We have investigated the structural, electrical and optical properties of $In_2O_3$ thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering and then annealed at $150^{\circ}C$ and $300^{\circ}C$ in vacuum. The structural and electrical properties are strongly related to annealing temperature. All the annealed $In_2O_3$ films are grown as a hexagonal wurtzite phase and the largest grain size is observed in the films annealed at $300^{\circ}C$. The sheet resistance decreases with a increase in annealing temperature and $In_2O_3$ film annealed at $300^{\circ}C$ shows the lowest sheet resistance of $174{\Omega}/{\Box}$. The optical transmittance of $In_2O_3$ films in a visible wavelength region also depends on the annealing temperature. The films annealed at $300^{\circ}C$ show higher transmittance of 76% than those of the films prepared in this study.

The effect of strain rate on the yield stress of an Al-Li alloy has been investigated at temperatures between 77 and 523 K and over the strain rate range from $1.77{\times}10^{-4}s^{-1}$ to $1.77{\times}10^{-2}s^{-1}$. At testing temperatures below 373 K, the yield stress is almost independent of strain rate at any aging stage. At testing temperatures above 373 K, the yield stress increases linearly with the logarithm of strain rate, and the strain rate dependence increases with increasing testing temperature. The yield stresses of under-aged alloy at temperatures between 373 and 473 K at high strain rates are greater than the yield stress at 77 K. For the alloy under-aged or aged nearly to its peak strength, the temperature range within which the positive temperature dependence of yield stress appears expands to the higher temperature side with increasing strain rate. The strain rate dependence of the yield stress is slightly negative at this aging stage. The yield stress of the over-aged alloy decreases monotonically with decreasing strain rate and with increasing testing temperature above 373 K. The modulus normalized yield stress is nearly constant at testing temperatures below 373 K at any strain rate investigated. And, strength depends largely both on the aging conditions and on the testing temperature. The peak positions in strength vs. aging time curves shift to the side of shorter aging time with increasing testing temperature. For the specimens aged nearly to the peak strength, the positive temperature dependence of yield stress is observed in the temperature range. The shift of peak positions in the aging curves are explained in terms of the positive temperature dependence of cutting stress and the negative temperature dependence of by-passing stress.

This study has been performed to investigate the effect of Al addition on High Temperature Gas Nitriding (HTGN) in 13%Cr-0.16%C stainless steel with different Al contents of 0.54%, 1.76% and 2.36%, respectively. HTGN treatment was carried out at $1100^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr, 5 hrs and 10 hrs. Nitrogen-permeated surface layers showed round type carbides of $Cr_{23}C_6$ and needle type nitrides of AlN in the matrix of martensite, representing 600~700 Hv. And the thickness of the surface layer increased with increasing Al content and HTGN treatment time. The inner region that was not permeated nitrogen showed chromium carbides in the mixed phase of martensite and ferrite for the 0.53% Al alloyed steel, however chromium carbides in the matrix of ferrite single phase were shown for the steels with the addition of 1.76%Al and 2.36%Al, representing the hardness of ~200 Hv. During nitrogen permeation from surface to the interior, substitutional elements of Cr, Al and Si moved toward the surface and interstitial element of carbon also moved from interior to the surface. This movement of alloying elements leads high concentration of these elements at the outmost surface, subsequently the lowest peak of substitutional elements were shown in the vicinity of near surface. After showing the lowest peak, the high concentration region of Al and C were formed due to the continuous movement of Al toward the surface. The long discontinuous precipitates of $Cr_{23}C_6$ and AlN were formed along the outmost surface owing to the high concentration of these alloying elements.

Effects of microstructural change, tensile properties and impact property according to the change of austenitizing temperature and tempering temperature of AISI 51B20 steel were examined. Regardless of austenite grain size, lath martensite with needle and packet shapes was found at tempering temperature of $300^{\circ}C{\sim}400^{\circ}C$. The needles of lath martensite changed to parallel packet at tempering temperature of $450^{\circ}C{\sim}600^{\circ}C$. As tempering temperature increased, tensile strength, yield strength and hardness decreased, while elongation, ratio of reduction area and Charpy impact energy increased. Grain size increased when quenching temperature was $930^{\circ}C$. Grain size had prominent effect on the mechanical properties of AISI 51B20 steel. Ratio of tensile strength/yield strength and yield strength autenitized at $880^{\circ}C$ followed by tempering at $350^{\circ}C{\sim}450^{\circ}C$ showed higher values than that of autenization at $930^{\circ}C$ due to fine grain size.

Ga doped ZnO (GZO) thin films were deposited with RF magnetron sputtering on glass substrate and then the effect of post deposition annealing at nitrogen atmosphere on the structural, optical and electrical properties of the films was investigated. The post deposition annealing process was conducted for 30 minutes at different temperature of 150, 300 and $450^{\circ}C$, respectively. As increase annealing temperature, GZO films show the increment of the prefer orientation of ZnO (002) diffraction peak in the XRD pattern and the optical transmittance in a visible wave region was also increased, while the electrical sheet resistance was decreased. The figure of merit obtained in this study means that GZO films which vacuum annealed at $450^{\circ}C$ have the highest optoelectrical performance in this study.