Our residential architecture and furniture have developed their unique formative characteristics under the influence of the natural environment as well as under socio-cultural influence. In order to understand such characteristics of our residential architecture and furniture, we need to clarify similarities and differences through comparative study from various perspectives. The present study purposed to examine the effects of mutual relations among Yangban's residential architecture and their furniture in the Chosun Dynasty on their formative characteristics, to identify the formative characteristics of shapes, materials, colors, patterns and decorations found in the residential architecture and their furniture, and to make a comparative analysis of the formative characteristics of the residential buildings and their furniture. This research will provide a ground for reinterpreting our culture and help to apply Korean culture identity to today's interior and furniture design.

The artistic features of German Expressionism in the early twentieth century are often recognized for its abstract and emotional representation in art and architecture. Expressionism departed from the paintings, notably the works of Der Blaue Reiter and the Bruck, but the architectural works with curve and organic features were also taken as expressive. German architects Hans Scharoun (1893-1972) and Hugo Haring (1882-1958), in this regard, have long been regarded as Expressionist architects, but recent studies suggest that their architectural designs include a profound idea of modem functional building. Scharoun and Haring held a socialist utopian vision as other modernists have also had, but their inherent view upon modern architecture was function which was mistakenly viewed as Expressionism in earlier documents. This paper intends to exemplify how Expressionism is inappropriate to represent the expressive presentations of Scharoun and Haring. Despite the fact that their designs possess certain expressionist elements, their works can also be constructed as an advanced functionalism. Many young architects in Germany were not given chances to build due to economic hardship after the First World War, and they were naturally led to imagery sketch designs for future architecture. Abstract Idea was freely exposed in its preliminary visual form, and it is also uneasy to draw a borderline between expressive presentation and the Expressionism itself.

Professional journal articles, while eye-catching, nay also be somewhat superficial and formal. In fact, interior design magazines focus on providing images rather than texts to appeal to readers. Thus, it has been difficult for interior design magazines to represent interior designers who are serious about their career. The KOSID Journal, on the other hand, is not a professional journal, but handles current Issues that are most sensitive and important to professional interior designers and provides understanding of contemporary interior design trends. In this respect, this study analyzed the contents of the KOSID Journal, from its founding issue (1983) until it began to serve academic purposes with the establishment of the Interior Design Association in 1992 and discussions of the interior design discourse of the time.

During the modern age, various fields have fundamentally changed from the preconceived ideas of the past. The concept of time-space relationship changed also. E. J. Marey was almost the first one to visualize the movement of animals and people through scientific methods. Frank B. Gilbreth used more precise photographic equipments to develop more accurate and specific body movement diagrams. The emergence of visualization of body movement is not the only product from the scientific field. The new concept of time-space can be easily noticed in modem art, music and dance. In space design, Futurism attempted to represent the dynamism and speed in a sculptural form. On the other hand, there were examples to further investigate the specific analysis of body movements such as 'Scientific Management'. Body movement diagrams are widely used in various projects in contemporary space design. The difference is that now the design process is more integrated with the analysis. The representation of speed and the container of movements are interwoven in a complex manner in which fluid relationship between body and space is possible. Three types can now be considered: Object, Container and Interactivity. This study attempts to analyze brief history of body movement studies and their application for contemporary space design.

Architecture is the product of a way of thinking. If the problems of architecture are to be traced to their roots, then attention needs to be focused on the thinking and considerations that inform its production. Adolf Loos occupies a truly exceptional place in the history of architecture. Adolf Loos's ideas and attitudes disagree with the notion that modernity is possible to develop a harmonious culture within the bounds of a modernizing society. Loos chronologically precedes the modern movement, but his ideas contain the seeds of what will be worked out later as a complex critique of the movement's notions about architecture and modernity. Loos holds the view that modernity provokes an inevitable rupture with tradition that has as a consequence the disintegration of one's experience of life. This evolution, he think, obliges architecture to display a number of languages corresponding to a multitude of different experiences. Through the discussion of Loos's opinions on dwelling and architecture, it explores the true features of position of Loos in modern architecture. Loos thinks that the rejection of the deliberate creation of a new style was a correct response to the diagnosis of life as being rootless and fragmented. Ornament is that which people use to attempt to relate different aspects of life and to join inner and outer worlds in a coherent whole. By getting rid of ornament the illusion is destroyed that a harmonious unity of this sort is still possible. One can only remain true to tradition if one acknowledges that its continuity is not an unbroken one. Dwelling can only be saved by separating it from other aspects of life.

Careful attentions should be paid on the renovation of historical building, not only because it conservations architectural heritages by affording new roles of the present days, but also determine their successive value in the stream of the preservation of cultural properties. Among drastically-increasing interest in the remodeling of the modem architecture in Korea, it is meaningful to research the cases in Japan since there are precedent, accumulative, and ample example of lengthened time. In this paper, two examples with different renovation concept, 'harmony' and 'confrontation' are compared. 'Minami-za' is the typical example to harmonize the present requirement with the original purpose and the memories of the buildings, where the use and the design are preserved. On the contrary, 'Shinpu-kan' is exemplified as confrontation where everything except the facade and the structure was remodeled. It is suggested to understand 'harmony' and 'confrontation' as a way to the coexistence of 'new' and 'old' on the basic of the historical meaning of architectures, not only as a design trend.

Since the time of Vitruvius, the sciences have impacted on the perspectives for architecture and have had a direct influence on the shaping of built space. In recent years, architects have been looking again at sciences as a source of inspiration in the production of their designs and constructions. There are various ways to look at architecture's relationship to science. It is interesting to see how many of the words of day-to-day architectural speech have been drawn from science, the abundant use of references such as topology, fractals, chaos theory, and so on. The reasons for this may be obvious, insofar as science has become the dominant discourse of our times. The numerous attempts have been made to constitute architectural practice so as to bring it into line with the methods of science. But Alberto Perez-Gomez juxtaposed architectural theory and Husserl's. The Crisis of European Science. In Husserl's 'Crisis', it is modern science itself that is laid open question. Through examining its changing relationships to architectural ideas this paper is intended to describe the problematic relationship between science and architecture, in other words, architecture's as science.

An architecture is a result from representation of design knowledge by architect's creative thinking, and operated only in his internal organization system. Design knowledge based upon the experience that they have achieved in the past as well as the informations they have accumulated over the time. In this point of view, the Schema that formed by problems settlement and process repetitions for the best conclusion, not only play an important part in the designer's thinking system about a specific problem but also appeared by distinctive features. This research looks to achieve a new design method by finding out how architects express traditionality in the contemporary house through schema. This research analyze contemporary house built in seoul of 1990's. The result are as followings. First, Schema is a 'frame' that already exist in the architect's thinking, will make a good guide about express the traditionality. Second, We found out several distinctive characters in the form and the space. The form is divided in five types. It is an condensed form of roof image, the metamorphosis of form grammar, the change of part details, the representation of design principle and the directly expression. Lastly, In the space, it is the borrow of the connection method of inside and external space, the three parts composition of the space, the adaptation of 'Madang' and the Independent composition of the space due to 'Chae'

Frei Otto, who is called to be the father of the ecological architecture, has shaped a peculiar architectural form style. In distance from the formalistic persistence to the modernist form canon and the postmodern tendencies to the self-representation of architects, Frei Otto has taken a more fundamentalistic position. Through the interdisciplinary researches on the self-organizing processes in the nature and the technical world Frei Otto could reason with architects, engineers, biologists, historians and philosophers the principle and structure of the natural construction that is applicable to the morphological research and the architectural construction research. In the middle of his architectural and scientific works is the idea of 'the natural construction' situated, and the basic principle and instrument of this 'Die Prinzip der Selbstbildung, The Principle of Self-making'. Founding himself on this principle, Frei Otto seeks after the new architectural form that is light, natural, flexible and variable by reasoning the typical formation process which refers to the common denominator of the self-making processes in the nature, the technique and the architecture. Despite his architecture is to be called to the anonymous, his architectural vision is headed toward the rationalistic form in accord with the natural laws. This study is purposed to elucidate the constellation to which his scientific attempts belong and the theoretical and methodological foundations of his architecture of 'the natural construction'.

The purpose of this study is to understand interrelation between design thinking system and creativity, and to analyze designer how to develop personal conception and attitude in interior design through the method of analogy for signification. The process of this study is illustrated as follows: 1. Introduction of general theories about analogical grammar and signification of analogy. 2. Investigating possibility of analogy as creative thinking method in interior design for meaning development. 3. Establishment of design process model for analogical design based on the case study through the design field. That is, concept and process of analogical design is shown objectively by application in collective residential design as commercial product strategy. Through this process, this study presents possibility of giving meaning in interior space through consilience between source and target of analogy. Finally, it examines analogical method is major strategy for ideation and mechanism for meaning development in interior design.

Due to multidisciplinary characteristic of the Interior Design field, it has developed into complex interdisciplinary field. Therefore Interior Design field has grown and established its major trends dependent upon other related field of study. With this perspective in mind, esthetics on Interior Design has to be treated in similar manner. In modem architects or artists have defined the terminology 'object' theoretical principle where by unable to distinguish between 'object's type' and 'objects', Presently, the term 'object' became a trend word. In order to confront misconception of the idea of 'Objectification', some people definition as reflection of this complex society. In this paper, it will establish a solid groundwork for a discussion on Objectification. The initial approach will deal with Le Corbusier and esthetics, which is the center of argument. By reviewing theoretical background of the related modern art, the paper discusses about the relationship between Le Corbusier and esthetics. Subsequently, the discussion about the criterions necessary to define object is provided. This paper only suggests a methodology of analyzing a trend in Interior Design. The condition to define Objectification in Interior Design, which is a result of the reviewing process on esthetics, can be concluded as 'modeling form(transformation of morphological meaning with change wrought by causing a visual reaction)', 'mixtures and modification of materials(transformation and spontaneity through mixing materials)' and 'elements greatly influence space' of the Interior Design.

Ron Arad, the master of contemporary design in the U.K., is one of representative leaders of this age who has left distinguished achievements in the history of contemporary design through innovative design. Analyzing and understanding the Deconstructive design concept and the deconstructive characteristics of interior space of Ron Arad will contribute to finding directions for today's design and laying the ground for explaining the development pattern of design in the 21st century. After analyzing the deconstructive characteristics of each selected space, One Off and Ron Arad Associates have shown a deconstructive design trend of a creative formula by using methods that shed conventional processes and material while a space composition and form of new concept was attempted in the resting space of the New Tel Aviv Opera House, offering not only the establishment of a new circulation system, but also diverse experiences of space to visitors. Likewise, a temporal experience and communication between the user and the space was attempted in Belgo Noord and Belgo Central by partially applying a narrative space composition that sheds existing design concepts. At the Millennium House, they have produced an interior space for future house developed by breaking off from existing typical design development work and material through computer operation, and made various forms of space and atmosphere possible by attempting variable elements and the use of ultramodern material. Y's fashion shop has granted variability to the form and volume of space according to time by presenting display elements that have shed existing form and function. Hotel Puerta America as well, with a curved structure that has broken off with existing forms and maximized space variability through structures that have utilized ultramodern materials and instruments. Through this study, it has been verified that Ron Arad has been unraveling connections between interior space and its user, its requirements, and the original unique principles of space by applying deconstructive design concepts, and that through the mediation of these spaces, he is attempting indirect communication with the user. Eventually, he is taking part in the harmony and development of all elements of space connected with human beings by applying deconstructive design concepts.

Digital media changed not only our lifestyle and sense of value but also art and space design, and development of technology will accelerate the alteration. It provided limitless possibility and inspiration to art, architecture and design. In this 'image' era, media communicate with us mostly in visual method, which gets to he realized by visual interface. The purpose of this study is to analyze the tendency of visual interface of contemporary interior design cases in the standpoint of digital media characteristics and suggest directions for future space design. The characteristics of digital media and interface are defined, and how the concept unfolded in art, design is also discussed. In interior design, the concepts come out as various types of visual interface, showing the characteristics of composition of material and immaterial, interaction between visual information and space users and among users, realization of cyberspace and simultaneous coexistence of multiple space-time multi-layer.

This study intends to understand the visual experience of architectural space generated by users' movement based on the interpretation of visual properties. An analytic theory of Isovist is suggested for the objective and comparable measurement for such visual experience, and a computer program for the analysis has been proposed as well. By using the analytical theory and computer program, eight houses designed by Adolf Loos and Le Corbusler are analyzed for the purpose of understanding the visual characteristics of the Modern Architecture and the contemporaries. The result shows that, while the architectural space of Loos emphasizes personal privacy as for being livable spaces, the architectural space of Corbusier emphasizes users' movement as for including diverse visual arrays. These commensurable results exhibit that the analytical tool and research frame suggested in this study can be a competitive tool for such analysis.

Apartments have become the most popular type of residential building in Korea since the 1960s. The dwelling space should be designed to accomodate various life styles or changing needs of family members. This research is conducted to analyze flexible interior space types of apartments and to improve the architectural planning and design of apartments that can satisfy various needs of residents. In this study, apartments of 10 - 90 pyeongs built in the region of Seoul, between 1998 and 2007, are investigated in terms of the unit plan, the number of open sides, and a distribution of flexible apartment types for each year, Apartments with flexible space are classified into 10 different types, including a flexible type between bedrooms, a flexible type between a bedroom and the livingroom, and a flexible type between the dinning room and the livingroom. According to the composition of unit plans, apartments are also differentiated as a single-corridor type, a double-corridor type, a stairway type, a hall type, and a combination type. According to these classifications, the characteristics of desirable unit plans were analyzed. The results of the analysis showed that, as the unit size of apartments get bigger, the ratio of width/depth of the front side unit plan is increased. This result reflects a trend of high-rise apartments which have an increased number of front-side bays and a shorter depth for better penetration of daylight. In addition, a hall type is found to have a wider front side and shorter depth. According to open sides, a flexible type of the livingroom and the dinning room/kitchen (L-D.K) is found to be most common for the front/back open space, and the livingroom is usually placed on the front/side open space. To meet the changing needs of residents, more research should be conducted on flexible dwelling space.

The purpose of this study was to compare the houses of Richard Meier and those of Mario Botta to identify the features of their houses. To identify the features of their houses through comparison, it was most important to understand the influences of their masters on them. Based on the lessons they learned from their masters, their houses were compared and analyzed. The findings were as follows. First, both their houses illustrated the principle and language of Le Corbuiser. They extended the principle and language of Le Corbuiser with their own thoughts and ideas and applied those to their houses. Second, the difference between their houses arose from the influence of Louis Kahn and Carlo Scarpa on Botta and the influence of Mies van der Roeh on Meier. Botta who was taught by Kahn and Scarpa was able to develop his expressive and heavy style of brick house, while Meier who was influenced from Mies was distinguished for his cold, transparent, sleek and contemporary style of house. Third, they both showed outstanding abilities to integrate the principles and languages of their masters in their own creative ways, when developing their own styles of houses. While Volume of Corbuiser, skills and languages of Kahn and Scarpa were put together in Botta's house, the Corbuiser's feature of sectional variety and the Mies' feature of sleek and transparency were overlapped in Meier's house. Fourth, while new expression shown in Botta's house was achieved in the process of integrating the languages of Kahn and Scarpa, new expression shown in Meier's house was created mostly in the process of taking and applying materials and languages from contemporary times.

Recently, human's life is more longer and the birth rate continually decrease by the development of medical technology. In 2026 the ratio of the elderly will come up to 20.8% and be a 'post-aged society'. Development of economy and industrialization not only accelerate the urbanization and formation of nuclear family, but also change the changing of traditional society and one's value. So the issue of society and value's changing in the elderly increase the centralizing in the silver industry, and by the recent research about the elderly, they not want to live with their children, but want to live independently. This study is meaningful at the next generation of Ubiquitous society and post-aged society, proposing the smart silver town in urban type and let the elderly keeping the existing life in city. It realize the concept of 'Aging in Place' and propose the smart silver town in urban type which appropriate to behavior of the elderly, and being satisfy with various requirements of the elderly. This study point up the combination of physical elements and electronic elements through the smart technology, and making an smart environment to compose the smart silver town in urban type which react the behavior of the elderly.

The Smart Home and the Home Networking industry have growth rate in 53.9% per year, and many nations appoint it as a nation's developing industry to research and invest. As KS, a standard composing smart instruments for smart home, maintain systematically in every year, and in other side construction standardization only in way to indicate, but never has national standard. Based on the Modular Coordination(MC) the framing standard of design drawing was examined in every year, and in same way for making the framing standard about Smart Home there need making a Modular Coordination(MC) at first. This investigation recognize the necessity about the modular that will be the base of architectural space which control the smart instruments. And aimed at indicating smart modular through the research about modular of the existing residence space and survey about the applicable smart technology.

Recently, it appears several counterproposals about desirable figures of urban architecture. All of them proposes 'publicity' with cohernt tendency. The reason why it concentrates quantitative expansion of city without united design by urban plannar is that neglect quality values of city. As a solution of poor environment, there cue out the various efforts, about problem of each building, problem of city space, problem of laws and so forth. The reason why necessity of public space was embossed in that architecture extend the activity of citizen and make up the city space. But, each building pursues the private interest, so it is difficult to secure a public space with a high hand. Thus, architecture law has been revised in 1991 and bring the system of open space to match up the publicity and the private interest. Actually, western country brought it and obtained excellent results. While quantity of open space have increased since 1991, a lot of problems revealed in real usage and quality. By means of problem's solution, this study focus on the diversion of recognition for necessity of various open space. In result, on the occasion of approach and openess, except for several building, most glass a facade and the pedestrian can approach easily. Moreover, office buildings near the subway station connected with their low floor. So, the office buildings give openess to pedestrian and a people can approach easily to the buildings. On the occasion of amenity, most have bank and lobby on the first floor and have facilities on the underground floor. It leave open. But the reason why they have bank and lobby is that the space is dry and boring(without elements of nature and rest space). Hence, to make a space full of vitality, it have to plan various design elements and facilities. First of all, plan of indoor public space have to make up facility for the public interest. This study is basic investigation for necessity of indoor public space and through the survey of office buildings, it analyze the character of plan and find out the method of publicity's realization.

The purpose of this study is to provide basic guidelines for qualitatively advanced children facilities and spaces in grand bookstores. The main concept is considered with a situation that grand bookstores of large corporations are increasing in quantity, but their social missions for the user are often being connived. The study is peformed by research of current six domestic grand bookstores, two branches of each three large corporations, larger than 2,500py in Seoul, and the research is applied to Murtha's User Benefit Criteria as a basic format. As a result of the research, some problems to be improved are detected in ways of behavioral facilitation, physiological maintenance, perceptual maintenance, and social facilitation, therefore findings in survey turned out to be parents' dissatisfaction in many aspects. Finally, with this result, it is desirable for interior designers to reflect the indicated insufficient elements to their following children's bookstore space design for the user, children and their parents.

School's preservation of health aims at the promotion of efficiency for school education as it promotes students and all teaching staffs' health. In this study, 26 elementary schools in seoul were selected and analyzed, in order to make a basic plan of efficient public health room where students and all teaching staffs can be actively treated their physical and mental problems. The basic direction of school health was referred to promote school's preservation of health. A public health room should have each necessary field to do their own parts. Besides, its space plan has to be designed in detail so that the room can be convenient and comfortable. Unlike until now, we need to change our mind into planing a public health room apart from a school plan.

This study analyzes the characteristics of special configuration for wayfinding in general hospitals. To that end, the study categorizes four different hospitals, according to the type of their wayfinding systems. It aims at utilizing the result of the analysis for wayfinding system in general hospitals by applying three elements of analysis methods', perpetual access, depth, and intelligibility. The study result shows as follows: First, there is no difference in special hierarchy when hospitals are analyzed and divided by halls and streets. It means that outpatient departments are located by spatial function and characteristics rather than form of spatial configuration. Second, we found that fewer direction changes are conducive to easier circulation in terms of wayfinding, when we analyzed spatial depth from the main entrances to the outpatient departments. Third, regarding intelligibility, intelligibility of Chungang University Hospital ranked highest. Kunkook University Hospital, Dongkook University Hospital and Seoul National University Hospital ranked 2nd, 3rd, and 4th respectively. It means that difficulty level of wayfinding is not decided by the characteristics of special configuration such as hospital hall and hospital streets but depends on location planning. The difficulty level of wayfinding mainly relies on location planning.

In according as the social action of women is active, the average life span is longer than male, not only woman's social position is higher, but also the construction of the more professional woman special hospital Is increased. In occasion to the recent woman special hospital, give medical treatment about pediatrics and the breast surgery as well, and the sphere is increasing as compose the variety network, from the health medical center to check the woman's physical to the postpartum care center. The trend of the lobby is arranged the more service area as the concept of the woman hospital is changed, the sphere is increasing. Accordingly, this study research and analyze the service zone and design elements on the focus the lobby of the internal woman special hospital, have an intention of guideline about the interior design of the after woman hospital. As the subject of study, selected the hospital that lobby serves to show the identity of total space, and the woman special hospital that is introduced to the relation journal with architecture or interior design, is opened after 2000 years, below the 100 bed. As the study method, understand the composition of lobby space through floor analysis, examination by the visit, analyzed the arrangement constituent, the design trend. The direction of lobby space mentioned in the study result is that secure the publicness, guarantee the privacy zone, and is important that the adequate arrangement of commercial space contribute to client's mental stability, desire that inflected as the more positive communication place.

The purpose of this study is to suggest architectural planning guideline for the improvement of the evacuation environment in a ward. To suggest of guideline, the problem of irrational domestic criteria is searched according to compare National fire code (NFPA101, Life safety code) with Korea building law. This study includes stairs, corridors and exit door etc. but excludes fire facilities. To verify effectiveness of suggested guideline, egress simulation is run that based on databases according to literature survey. The results of this study could be summarized as follow: Suggested guidelines are subdivision(fire partition), evacuation by elevator, secure useful waiting space of elevator hall and smokeproof enclosures, the corridor is divided by fire or smoke barriers corridor from hazardous room, only wheeled items are arranged in corridors of a ward story. The result of computer simulation for suggested guidelines verify that egress time can be decreased 20% or above.

The goal to establish one multipurpose senior center in one district of Seoul city has been nearly completed. However, since it is behind the schedule by about 6 years, nearly all senior centers are saturated currently. Therefore, additional foundation plan of senior centers is in progress. Also, the main function of the center has changed from health and leisure to various welfare programs that the elderly living in a community need. In order to supplement these problems, many existing senior centers are using center to the most through addition and change of rooms. To establish the direction of spatial plan at establishing senior centers according to the regional characteristics, 20 cases of Seoul multipurpose senior centers in operation were site surveyed and the results of spatial features by types established and changed corresponding to each condition were suggested as follows: 1. The types were classified according to the shape of floor plan, sectional planning, entry traffic line, linkage with attached facilities and addition method etc. by the characteristics of the elderly in multipurpose senior centers, program operation, linkage of spatial composition by the function, positional relation between centers, management and operation method, and center complication method etc. and the respective features were suggested. 2. By analyzing the gross floor area and the area of each room of senior centers, the features of area by types and the features of area by each detailed center were suggested.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of healing environments of the wards in women's hospitals. A evaluation checklist of the healing environment was applied to seven women's hospitals that have constructed or remodeled since 2000. The findings indicate that the comfort was well considered in most spaces, while the privacy and the nature-friendliness were insufficient. The lacks of balconies, terraces, landscapes, and water spaces for the nature-friendliness were also problematic. Among the patients' room, corridor, and patients' lounge, the lounge was the most negative in terms of healing environments. In order to improve the patients' privacy, soundproofing materials and buffer zones in the lounge should be considered. The future study needs to develop advanced survey and interview methodologies in order to support the relevant results.

The purpose of this study was to propose a plan of Information Resource Center(IRC) with various multimedia and Internet materials applicable in class for 'K' Elementary School in Daejeon. As for research methods, this study reviewed the basic directions and characteristics of Information Resource Center(IRC) defined by the Ministry of Education and Human Development, and literature from various sources. Standards for the Information Resource Center(IRC) were suggested, a plan was proposed according to them. Ultimately, a plan with stable and flexible layout and flow lines, facilities and spaces within the Information Resource Center(IRC) was established and executed. The basic functions of Information Resource Center(IRC) were information, reading, consultation, graphic production. The spaces suggested in this study for the Information Resource Center(IRC) for elementary school were space for the literature information, information search, A/V information, studying, browsing, reading. This results will support teacher's teaching with various multimedia and Internet materials applicable in class, help student's self directed learning activity, and play its role as a cultural center of the local community.

Renzo Piano was first introduced to us when he got together with Richard Rogers and won the Grand Prize on Center George Pompidou Competition in Paris. Since then, he designed number of world renowned museum architecture such as Menil Collection & Museum, The Cy Twombly Gallery, Beyeler Foundation Museum, and most recently the New Pavilion of High Museum of Art. His museum design, in particular, showed very consistent feature which is differentiating the 'Served Space(exhibition area) and the Servant Space(service core or mechanical system area)'. In addition, the way he treats natural light as a special feature within his museum space was nicely done and it is remarkable both in design and engineering side; he always designed a very unique roof structure system to give life and to simulate emotion of light within the space. These are just a few points of his special design characteristics which differentiate him from the rest of the architect working today. While interested by works of Renzo Piano, we found that his work had very close relationship to Louis I. Kahn's design. Specially the way Renzo Piano differentiating serving and servant space and the way he treating natural light. Therefore, the purpose of study is focused on providing typology of museum exhibition organization as well as finding evidence of Louis I. Kahn's influence and concept he has shown in his museum projects through actual site visits and reference research. The method of research was as the following; first to find typology and its characteristics of exhibition space organization of all Renzo Piano's museum projects. Secondly to distinguish projects which show 'differentiated servant and served space'. As the result of this study, it was clear that Renzo Piano had influence of Louis I. Kahn on adopting 'Servant and Served Space' concept. But the research concluded with the facts to approve the uniqueness of Renzo Piane's design concept.

The museum has steadily been evolved by time with its function and social idea differently. As the museum makes its evolution, its architecture has also been changed. This study aims to find out the characteristics of museum architecture by applying Space Syntax for space correspondence of museum architecture changed by the time. And the characteristics could be used as project guide by making data for building up museum architecture changed by social concept with efficient and functional system. The method of the study is to divide the museum into three generations, and give case for each generation. And the each chosen case was analyzed by convex space of space syntax. The order of the analysis is to divide the case as the unit space, make out the Convex Map. And finally get the analysis variable by carrying out a mathematical operation. The characteristics found in these operations are as follows. First, the major space has been planed for convenience of spectators. Second, exhibition space located on specific area in entire plot planning makes spectators easy to recognize in terms of the line of flow toward exhibition space and also relieves character of major and exhibition space. Third, it is getting hard to comprehend the entire space as forming diverse space in process that museum accepts many request from spectators.

This study started from the premise that the satisfaction of visitors in large-scaled design-related fair has co-relation with the environmental and contextual factors such as contents, lighting, the number and location of rest area, crowdedness, ventilation and circulation. The research was made in Seoul Living Design Fair 2005. 102 samples from 132 who answered to the questionnaire with likert-scaled and open questions were selected for the data, which were statistically analyzed through SPSS 12.0 program to explore the co-relation between the environmental factors and the satisfaction level of visitors. The findings showed that overall satisfaction level was in the middle of the scale, which means satisfied nor unsatisfied. The visitors showed relatively high satisfaction in the two factors-the contents of the fair and lighting system compared to the other factors such as the number and location of rest area, sign system, ventilation crowdedness and circulation. Even though the visitors had difficulties in circulation and showed various types in circulation, it did not seem to have a significant influence on the overall satisfaction level because it might be offset by the contents of the fair. Also, the visitors showed similar satisfaction level regardless of the type of circulation. It can be concluded that the main factors mentioned above should be considered to achieve higher satisfaction level and provide better environment in the large-scaled fair.

Traditionally exhibition design as been restricted to architectural, interior, and lighting design, but recently it has begun to overlap into environmental, performance, and installation art. Exhibition design also increasingly involves the application of film, fashion, and the new media. In the past, exhibits were arranged and displayed for the visitor to view directly, but with the development of more effective exhibit media a connection has been created between the exhibit and the visitor. However exhibition design has reached the limits of continuous growth without background theory, when now it must take Into consideration the museum's activation and the importance of the exhibition's design. Exhibition design has developed and grown rapidly since the Taejeon Expo in 1993, but it is a difficult development without a theoretical structure. The flow of exhibition design must be systemized, as the systemization of the transition process of exhibition design has not yet been achieved. This study aims to present an arrangement of exhibition design flow, and to investigate the variation factors in the transition process of exhibition design and exhibit medium development, based on the 18 year history of the Independence Hall that introduced the first systematic planning of an exhibition in 1987.

Recently our country highly evaluate cultural value of modern construction. Before and after Japanese imperial period, diplomatic equipment, commerce equipment and brand-new modern construction of Japan and Western came into our country coercively. Especially, modern construction placed in center of the city, as previously stated, was a construction field of historical disgrace. So it leaves alone or transforms to high technology because of well located. Selctive reception of the past makes difficult to know about rightful modem, furthermore it is difficult to expect rightful future. Accordingly, I write this. paper for the purpose of presenting the space application blueprint of 'Jung Myung Jeon' of modern construction designated as the cultural properties in Seoul. According to the project, 'Jung Myung Jeon' will do a role as the keyword which is important connects a past and a present time it presents. Then modern construction 'Jung Myung Jeon' which has a culture value will develop continuous with the city.

Fitness center which was first introduced through hotel fitness has been disseminated into country over the years and these days it becomes a public sports facility that is available even in a small city. Fitness center usually requires a space more than 500 pyeong and even in a small fitness facility at least 200-300 pyung is in need. Also, complex structure including a space for preparing exercise and other subsidiary facility is necessary as well as various service areas to perform various exercise programs. In case of domestic fitness centers, however, proper standard and data required to compute the scale of each service area is not available due to the short of piling data. Therefore computing each space totally depends on an instinct decision of a designer or client, which may cause the fail of effective use of space. This paper aims to calculate appropriate use of space, that is, the over all space, equipment size, and movement line of each area as well as preference and frequence of use among areas is estimated in order to apply those data when computing appropriate estimation of scale.

This study was begun on the premise that architecture which has the definite disposition for survival even in the urban, social structure of that uncertainty and constructs specialty is biomorphic architecture. This study was made with the following four specific purposes largely. First, through the theoretical investigation of biomorphic architecture that appears in the tendency that mordern architecture develops into the architecture of do-stereotype and new form, its meaning and definition are examined. Second, the analysis of biomorphic architecture is investigated and the generation causes are applied architecturally and generate biomorphic architecture is made. Third, by analyzing the material expression characteristics of biomorphic architecture, the meaning and possibility of architecture, which expresses the vitality of organism, as the material expression characteristics of biomorphic architecture, are investigated. The material expression characteristics was deduced through the generation background of biomorphic architecture. The material expression characteristics of biomorphic architecture is the various modeling by smart-network and the response system of sensitivity poly-logue.

The purpose of this study is to figure out the profiles of eco-friendly finishing materials and intoner products through content analysis on the advertisements of three domestic interior design magazines, which have been published for 4 years since 2002. The amount of advertisements has been continuously increasing due to the public concerns on well-being. Finishing material types absolutely took the greatest proportion (92.8%), while products such as furniture and household equipments were only 7.2% among the advertisements. Charcoal, natural jade, yellow soil and nano-silver were the frequently mentioned health-related components in the finishing material. Only 35.7% of the finishing materials hold certification on indoor air quality. Among the interior products, phytonchid in air cleaner was the only advertised component related to health. In conclusion, controlling pollutants of indoor air quality, such as HCHO, VOC, seems to be the big issue in both materials and products due to the concern of Sick Building Syndrome. However, more scientific and objective guidelines are necessary for consumers to live in healthy interior environment.

Digital simulation which was introduced to the architectural field due to the rapid growth of computer graphics, gave birth to a new type of contents called 'virtual reality', led by the interaction with the users and real time processing. The public attention is drawn to the virtual reality's potential as a next generational space simulation it, having the unique characteristics of 'simulation', 'interactivity', 'tole-presence', and 'immersion', is capable of taking a virtual tour of a space with a size equivalent to that of a real space, as well as proceeding with the design progress. Nonetheless, many problems impeding CPU's real time processing of an excessively loaded architectural model data have been pinpointed over the time. Yet such GPU based game engines as 'DirectX' and 'OpenGL', developed to deal with these impediments, have not been easily applied to the architectural simulation in the design process, due to the high license cost and the specific technical requirements for the system. The virtual reality has been developed and distributed centering around the gaming field, and game developers recently show a greater tendency to include level editors in the package for the expandability purpose. Thus, we plan to propose architecture simulation which utilizes level editors in this study. In addition, the compatibility of the game engine based level editors of Quake and Unreal which form the standards for the open source FPS games, based on VRML, the standard format for the virtual reality, was compared and analyzed. Taking the example of Villa Savoye of Le Corbusier, its application possibility as an architecture simulation was assessed, by measuring the extent to which the performance of such characteristic features of the virtual reality as interactivity, immersion, and tele-presence, was improved.