In this work we have studied the multilayer stepwise adsorption of gases on solid adsorbents based on the previously developed theory. It is shown that stepwise adsorption isotherms emerge from our theory if an ad hoc adsorption regarding the degree of occupation for each successive layer is abolished and the effect of lateral intermolecular interactions among adsorbate molecules is included. In addition to these the effect of vertical interactions has also been taken into consideration. It seems that the vertical interaction plays a role in deciding the shape and the position of steps in resulting isotherms. It is evident from this research that it is the lateral interaction that is responsible for stepwise adsorption as long as the adsorbent surface is uniform and temperature is sufficiently low.

Dynamic and equilibrium structures of a polymer chain immersed in solvent molecules have been investigated by a molecular dynamic method. The calculation employs the Lennard-Jones potential function to represent the interactions between two solvent molecules (SS) and between a constituent particle (monomer unit) of the polymer chain and a solvent molecule (CS) as well as between two non-nearest neighbor constituent particles of the polymer chain (CC), while the chemical bond for nearest neighbor constituent particles was chosen to follow a harmonic oscillator potential law. The correlation function for the SS, CS and CC pairs, the end-to-end distance square and the radius of gyration square were calculated by varying the chain length (= 5, 10, 15, 20). The computed end-to-end distance square and the radius of gyration square were found to be in a fairly good agreement with the corresponding results from the random-flight model. Unlike earlier works, the present simulation rsesult shows that the autocorrelation function of radius of gyration square decays slower than that of the end-to-end distance square.

A study of small water clusters composed of two to seven molecules has been performed by using the revised empirical potential function for conformational analysis (REPFCA). Various structures of clusters have been investigated and the relative probability of cluster per molecule is discussed. In general, cyclic structures of water clusters are more favorable than open structures. It is found that cyclic pentamer is the most favorable unit structure in the water cluster.

The rate of the bromine-exchange reaction of antimony tribromide with benzyl bromide in nitrobenzene or 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene has been measured, using Br-82 labelled antimony tribromide. The result of the study indicates that the exchange reaction is first order with respect to benzyl bromide, and either second or first order with respect to antimony tribromide depending on its concentrations. The second-order kinetics with respect to antimony tribromide have been observed at relatively high $[SbBr_3]$ concentrations, and the first-order kinetics at lower $[SbBr_3]$ concentrations. Reaction mechanisms are proposed for the exchange reaction.

In relation to denaturation of proteins, thermally induced conformational change of poly(D-glutamic acid) was studied in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) at low pH, where poly(D-glutamic acid) undergoes a helix-to-${\beta}$ transition without any other polymer. In a dilute solution, poly(vinyl alcohol) enhanced the ${\alpah}-to-{\beta}_1$ transition of poly(D-glutamic acid) due to intermolecular interaction between the two polymers. On the other hand, this conformational change was interrupted to a large extent in a concentrated solution, due to the interpenetration of poly(vinyl alcohol) chain into poly(D-glutamic acid) chain which prevented the intramolecular association of poly(D-glutamic acid) chain. A conformational change from ${\beta}_1\;to\;{\beta}_2$ of poly(D-glutamic acid) was observed for the films obtained by casting during annealing the mixture solutions. The ${\beta}_2$ content in the cast film increased with increasing poly(vinyl alcohol) content in the mixture.

The question of the bicyclohomoaromatic stabilization and destabilization is examined. The chemistry of bicyclo(3.2.1)octa-3,6-dienide anion has been studied on order to test these concepts. The bicyclooctadienide anion is shown to be stable delocalized ion which undergoes a facile proton-deuterium exchange reaction. The solvolysis of bicyclo(3.2.1)octa-3,6-dienyl p-nitrobenzoate is much slower than the monoene analog. We have made direct observation of the bicyclooctadienyl and octenyl cations by $^{19}F$-nmr spectroscopy, and were able to demonstrate that the bicyclooctadienyl cation was bishomoantiaromatic.

Synthetic utility of 1-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (FTNB) as a condensing agent was investigated. The use of FTNB and DMAP was found to be very effective for direct esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols or thiols. However, this system was not very effective for macrolactonization. Reaction of 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl esters with several nucleophiles was investigated briefly. Plausible reaction mechanisms of esterification are presented. It seems that the reaction proceeds via the intermediacy of 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl esters by initial formation of 2',4',6'-trinitrophenyl-4-dimethylaminopyridinium salt from which the trinitrophenyl group is transferred to the carboxylic acid.

Ethanolic tetracarbonylhydridoferrate solution combined with glutaraldehyde is a very effective reducing agent for the selective transformation of two moles of secondary amines into pentane-1,5-diamine derivatives. A variety of aliphatic secondary amines react with ferrate-glutaraldehyde at room temperature under carbon monoxide to give the corresponding N-substituted pentane-1,5-diamines in reasonable yields.

Lithium n-butylborohydride generated from n-butyllithium and borane-dimethyl sulfide complex in equimolar ratio in toluene-n-hexane is exceedingly effective for selective 1,2 reductions of enones.