It is important to study hydrazine because of the development of new uses for its derivatives. The Rasching method is the only satisfactory one for synthesizing hydrazine; it involves the oxidation of ammonia by sodium hypochlorite in the presence of some such catalyst as gelatin. Calcium hypochlorite was substituted for the sodium hypochlorite particularly in this work, applying agar-agar as catalyst. The results of the experiments are as follow: 1. The yield is proportional to the mole-ratio of ammonia to available chlorine in calcium hypochlorite and about 60% is obtained when the ratio is 20. 2. Agar-agar can be used as a catalyst and its proper concentration in the solution is 0.005%. 3. Proper concentration of available chlorine in the reaction solution is 0.23 mole/l. 4. The most effective condition for the reaction is a temperature of $60{\sim}65^{\circ}C.$ maintained for $20{\sim}25min$. 5. The reaction takes place equally well in either an open or closed container. 6. When calcium hypochlorite is applied in place of sodium hypochlorite, the yield of hydrazine is increased as much as 17%. 7. The yield of hydrazine is decreased by eliminating the suspension of $Ca(OH)_2$ which results from the use of calcium hypochlorite. 8. When $Ca(OH)_2$ is added to Rasching process, the yield of hydrazine is raised normally. 9. The fact that some metal ions, such as $Cu^{++},$ inhibit the formation of hydrazine was proved. 10. The suspension of $Ca(OH)_2$ acted as a remarkable adsorbent for $Cu^{++}$ like gelatin. The suspension of $Ca(OH)_2$ which results from the use of calcium hypochlorite acts as a catalyst, absorbing metal ions, to increase the yield of hydrazine. So I think that calcium hypochlorite is a more efficient oxidant than sodium hypochlorite in hydrazine syntheses.

In this study we found following fact. The properties of seed oil of Firmiana platonifola, Schott, et Endl. is quite different from that of china wood(Chinese Tung) oil. It belongs to the non-drying oil and chiefly consists of linoleo-dioleoglyceride and palmito-dioleoglyceride.

Ethanol extracts of Mung Bean seeds and seedings were analysed by 2-dimensional and circular paper partion chromatography for Nitrogen compounds as a part of the study on the Amino acids metabolism. In the seeds, 18 ninhydrin positive substances were present, before germination, but the number increased to 21 after germination. There were 3 unknown substances and one of it formed newly after germination. After 2-days germination, the amount of amides, such as Asparagine and Glutamine. where increased very large which were very small amount before it. Those were accumulated more in dark place than in light and the amount of Asparigine were more than that of Glutamine. Through the germination, there were large amount of Glutarmic acid, Aspartic acid and Alanine which seems to be concerned in transamination reaction in seedings. Valine, Leucine, and Phenylalanine increased to considerable amount after germination. This is very remarkable fact as those Amino acids were reported to be concerned in transamination reaction recently. ${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid was detected in both Cotyledon and Embroy through the germination. It seemed that there is no any Nitrogen Metabolism in the unbroken seed even if it is preserved very long period.

A ninhydrin positive substance(formed during germination of Mung Bean) which on a 2-dimensional chromatography(BuOH-HAc, and$ PhOH-NH_2$ gave a spot above glutamic acid was isolated by cutting out the appropriate spot on the paper and extracting the paper with water. Hydrolysis of this substance with $2N H_2SO_4\;or\;3N\;HCl\;at\;120^{\circ}C$ for 15 hours gave the spot of mainly glutamic acid, alanine and very faint of glycine and cysteine on a paper chromatography. It is suggested that the reaction of ${\gamma}$-glutamyl-cysteinecyl-glycine + L-alanine in the presence of ${\gamma}$-glutamyle transferase ${\rightarrow}$ ${\gamma}$-glutamyl-alanine + cysteinyl-glycine, takes place in germinated Mung Bean.

The hydroxydation of the saturated fatty acids in order to prepare hydroxy fatty acids in the presence of catalysts was reported by several workers. The considering commercial applications of this reaction, authors studied on the hydroxydation of natural fats composed of nonhydroxy saturated fatty acids. Tallow and stearic acid were tested with manganese dioxide as catalyst, $110 {\pm}3^{\circ}C,$ and under atmospheric oxygen. The highest hydroxyl values were obtained at 20 hours for tallow, 107.6 and at 14 hours for stearic add, 116.0.

The attempt to distinguish between graphite and domestic anthracite was means, especially electric resistance. The specific resistance values of various coals and graphites were determined by Wheaston Bridge equipped with more finely adjustable slide wire. The result of graphite was in the below of 0.08 ohm-cm and that of anthracite has $10^{-1}{\sim}10^1$ohm-cm range.

Microgram quantities of thallirum in meteorites, rocks, minerals, alloys and biological samples have been analyzed by rapid neutron activation analysis. A l0-minute radiochemical separation procedure coupled with a gas-flow proportional detector for 4.2-minute half life measurement and a gamma or beta scintillation detector placed in close proximity to the sample permitted detection of the 4.2-min Tl206. Samples were irradiated for 10-minutes at a thermal neutron flux of approximately $0.95{\times}10^{11}$ neutron-$cm^{-2}-sec^{-1}.$ The low limits of detection was about $10^{-7}$ gm of thallium.

Two methods for the determination of Cesium-137 in various foods(ashes) were compared. The one comprises two steps, the first being the separation of alkalies as cobaltinitrites or perchlorates by the radiochemical method, and the second being the measurement of photopeak area due to the presence of Cs-137 by the use of scintillation spectrometer. The other method is the direct subjection of ash samples to the spectrometry without the radiochemical separation. The combined contribution of K-40 and Rb-87 to the spectrum was not found on account of the difference in energies of these nuclides. These two methods gave, a good agreement in the determination of Cs-137 in 50-100g ash samples of vegetables or cereals under investigation.

We have shown that carboxy-peptidase destroys the biological activity of angiotensin octa-and deca-peptides. Since Proline occurs as the seventh amino acid from the amino end of the chain and since carboxypeptidase does not cleave proline from a peptid chain, it is evident that the heptapeptid H.asp-arg-val-tyr-ileu-his-pro.OH is formed by this hydrolysis. This peptide must then be biologically inactive. In order to determine whether the phenyl group of the C-terminal amino acid was the necessary requirement for biological activity of the octapeptide, $ala^8$ angiotensin octapeptide(amino acids of peptides numbered from amino end) was synthesized. For this synthesis the four dipeptides were prepared: carbobenzoxy-L-prolyl-L-alanine-P-nitrobenzyl-ester, m.p. $134-135^{\circ}C,$ carbobenzoxy-L-isoleucyl-imidazole benzyl-L-histidine methyl ester, m.p. $114-116^{\circ}C,$ carbobenzoxy-L-valyl-L-tyrosine hydrazide and carbobenzoxy B-benzyl-L-aspartyl-nitro-L-arginine. The first three dipeptides were obtained as crystalline compounds. Imidazole-benzyl-L-histidine was used in the hope that it would block the histidine imidazole against side reactions in steps subsequent to the formation of the C-terminal tetrapeptide. Also, it was through that the imidazole benzylated peptides would be easier to crystallize. This, however, was not the case. The tetrapeptide, carbobenzoxy-L-isoleucyl-L-im, benzyl-histidyl, L-prolyl-L-alanine-nitrobenzyl ester was not obtained in a crystalline form. Neither could the mono-or dihydrobromide of the tetrapeptide free base be induced to crystallize. Carbobenzoxy-L-valyl-L-tyrosine azide was condensed with the tetrapeptide free base to yield the protected hexapeptide; carbobenzoxy-L-valyl-L-tyrosyl-L-isoleucyl-L-im, benzyl, histidyl-L-Prolyl-L-alanine-nitrobenzyl ester. Upon removal of the carbobenzoxy group with hydrogen bromide in acetic acid an amorphous free base hexapeptide ester was obtained. This compound gave the correct C, H, N analysis and contained the six amino acids in the correct ratio. The octapeptide was obtained by condensing this hexapeptide with carbobenzoxy-B-benzyl-L-aspartyl-nitro, L-arginine using the mixed anhydride method of condensation. This amorphous product was proven to be homogenous by chromatography in two solvent systems and upon hydrolysis yielded the eight amino acids in correct ratio. The five protecting groups were removed from the octapeptide by hydrogenolysis over palladium black catalyst. Biological assay of the free peptide indicated that it possessed less than 0.1 per cent of both pressor and oxytocic activity of the phenylalanine8 angiotensin. This suggests that the phenyl group is a point of attachment between angiotensin and its biological receptor site.

By varying groups on biologically active molecules, it is possible to produce analogues which sometimes inhibit the action of the parent compound. Such is true of taurine(${\beta}$-amino-ethane sulfonic acid)as an analogue of ${\beta}$-alanine and of pantoyl taurine for pantothenic acid. It seemed possible that the sulfonic acid analogues of amino acids built into peptides might possibly produce inhibition of the parent peptide. Tauryl-L-histidine was selected to prepare as an analogue of carnosine(${\beta}$-alanyl-L-histidine). There were several reasons for this choice. Camosine causes a slight contraction of isolated uterine muscle and inhibition of this action can be easily tested. Also, taurine, being a ${\beta}$-amino sulfonic acid, is much more stable than the ${\beta}$-amino sulfonic acids. Phthalyl tauryl-L-histidine methyl ester was prepared by condensing phthalyl tauryl chloride with histidine methyl ester in chloroform. The yields were quite low possibly due to reaction between the acid chloride and the imidazole of histidine. Approximately 50 per cent yield of crude amorphous product was obtained, but upon purification by crystallization they yielded only 25 percent of a pure product. The methyl ester was removed by acid hydrolysis to prevent partial cleavage of the phthalyl group. Crystalline tauryl histidine was then obtained from this acid by removal of the phthalyl group by hydrazinolysis. Tests for inhibition were carried out by comparing the action of camosine on isolated uterine muscle before and after tauryl histidine had been added to the bath surrounding the muscle strip. Only in very high relative concentrations of tauryl histidine was there any demonstrable inhibition.

A titration of a small amount of iron with standard potassium ferrocyanide using potassium thiocyanate as indicator has been studied. A sample solution containing $0.1{\sim}1.0$ mg. $Fe^{3+}$ in 60 ml. is pipeted into 100 ml. Erlenmyer flask and the pH of the solution is adjusted to $1.5{\sim}3.0$ with 0.1 N or 1 N $HNO_3$ and $NH_4OH.$ To this solution one ml. of 1 M KCNS solution as indicator is added. The solution colored by iron thiocyanate complex is titrated with 1/200 M or 1/400 M standard solution of potassium ferrocyanide from a 5 ml. micro-buret. Near the end point, when the color of sample changes from deep red to green, about 20 ml. of ether is added and shake the flask vigorously. The red color is extracted to the ether layer. To settle the ether layer a few drops of ethanol is added and then standard solution is added dropwise and shake vigorously. The end point is reached when the color of the ether layer disappears owing to the quantitative formation of $Fe_4[Fe(CN)_6]_3.$ In this titration, 0.lmg. of $Fe^{3+}$ can be determined within 1.0% of titration error, provided the following optimum conditions, i.e., pH $1.5{\sim}3.0$, final concentration of KCNS indicator; $0.01{\sim}0.02M$, at room temperature. The titration found to be interfered by the presence of slightly soluble salts, stable complex forming ions and the ions which would be reduced by ferrocyanide or oxidized by ferric ion.

A calculation of the optical activity of the ${\alpha}$-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexahalocyclohexane is presented based upon the Kirkwood's polarizability theory of optical rotatory power. The calculated specific rotation of the compound are given in the following table. The close agreements demonstrates the applicability of the polarizability theory to the compounds whose optical activity is due to steric interference. The agreement in sign also confirms the validity of the absolute configuration of the ${\alpha}$-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexahalocyclohexane given by O. Hassel.

Assuming an intramolecular hydrogen-bonding, computation has been made on the optical rotatory power of 2-Chloro-1-Propanol. The magnitude of the calculated rotation is in fair agreement with the measured value of Lucas (calculated value: 21.6. measured value: 17.39). The agreement supports the validity of the assumption concerning the hydrogen-bonding between O atom and Cl atom. The agreement in sign confirms the validity the Fischer projection formula given by Lucas.

Ion exchange procedure was studied for the separation of thorium from the acidic solution obtained by means of decomposition of monazite with alkali solution. Present cation exchange method consists of adsorption of cations from the sample solution (ca. 0.6N HCl acidic) onto Amberlite IR-120 resin, elution of all of the rare earth cations with 700 ml. of 2N Hydrochloric acid, and recovery of the thorium by elution with 200ml. of 6N sulfaric acid. Thorium recovery by the ion-exchange method mentioned above, was quantitative, and it is concluded that this ion-exchange method may be used not only for industrial separation of thorium from rare earths but also for quantitative determination of thorium with relative error, ${\pm}1.0.$.

Nowadays, it is a well-known fact that the epoxy resins play an important role in the industrial field of plastics because of their excellent properties. Although studies on the polymers of epichlorohydrin with phenols, up-to-date, were various, there were only a few wokrs on the polymers of epichlorohydrin with amines. Therefore the experiments are carried out about the polymerization of epichlorohydrin with ${\alpha}-, {\beta}$-naphtylamine, o-, m-, p-toluidine, and o-, m-, p-nitroaniline. Examining the polymerization processes and the differences in the properties of the polymers, we obtained the following conclusions. 1) ${\alpha}$-naphthylamine, ${\beta}$-naphthylamine, o-toluidine, m-toluidine and p-toluidine react with epichlorohydrin to form polymers but o-, m-, and p-nitroaniline do not make polymers with epichlorohydrin. 2) As polymerization times after adding sodium hydroxide and refluxing again 3hrs. are suitable for ${\alpha}$-naphthylamine-epichlorohydrin, 3.5hrs. for${\beta}$-naphthylamine-epichlorohydrin, and 4hrs, for m-toluidine-epichlorohydrin. 3) Method for determining molecular weight of these polymers by the titration of end group is applicable to the polymers having D.P. less than about 200 for ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-naphthylamine-epichlorohydrin and those having D.P. less than 18 for m-toluidine-epichlorohydrin. 4) Gererally, these polymers get special colors so that these need proper pigmentation to use as molding compounds.

A small size Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst testing apparatus, designed for an operating pressure of 150 psig, was test fabricated from ordinary schedule 40 iron pipes. The operability of the apparatus was tested by charging the reactor tube with the Lurgi Fischer-Tropsch iron Catalyst and passing through it the water gas obtained by gasifying the Korean anthracite using steam and oxygen. With the kind of catalyst charged, the apparatus was proven to daily produce about 50c.c. of synthetic greasy product, water and water soluble compounds, by running at a temperature of $250^{\circ}C$ and at a space velocity of 180 volume of gas per volume of catalyst/hr. About 20 consecutive days of operation is claimed to be sufficient for gathering an enough amount of synthetic products for such ordinary tests as distillation analysis, density measurement, iodine value determination etc. This trial fabrication of apparatus may be the first case of its kind in Korea in that the work has been conducted out in much a pilot plant scheme rather than a routine laboratory way which depends on small glass ware apparatus.

The Compositions of the free sugars in Korean Ginseng were determined by use of the ion exchange chromatography and anthrone reaction. The free sugars were sucrose, fructose and glucose. The contents of each sugar in dried and wet Ginseng were Sucrose: 8.525 and 5.280, Fructose: 0.498 and 0.245, glucose: 0.433 and 0.975, respectively.

The nickel has been separated and precipitated with dimethylglyoxime in the usual manner and dissolved the precipitates with hydrochloric acid. To the nickel solution, 0.2g of Murexide as an indicator and 5 ml of 20 percent tri-ethanol amine solution were added and titrated with a standard solution of EDTA. At the end point the color changes from yellow to deep purple. In this paper, the purpose is that conditions for titration and for separation from the interfering substances were investigated and a suitable procedure was found and applied on the determination of nickel in Korean nickel ores.

Solution of the diffusion problem applicable to steady state reduction at the ideal streaming mercury electrode are presented, with special attention being given to the influence of stream contraction caused by the gravity. To eliminate the convection occurring in the layer between the streaming mercury and the electrolytic solution, a new method have been invented, in this case the solution being tested was streamed with same velocity of the streaming mercury. Experiment have been made in order to compare the experimental value with the theoretical value and the experimental diffusion current was approached more to the theoretical value than the value obtained by earlier form of the streaming mercury electrode used by Heyrovsky.

A polarographic method for rapid determination of Uranium in the presence of foreign ions was proposed. The method is based on the measurement of polarogram in the sulfuric acid as supporting electrolyte. In this medium Uranyl ions give well defined reduction waves, and half-wave potentials are -0.19V vs. S.C.E. as first wave, and uncertain volt. vs. S.C.E. as second wave in $2.4 N-H_2SO_4.$ The first wave has a linear relationship between the concentration of Uranyl ion and wave height. The author also studied a method for rapid determination of Uranium in Korean monazite sand without eliminating the foreign ions. The Korean monazite sands were analyzed by this method and satisfactory result were obtained.