The purpose of this study was to examine the scope of work of femergency medical technician who can directly affect the resuscitation of emergency patients at the pre-hospital stage. As a result of the main study, the overall level of the subjects' work scope expansion averaged 3.34points(out of 5points), and among the items, 'The scope of work of emergency medical personnel should be expanded by revising the Act on emergency medical cars' was the highest. As for the difference in the expansion of the scope of work of paramedics by position, 'The current telemedicine guidance system is inconvenient to use' was the highest for emergency medical technicians, and there was a statistically significant difference(p<.01). Based on this study, it is believed that repeated studies are needed to establish and generalize the scope of work of paramedics.

Traditional cars have a structure that steers the front wheels to change their direction so they have difficulties in performing parking motion, especially in a narrow space. As electric vehicles developed, robotics technology especially omni-directional mobile robot technology began to be incorporated into the automobile field. Omni-directional mobility and special turning movements are particularly useful for parking cars. In this paper, we propose a four-wheeled mobile robot. The proposed robot has a structure that can combine or separate robot body and robot wheel parts by using electric brakes. The proposed robot has omni-directional mobility and has the ability to rotate around an arbitrary point. Due to these omnidirectional and rotational characteristics, the proposed robot allows for various types of movements when applied to a car. In particular, parking is performed in a simple and intuitive manner that does not require complicated path planning. We implemented the proposed four-wheeled robot and showed its effectiveness by conducting several parking experiments.

According to recent data from the Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA), the frequency of typhoons around the Korea Peninsula is almost unchanged, but the intensity is on the rise due to climate change. A typhoon that has become so powerful can cause partial or complete damage to the traffic signal structures, limiting the operation of the vehicle and causing traffic congestion. If the traffic signal structure fails to function properly due to the influence of the typhoon, not only the v ehicle operation will be disrupted, but also direct damage to the traffic signal structure will occur. In addition, if the social overhead cost of traffic congestion is included, the recovery cost caused by the typhoon will increase to an extent that it is difficult to estimate. Therefore, in this study, a wind tunnel experiment was performed by producing a wind tunnel model of an existing fixed traffic signal structure and a traffic signal structure in which signs and traffic lights are hinged. Also, The fixed and hinge structures were modeled as 3D finite elements, and wind-resistant analysis was performed by wind speed, and, wind-resistant safety of traffic signal structures were analyzed and examined through wind-resistant analyses. From the comparative analysis of the results of experiment and FE analysis, it was known that the stress reduction rate of the hinge connection structure was at least 30% compared to that of the fixed connection structure from the results of the wind tunnel experiment and FE analysis. And As a result of finite element analysis for the maximum design wind speed of 50m/s, it was found that the maximum stress generated in the existing structure exceeded all the yield stress, but the maximum stress of the hinge connection structure was within the yield stress. Finally The hinge connection structure showed a relatively large stress reduction rate as the wind speed increased and the length of the lateral beam was shorter at the same wind speed.

This study is about improving the welfare of firefighters, which has not been conducted in depth in previous studies. The overall level of welfare for firefighters was found to be 2.87 points on average (out of 5). Among the welfare status items, the most common answer was, 'Many firefighters may have post-traumatic stress disorder, even though they have not been diagnosed by a hospital.' The higher the rank and length of service, the higher the welfare status, and a statistically significant difference was confirmed (p(.01). In this study, the survey subjects were limited to some firefighters. We believe that these samples have limitations in generalizing the results of the study. However, the study is considered to be fruitful in that it identified the welfare status of some firefighters and confirmed their needs. I hope that the overall welfare of firefighters will be improved through periodic follow-up studies in the future.

This study analyzed factors that influence the welfare awareness level of paramedics. Paramedics are professionals responsible for the health and safety of the public, and their welfare is a factor that enables them to carry out their duties smoothly. The study results showed that the overall level of welfare awareness was analyzed to be very low at 2.80 points. We also found that there were gender and class differences in some areas. One notable point is the item 'In the event of a lawsuit or other complaint or accident during a call, the fire department responds adequately for me.' which received the lowest score of 2.22 point. I hope that in the future, fire departments will implement policy measures to protect emergency personnel from complaints and reduce the stress they experience when dispatched to disaster areas. Based on the results of this study, I hope that follow-up researchers will conduct a comparative analysis of the level of welfare awareness among various factors.

The COVID-19 pandemic poses a serious threat to health and safety worldwide, significantly adding to the work burden of fire officials. Fire officials experience high levels of physical and mental pressure in various situations, and such stress can lead to psychological exhaustion. The goal of this study is to investigate the level of psychological exhaustion among fire officials according to gender, age, and years of service and specific roles. In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted on fire officials in various regions of Korea, and the degree of psychological exhaustion by position was analyzed. The results indicated a difference in the level of psychological exhaustion across different roles, such as fire suppression, rescue, and emergency services. In particular, paramedics exhibited higher levels of psychological exhaustion compared to those in rescue, fire suppression, and administrative roles. This study contributes to identifying specific measures to improve the mental health of fire officials and emphasizes the need for differentiated stress management and support programs tailored to each role. Based on the results, this research provides foundational data to address the mental health issues of fire officials and will contribute to future research and policy development.

In this paper, a tension control system is developed to control temperature deviation due to tension fluctuations in a continuous sterilizer. The fluid flow in the sterilizer is expressed by conservation equations, and the tension control system is modeled using the mass flow rate between two transfer rolls. We analyze the elastic and shear deformation of the internal chain in the sterilizer. As a result of the tension control simulation, it is seen that the tension is recovered about 0.3 sec after the tension deviation. Using a experimental test, we show that the average temperature is similar, but the temperature deviation is improved from 3.1℃ to 1.2℃.

This study targeted 15,580 Korean adults aged 40 or older from the 2019-2022 KNHA-NES and aimed to confirm neck circumference criteria for identifying overweight and obesity according to BMI standards using the reportROC package. Pearson's correlation coefficients indicated a strong positive association between neck circumference and BMI in both male (r=0.802, p<0.001) and female (r=0.762, p<0.001). The ROC analysis results to determine the neck circumference cutoff levels for overweight according to BMI (≥23.0 kg/m² ) were 37.1 cm (AUC=0.890, accuracy=0.808) for male and 32.5 cm for female (AUC=0.863, accuracy=0.776). Neck circumference 37.8 cm (AUC=0.879, accuracy=0.784) for male and 33.1 cm (AUC=0.873, accuracy=0.786) for female were the best cutoff levels for determining the subjects with obesity by BMI (≥25.0 kg/m² ). This study proposed a cutoff levels for neck circumference that can be used in screening tests to determine overweight and obesity, and for clinical use, additional research is needed to exclude factors affecting neck circumference.

As the lack of management for HAZMAT transportation leads to fatal accidents, the interest in the problem is rapidly increasing in the world. Thus UN-RTDG recommends to establish regulations for HAZMAT transportation, and related ministries in Korea make rules and policies according to the regulations. However, there are few researches carried out on railway HAZMAT transportation. In this paper, issues such as present condition of laws and policies related to railway HAZMAT transportation, HAZMAT transportation procedure and regulations, HAZMAT signs of railway etc. are analyzed. Through analyzing these issues the problems and improvements of railway HAZMAT transportation are drawn. These results are respected to help to establish regulations and policies for HAZMAT transportation management. In the future, more detailed plan is needed for putting these improvements to practices.

Evaluating the adequacy of facility safety inspection and diagnosis services performed by private enterprises is a time-consuming and administratively complex process. This study aims to analyze the determinants that could influence the rating of these safety inspection and diagnosis services using data analytics approach. Through a comparative analysis of several machine learning algorithms suitable for multi-class classification, we selected the model with the best performance (Random Forest) and identified the main determinants using the permutation importance technique. Among the variables examined, "contract value," "days of service performed" and "adherence to fair market value" were found to be strongly correlated with the rating assessments. Furthermore, we discovered that the skills and expertise of service performing personnel significantly impacted the rating. The results of this study can contribute to the enhancement of the current post-evaluation administrative processes and offer valuable insights into rating assessments by incorporating previously unexplored variables pertaining to both service providers and the services itself.

This study aims to classify the types of financial super apps and analyzes their evolution and growth paths by type. Super apps, which provide various services on a single platform, are gaining attention as a key strategy for digital transformation in the financial sector. By adopting the grounded theory methodology, this research has categorized financial super apps into three types: "lifestyle financial super app", "integrated financial super app", and "universal financial super app". Ansoff Matrix was used as a theoretical framework to understand how each type of super app grew and evolved through various strategies. Our analysis revealed that super apps of each type grew using a different mix of 'market penetration', 'product development', 'mark et development', and 'diversification' strategies, with each mix showcasing a distinct evolutionary path. The findings of this study are expected to enhance understanding of financial super app typology and evolutionary trajectories, contributing to the development of practical strategies, such as channel optimization for financial super apps in the future.

Identification of potential technology convergence opportunities is crucial to drive innovation and growth in modern enterprises. In this study, we proposed a framework to explore technological convergence opportunities based on CPC code sequences from patents by utilizing the BERT model. We relied on the BERT architecture to train a new model using about 1.3 million patents registered at the Korean Intellectual Property Office, and achieved an accuracy of approximately 73% based on HitRate@10 metric. A case study using patents related to wearable technologies was conducted to demonstrate practicability and effectiveness of the proposed framework. The key contributions of this research include: (1) enabling in-depth analysis that takes into account the complex interactions between CPC codes and contextual variability; (2) enabling the exploration of diverse technology convergence scenarios beyond simple sequential patterns. This study is one of the first studies to apply the BERT model for exploring technology convergence opportunities, and is expected to contribute to the establishment of technology innovation and R&D strategies by providing a more accurate and practical tool for enhancing the speed and efficiency of technology opportunity-related decision-making processes.

This study analyzes the effects of the parasitic capacitance of the SiC MOSFET used in the Dual Active Bridge ( DAB) converter and proposes a method for calculating the leakage inductance of the transformer. The DAB converter employs high-frequency switching to achieve high efficiency, high power density, and reliability. MOSFETs possess parasitic capacitance, which induces resonance with the leakage inductance of the transformer during switching operations, resulting in a voltage change delay. This paper discusses the effect of the delay of voltage changes on the DAB converter output and proposes a method to calculate the delay time. This method aims to equalize the delay time to minimize this effect and enhance the accuracy of the leakage inductance calculation of the transformer. The proposed method is validated through experiments and simulations.

This paper considers the simulation-based installation and operation safety analysis of installation and operation machinery of USBL as underwater equipment in operation environments. The simulation model of this mechanical system was developed using flexible multibody dynamics simulation technology. Operation and environmental conditions were applied using dynamic forces model considering ocean environments. The developed simulation model was used to evaluate operation safety through eigenvalue analysis, dynamic forces analysis, and structural analysis. As the analysis results, the operation safety was very low in extreme operation condition due to increase of dynamic loads by VIV effect. It was not a problem because safety factor had more than 2.0 in this case. However, the operation safety should be further strengthened because the USBL and LARS was installed and utilized in unmanned vessel with automatic controls. In order to improve safety by avoiding VIV frequency, we redesigned the USBL pole.

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors affecting adults' confidence in performing CPR. As for the research method, a survey was conducted from August to October 2022, and 146152 subjects were. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS 24.0 program. Factors influencing confidence in performing CPR were gender, age, education level, economic activity, smoking or not, drinking or not, subjective health status, marital status, CPR education experience, and accident addiction experience. It is hoped that this will be used as basic data for the development of related education programs to increase CPR performance and to provide a theoretical basis for the appropriate CPR education method for adults by grasping the effect of the degree of CPR education on their performance confidence.

As the global elderly population rapidly increases, the mental health of the elderly, particularly depression, has emerged as a significant social issue. This study analyzes the various factors influencing depression in the elderly based on the ICF model. Utilizing data from the Korea Welfare Panel Study, the study identifies the types of changes in depression among individuals aged 65 and older and examines the factors influencing these changes. This longitudinal secondary data analysis research uses the most recent three years of data (2021-2023) from the Korea Welfare Panel. The study sample consisted of 965 elderly individuals, and a latent class growth model was applied to identify the types of depression changes, while a multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the influencing factors. The analysis revealed that elderly depression could be categorized into four types: high-level decrease, high-level maintenance, low-level increase, and low-level maintenance. Main influencing factors included gender, age, education, poverty, social trust, social relationships, participation in economic activities, participation in religious activities, and health status. Particularly, social relationships and health status were significant factors affecting the types of depression changes. To mitigate depression in the elderly, a multifaceted approach considering both individual characteristics and social relationships and health status is required. The study suggests the development of community-based programs and trust-building activities at the community level to maintain and strengthen the social relationships of the elderly. These findings can serve as important foundational data for policies and practices aimed at improving the mental health of the elderly.

Dependence of dynamic fracture path on loading velocity was observed from experimental results based on the three point bending fracture in cast iron. In this study, 3D and 2D numerical simulations are used to evaluate singular stress fields near crack tip and fracture mechanics parameters. Moving finite element technique, 2D and 3D Delauney automatic mesh generation and contact-noncontact evaluation is introduced into the numerical method. Dynamic fracture thoughness is decreased with increase of impact loading velocity. Fracture mode-ratio corresponds to initial kink angle of fracture path. The numerical result shows that the maximum hoop stress criterion cannot be applied to dynamic fracture of cast iron.

In recent years, there has been a growing focus on preserving the global environment and utilizing resources efficiently. The significance of energy conservation has led to the development of systems that recycle waste heat from factories and use eco-friendly refrigerants. This study aims to enhance the performance of adsorption-desorption systems using thermoelectric devices, which are known for their ability to convert temperature differences into electrical energy. The research focuses on improving the efficiency of these systems by integrating thermoelectric modules to cool the adsorption side and heat the desorption side, thus enhancing overall system performance. The experiments utilized a typical thermoelectric device and silica gel as the adsorbent. Key experimental parameters included varying the inlet air temperature and relative humidity on the desorption side. The results indicated that increasing the relative humidity of the inlet air on the desorption side significantly enhanced the overall mass transfer coefficient while reducing the completion time of the process. Similarly, higher inlet air temperatures led to an increase in the mass transfer coefficient and a decrease in process completion time. These findings suggest that optimizing the operational conditions of thermoelectric devices can substantially improve the performance of adsorption-desorption systems, offering potential benefits for applications in ventilation systems and other related fields.

This study is based on research on a magnetic induction amplification power generation system using quantum fluctuations, and aims to confirm the similarity to the meissner effect through quantum analysis using magnets and suggest the possibility of utilizing alternative energy. Research was conducted on increasing the efficiency of motors based on the similarity between magnetic quantum array experimental devices and the superconductor phenomenon. It was confirmed that the experimental device that arranged the quantum of magnetism rotated by canceling out the magnetism by having a resistance value of "0", which is not a general characteristic of magnetism that generates attractive force. This is an observation of the similarity between the superconductor phenomenon and the meissner effect, and it was confirmed that material synthesis or temperature had little effect. This study confirmed that the efficiency is more than 20 times that of existing power on average. Therefore, this study suggests that there is a possibility of commercialization of an Energy Harvesting System (EHS) that can produce and store energy.

Recent deep learning algorithms for object detection in real-time play a crucial role in various applications such as autonomous driving, traffic monitoring, health care, and water quality monitoring. The size of small objects, in particular, significantly impacts the accuracy of detection models. However, data containing small objects can lead to underfitting issues in models. Therefore, this study developed a deep learning model capable of quickly detecting small objects to provide more accurate predictions. The RE-SOD (Residual block based Small Object Detector) developed in this research enhances the detection performance for small objects by using RGB separation preprocessing and residual blocks. The model achieved an accuracy of 1.0 in image classification and an mAP50-95 score of 0.944 in object detection. The performance of this model was validated by comparing it with real-time detection models such as YOLOv5, YOLOv7, and YOLOv8.

In this study, technology development was promoted to enable the convergence of augmented reality technology and actual drone operation technology, and its feasibility was confirmed through implementation and performance evaluation. In addition, it is believed that the AR-based drone simulator can contribute to improving drone operation capabilities by maximizing educational effectiveness and providing a realistic training environment. Based on the results of this study, we expect to improve the quality of vocational education related to drones and achieve high educational effectiveness, and it is believed that we will be able to suggest various directions in education using augmented reality.