The usefulness of a propionylated paper chromatography to the identification of various insoluble organic antioxidants in rubber vulcanizates was studied. Purified commercial antioxidants and commercially mixed antioxidants could be identified by the propionylated paper chromatography. Antioxidants were identified by the propionylated paper chromatography from acetone extract of pure gum vulcanizates, which were either unaged or aged in Geer-Oven. The $R_f$ values from acetone extracts of vulcanizates were a little lower than those purified samples, but the colours and shapes of the spots support the identification. No spot could be obtained by the method from the aged vulcanizate containing antioxidant 200 (2,6 Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol). This indicates that the antioxidant was converted or decomposed to other compound after aging. It was concluded from the above results that the propionylated paper chromatography is useful to identify the antioxidants from vulcanizates and presents a key for elucidating the mechanism of the inhibition.

It is thought that the adsorption isotherms in dyeing of cellulose by the direct cotton dyes are consisted of combined type of Langmuir and Freundlich as the opinion of Fujino, et al;$[D]_F=ab[D]_S/(1+b[D]_S)+k[D]_S$where a,b,k; constants, $[D]_F$; dye adsorption on the fiber, $[D]_S$; dye concentration in the bath. This means that the dyes adsorbed in cellulose present in the state of partly mono molecular and partly aggregate; the characteristic fading order curve will be expressed as the combined system of uniform particle size distribution and assumed that the slope of the theoretical models of Baxter, et al., and assumed that the slope of curve will be changed near the point of a, the saturation value of Langmuir isotherms in the above equation. Firstly, the theoretical fading rate curve was treated with small colour difference as the one step of experimental of above consideration.

Lead ion gives a well-defined wave with $E_{1/2}$=-0.57V(vs. S.C.E.) from a base electrolyte consisting of 0.1M TEA=0.5M$KNO_3$=0.0002% methl red. (pH 9.8).The reduction wave of lead is lead(II) to lead(0) and electrode reaction of this wave diffusion controlled.Its diffusion current constant is 2.45 and temperature coefficient of this wave is about 1.2%.Under above conditions, diffusion current is proportional to the concentration of lead in the range of $10^{-3}$ ~$10^{-4}$ M.

In this study we have measured the activity coefficients of NaCl in solution by E.M.F. method, depending upon MacInnes' equation at 25 dog. The cell (electrodes) is same as MacInnes' except the cock which was designed by ourselves as figure 1.Additionally, we have calculated the hydration number of NaCl from the activity coefficients using Robinson's equation and ionic hydration number according to our new formula $\frac{n_M{^+}+0.8}{n_A{^-}-0.1}=n_{MA}$, which was mentioned our former thesis.We also have calculated the hydration number of some salts from the ionic hydration number using upper formula and have got reasonable series match with other's value.As the results of our studying, we conclude it as follow;1) Liquid junction potential depend only on the bulk concentration of the both solution.2) The formula $\frac{n_M{^+}+0.8}{{n_A{^-}}-0.1}=n_{MA}$ is reasonable one in deducing to ionic hydration number.3) From upper relation, we can calculate the hydration number of unknown salts from it's ionic hydration numbers.

The waters throughout Taegu area for 87 points were analysed and according to the analytical data, following unfavorable characteristics for industrial uses were given: (1)Shows strong hardness, (2)Has high ratio of ignition residue to evaporation residue, (3) pH value is over 7, (4) Contains considerable quntities of iron.And then investigated the exchange rate and regeneration level of iron ion using cation exchange resin, Lewatit KS.When the hard water containing 2.2 ppm of iron with 18.4 ppm of calcium and 6.2 ppm of magnesium was passed through the ion exchange resin under $3cc/cm^2/min$ in exhaustant flow rate, exchange rate of iron reached to 42% after 300 hours flow. The exchange efficiency shows abrupt decreasing in initial stage of flow up to 100 hours flow. The exchanger which contains iron was regenerated with 10% sodium hydroxide aqua solution under SV (space velocity) 4. By this method, 57% of iron was eliminated from exchanger while calcium and magnesium are removed as much as 85% and 87% respectively.

The silver halide precipitate tends to separate in curdy form of flocculated colloid when it is precipitated by direct mixing of reactant solutions. This type of precipitate has a great tendency to adsorb or occlude foreign ions in the solution.When silver halide in precipitated from homogeneous solution using the slow hydrolysis of Alkyl halide or Ally halide, the precipitate becomes dense, filterable and uniform in particle size which is very advantageous in gravimetric analysis.We found that silver halide precipitates obtained from homogeneous solution with hydrogen halide formed by the hydrolysis of alkyl halide do not give the color change with fluorescein as adsorption indicater, while silver halide precipitates obtained by direct mixing method give sharply pink color which appear to be uniformly distributed through the solution in silver ion excess.

A new method of evaluating the mixing time in the continuous flow stirred tank is herein proposed. Experimental results to test the concept are also presented.The mixing time is defined as the time interval between the injection of a slug of an electrolyte solution into the tank and the moment at which an essentially straight line begins on a plot of the conductivity of effluent versus time.The proposed method of measuring the mixing time is valid even for the low mixing time (5 seconds) and the results obtained agree well with previous work, where the mixing time measurements were carried out by the injection of a dye into the feed stream.

This study was carried out to investigate the lead-bismuth-sodium ternary system which a basis of the Dittmer method as a part of "the fundamental study of pyrometallurgical debismuthizing of lead". Thermodynamic properties of each liquid Pb-Bi, Pb-Na binaries as well as liquid Pb-Bi-Na ternary solution were measured by e.m.f. of these concentration cells, and those of each component were also determined. Furthermore, iso-activity lines including Pb rich side composition of Pb-Bi-Na ternary solution were determined. The relationship between those thermodynamic characteristics and tendency of intermetallic compound formation was discussed through the above experiments.

As a part of "the Fundamental Study of Pyrometallurgical Debismuthizing of Lead", the author has studied liquid Pb-Bi, Pb-Na, Bi-Na binaries and Pb-Bi-Na ternary including Pb rich side composition which forms a basis of the Dittmer method. In this study, debismuthizing mechanism of the Dittmer method pertaining to the lead rich corner of the system studied was classified by the results of thermal analysis, solubility determination of Bi and Na in liquid Pb and debismuthizing test by adding metallic sodium. For instance eutectic trough in lead rich corner of Pb-Bi-Na ternary relating to the Dittmer method was determined.

The reactions between organic halides$(CCl_4,\;C_6H_5Br,\;C_6H_5Cl,\;C_6H_5I)$ and amines $(C_6H_5NH_2,\;R_2NH,\;R_3N,\;(CH_2)_5NH,\;pyridine)$ were studied under mixed u.v. irradiation. The modes of reactions were examined by means of gas chromatography and product-reactant ratio determination. The reaction of $CCl_4$ with amines give chloroform and hexachloroethanes, and the reaction of aromatic halides with amines gave biphenyl and benzene. In each series of reaction there obtained mainly corresponding amine hydrohalides, but no amination products. The reactivity was in the order of the basicity of amines and of the reactivity of organic hahides, except in the case of cyclic tertiary amine. The result was interpreted as a non-chain photodecomposition process. A competitive proton abstraction reaction path via the formation of a change transfer complex was proposed as the reaction mechanism.

A tiny dust found at the balcony of the Institute indicated about 8,0000 counts per minute by T.G.C.-2 Geiger-Muller tube (1.8mg/$cm^2$ window-thickness) at the distance of 2cm from the window. The main fission fragments, as identified by the present analysis, are 12.5day Ba-140 and 33.1 day Ce-141. The gamma energies were determined using $2"{\times}2"$ NaI(Tl) scintillation detector connected to RCL-256 channel pulse heigt analyzer. The beta energies were evaluated by Feather plot.

Three kinds of acid clay are chosen as samples; sample-I is the Korean acid clay, Sample-II is prepared by heating the mixure of the Korean acid clay with 20% $H_2SO_4$ for 4 hrs., and the sample-III, the reference sample, is the Japanes acid clay supplied by Katayama Chem. Co.. 15 samples are prepared by heating them at temperatures of $100^{\circ}C$, $300^{\circ}C$, $500^{\circ}C$, $700^{\circ}C$, and $900^{\circ}C$ for 6 hrs. separately.The adsorption experiments are carried out on these samples using bromphenol blue water soln.(conc., 0.001%) as adsorbate. It is found that the degree of decoloration depends upon the temperature of thermal treatment, i.e., the higher the temperature the lower the degree of decoloration is. At any specified temperature of thermal treatment, the degree of decoloration is in following order: sample II>sample I>sample III.The X-ray photographs of the samples show that the intensities of a few specified lines decrease with increasing temperatures of thermal treatment.

The rearrangement reaction of azoxybenzenes into hydroxyazobenzenes in strongly acidic solution has been studied by an U. V. spectrophotometric method and by isolation of the rearranged compound. In all cases under investigation, it appeared that the oxygen atom in the azoxy group migrated to the unsubstituted ring, depending neither on the substituent already present in the other ring, nor on the distance between the oxygen atom and the eligible position; whereas, the position in the open ring, ortho or para, to which the oxygen migrates depends on the substituent already present in the other ring. In all compounds besides ${\alpha}$-and ${\beta}$-4-methyl azoxybenzene, the oxygen atom migrates to the para position. In the case of ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$-4-methylazoxybenzene, the oxygen atom migrates to the ortho position of the unsubstituted ring.

The ultraviolet and visable absorption spectra of trans, cis-azoxybenzene, substituted azoxybenzenes and their conjugate acids have been studied. The 320-350$m{\mu}$ main bands of free-base of azoxybenzenes are due to ${\pi}{\to}{\pi}^{\ast}$ transition. These bands of their conjugate acids shown bathochromic shift into visible range. The following emperical relationship between absorption maxima of the main bands was found. ${\lambda}_{max}={\lambda}^{\circ}_{max}+{\Delta}{\lambda}_x+{\Delta}{\lambda}_y$ This relationship in terms of wave number is also hold in good agreement. ${\nu}={\nu}_{\circ}-({\Delta}{\nu}_x+{\Delta}{\nu}_y)$

Seasonal variations of chemical constituents of estuarine water at a definite station of the tidal flat in Guang Yang inlet have been determined for two days a month. The range and mean of the annual variations are as follows:Tidal variations through a year are as follows:1. Although the tidal value of pH is almost constant during one tidal cycle, it raises abruptly 0.1-0.2 intervals of pH value during the first period of flood.2. The lower values of chlorinity, magnesium and calcium contents have been determined the nearer the slack after ebb, and slightly higher during the first period of flood tide than the last of ebb. The tidal change of calcium contents is more remarkable than of magnesium.3. The higher per cent saturation values of dissolved oxygen, sometimes higher than 100 per cent, re determined the nearer the slack after ebb.4. The total nitrogen contents, relatively poor, varies accidentally during one tidal cycle, whereas phosphate-P and silicate-Si are rich at the slack after ebb and increase proportionally to the mixing percentage of fresh water. The average values, 52.2 and 18.5 of Si/P and N/P are greater than of the normal.5. The acid soluble iron contents, lower in winter than in summer, is also varies accidentally during one tidal cycle and the magnitude of the variation is large.6. The chemical composition considered from the value of Ca/Cl or Mg/Cl of estuarine water varies according to the chlorinity even at the high chlorinity of 18-19%.