The optical activity of a fluid in the extreme critical region, where the Ornstein-Zernike theory does not hold, is explicitly obtained. We suggest new experimental methods to measure the critical exponent for correlation function by using the results of circular dichroism and optical rotation given in this paper.

The kinetic study on the bromine-exchange reaction of antimony tribromide with ${\alpha}$-phenylethyl bromide in nitrobenzene has been carried out, using Br-82 labelled antimony tribromide. The results show that the exchange reaction is first order with respect to ${\alpha}$-phenylethyl bromide, and either second or first order with respect to antimony tribromide depending on its concentration. It is also concluded that ${\alpha}$-phenylethyl bromide exchanges bromine atom with antimony tribromide much faster than other organic bromides previously examined. Reaction mechanisms for the exchange reaction are discussed.

A series of copolymer membranes of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) with selected hydrophobic monomers were prepared without crosslinking agents. The equilibrium water content, the partition coefficient, and the permeability of the solutes such as urea, methylurea, 1,3-di-methylurea, and acetamide via these membranes were measured. The partition coefficient data show that as the hydrophobicity of solutes increased, the partition of solutes were dictated by hydrophobic interaction between solute and polymer matrix. Diffusion coefficients obtained in these experiments decrease as the water content of polymer membrane decreases. This decrease is blunt as the excess heat capacities, ${\phi}C^0_p$ (excess) in aqueous solution at infinite dilution of solute increases. To investigate the relationship between water content and diffusion coefficient, the results of the diffusion experiments were examined in light of a free-volume model of diffusive transport. The remarkable increase of urea mobility in the polymer network containing relatively larger bulk water can be considered as water structure breaking effect.

Four types of the phase diagrams indicating the partial miscibilities in polymer-polymer or polymer-solvent systems have been explained in terms of the extended Flory-Huggins lattice theory. In this article, the term $kT_{\chi}$ in the theory is expressed as a function of temperature. Using such $a_{\chi}$-parameter, the simplest forms of geometrical conditions are derived for each type of the four partial miscibilities in polymer systems. The calculated partial miscibilities are in good agreement with the experiment.

A new flexible $N_2O_2$-type tetradentate ligand, ethylene-diamine-N,N'-di-${\alpha}$-butyric acid (eddb), has been synthesized, and a series of cobalt (III) complexes of eddb, $[Co(edda)(L)]^{n+}$ (L = $Cl_2$, $(H_2O)_2$, $Cl\;H_2O$, and $Co^2_3$), have been prepared. Only s-cis isomers have been yielded during the preparation of complexes. Ring strain is cited as the primary cause for the preference for the s-cis geometric configuration.

Hydroxylation of anisole with $H_2O_2$ was investigated by employing Fe(III) ion and N-dodecyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzamide (DDHB) as a catalyst. The study was aimed at obtaining an insoluble catalyst with a long catalytic life, in view of the inactivation of the catechol portion of the catalyst during the reaction. The rate of decomposition of $H_2O_2$ under various conditions indicated that the reaction proceeds through the catalytic participation of $Fe(III){\cdot}DDHB$. Yield of the hydroxylation products under various conditions revealed that $Fe(III){\cdot}DDHB$ is not inactivated during the reaction.

N-Arylation reaction of nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as pyridine, nicotinamide and 4,4'-bipyridine was studied. We prepared N-2,4-dinitrophenyl derivatives initially by reacting the above heterocycles with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene in ethanol, and then treated the N-2,4-dinitrophenylated heterocycles with various aniline derivatives, $XC_6H_4NH_2$(X = -H, p-$CH_3$, p-$C_2H_5$, p-Cl, p-CN, p-OH, p-$OCH_3$, o-Cl, m-$CH_3$) to yield the corresponding N-arylated compounds in fairly good yields. $H^1$-nmr patterns and peak assignments of the N-arylated products were described.

The effect of anionic polyelectrolytes, poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and poly(vinylsulfonate) (PVS), on the charge transfer complexing between indole derivatives and methyl viologen($MV^{++}$) cation was investigated. The results were compared with effect of NaCl and an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). Both PSS and PVS enhanced the complex formation of neutral species (indole and indole acetate at low pH), zwitter ionic tryptophan, and positively charged tryptamine and tryptophan at low pH with $MV^{++}$. This result was attributed to the contribution of hydrophobic interaction, in addition to electrostatic interaction. The enhancing effect of PSS was much higher than that of PVS reflecting the higher hydrophobicity of PSS. The interaction between indole acetate anion and $MV^{++}$ was greatly reduced by addition of PVS and PSS. The higher charge density of PVS was appeared as greater reducing effect indicating the importance of electrostatic force in this case. In all cases, the effect of polyelectrolytes showed maxima, and further addition of PVS and PSS decreased the effect. This behavior was explained in terms of distribution of indole derivatives and $MV^{++}$ in domain of polyanions. The complex formation constants and molar absorptivities of complexes were determined, and the values were compared with those in water and SDS solutions.

Spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods of analysis were conducted in dilute aqueous solutions of methylene blue and tetraphenylborate. The formation of double ion-pair was confirmed and its overall formation constant, ${\Delta}H^{\circ}$, and ${\Delta}S^{\circ}$ were obtained. The irradiation with wavelengths over visible region resulted in bleaching the mixed solution. The bleaching reaction was also proceeded at $55^{\circ}C$. The reactions of the double ion-pair were briefly discussed.

A diacetylene compound, 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiyne, was photolyzed with 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, 1,4-cyclohexadiene, dimethyl fumarate, and methyl crotonate, as a model reaction of the phototoxic conjugated polyynes with DNA or RNA and [2 + 2] photocycloadducts were obtained except for 1,4-cyclohexadiene. In the photoreaction of 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiyne with 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, a [2 + 2 + 2] photoadduct was additionally obtained. The photolysis of 1,4-di-t-buyl-1,3-butadiyne with 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene also yielded a [2 + 2] photoadduct. Fluorescence was observed from all the photoadducts while the reactants did not show any fluorescence.

The dipole moment derivatives of $NH_3$ are reexamined based on our recent intensity data. We have resolved the previous contradiction in the proper signs for the dipole moment derivatives of this molecule.

Nucleophilic substitution reaction of dansyl chloride with anilines in various solvents have been investigated. The Bronsted ${\beta}$ and Hammett ${\rho}_N$ values indicated that the bond formation is advanced more than the bond breaking at the transition state. Solvatochromic correlations also predicted the importance of bond formation at the TS, showing a greater contribution of polarity (${\pi}^{\ast}$) compared to hydrogen bond donor acidity (${\alpha}$). The effect of solvent on rate was found to violate the reactivity-selectivity principle.

The fluorescence emission of polystyrene-acrylic acid copolymers containing $Eu^{3+}$ in tetrahydrofuran solution was investigated by spectrofluorimetry. The excimer emission increased linearly with the polymer concentration up to approximately $5{\times}10^{-3}$M. Benzene and toluene collisionally quenched the excimer fluorescence and thier rate constants of quenching were determined. Quenching efficiencies decreased in the order: naphthalene > toluene > benzene. Analyses of Rayleigh scattering and europium emission showed no measurable structural changes observed under the experimental conditions.

The pairing properties of electronic structure are investigated from ab initioists' point of view. Numerical results of exact ab initio effective valence shell Hamiltonian are compared with simple semiempirical Hamiltonian calculations. In the oxygen atom case it was found that effective three-electron interaction terms break the similarity between electron-states and hole-states. With the trans-butadiene as an example the pairing theorem was studied. Even for alternant hydrocarbons, the deviation from the pairing was found to be enormous. The pairing theorem, which is usually stated for semiempirical Hamiltonians, is not valid when the exact effective Hamiltonian is considered. The present study indicates that comparisons between the pairing theorem of semiempirical methods and ab initio effective Hamiltonian give important information on the accuracy of semiempirical methods.