Purpose. Because of a recent increase in use of soft contact lens at younger ages, in the present study, the correlation between corneal eccentricity and radius of curvature and fitting types of contact lens was investigated. Methods. The study evaluated the fitting status of targets through lens centration, push-up test, dynamic lag test and static lag test of lenses usually worn by 49 men and women (98eyes) in their 20s to 30s who put on soft contact lenses. After evaluation, the subjects were classified into 3 categories by fitting status(steep, aligment and flat). The radius of corneal curvature in the naked eyes was measured by using keratometer. Moreover the corneal eccentricity in the nasal side, temporal side, superior side and inferior side was measured by using the device capable of measuring the corneal eccentricity. Results. The radius of corneal curvature and corneal eccentricity of soft lenses worn by subjects were higher in the order of steep fitting and flat fitting, and the higher average corneal curvature radius and corneal eccentricity is intend to be more steep fitting(p=0.051, p=0.052). The corneal eccentricity showed a tendency to nasal fitting type at the higher eccentricity and temporal fitting type at the smaller eccentricity, statistically significant difference was observed(p<0.05). The study showed there were low correlation that nasal and temporal side at steep fitting, superior side at normal fitting and 4side(nasal, temporal, superior, inferior) at flat fitting, therefore when the corneal eccentricity changed the radius of corneal curvature also changed. The corneal eccentricity and the radius of corneal curvature showed statistically significant difference at 4side and each fitting types(p<0.05). Conclusions. The results of this study, the fitting status, of wearer are based on radius of corneal curvature and corneal eccentricity, and if lens fitting would be done considering that, it seems to be useful in a soft contact lens prescription.

Purpose. This research study is to understand the effects of field (clinical) Practice on employment choice and decision. Method. The research study conducts a questionnaire survey of trainees who received field (clinical) Training during the period of 2016 summer vacation to analyze the data, utilizing Likert 5 rating scales and conduct a statistical analysis with the tool of SPSS 18.0. Results.. As for the satisfaction of the participation of Practice, girl students account for the high rate (75.1%) compared with boy students (61.7%). Regarding the satisfaction of each Practice spot, ophthalmic clinic reaches the high rate (77.8%) compared with optical shop (65.7%). Practice about practice courses (53.2%) of regular subjects have somewhat close correlations compared with theory courses (46.8%). 75.2% of respondents in the group that shows the high satisfaction of the participation of Practice replied that they would decide employment as an academic major after Practice. And the figure is proved to assume a high ratio. Conclusion. The analytic research outcome indicates that those trainees who received Practice in an ophthalmic clinic have higher satisfaction than those who received Practice in an optical shop. There is the high accomplishment of employment in relation to academic major area instead of other area, after Practice.

Purpose. This study aims to explore Situations and Problems of the Community Senior Citizen Center as the senior health care and the Elderly's Leisure status. Then, aims to arrange Activation Vitalization Plan of the senior's leisure in Community Senior Citizen Center. Methods. The literature and data used in this study was based on a questionnaire survey, mostly from Gyeongki-Do Community Senior Citizen Center Branch and statistical research data. Literature review and analysis frequency was by reference to the paperback and academic papers related to the senior health welfare. Results. First, the period of the seniors with the Community Senior Citizen Center as health facilities has appeared in 6-10years(32.8%), followed by the response showing that more than 10years(32.4%). Therefore, it reveals that the senior live in the same region in the long term. Second, the number of days that the senior health care the Community Senior Citizen Center has been used by the senior was over 5days. This result was supported by 608people(61.7%). Both men and women replied that they use the health center more than five days. Third, the number of the senior who responded that they use the Community Senior Citizen Center as health facilities 629people(63.9%). They replied that they use the facilities mostly afternoon. The senior use the facilities all day appeared to 263people(26.7%). Conclusions. It seems like that there needs to be a variety of personalized programs that can be added to increase the life satisfaction of the senior participation in leisure programs for the Community Senior Citizen Center as senior health facilities in the future. Additionally, the government needs to require a wide range of financial support for the Community Senior Citizen Center as senior health care and devise the strategies that will lead the health center for the senior need to be actively utilized.

Purpose. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of a introduction of nursing and bioethics subject on nurse image and nursing professionalism of freshmen nursing students. Methods. Participants were 104 freshmen nursing students. The period of data collection was from March 3 to June 17, 2016. The research was done in a one group pretet-posttest for a quasi-experimental study. The data ware analyzed by frequencies and paired t-test using the SPSS 21.0 program. Results. The results are as followed : There were statistically significant differences among pre and post in the nurse image(t=-6.15, p<.001) and nursing professionalism(t=53.92, p<.001). Conclusions. We strongly recommend using introduction of nursing and bioethics subject to nurse image and nursing professionalism of freshmen nursing students. And, in future study, it is necessary to develop the curriculum and teaching strategies for improving nurse image and nursing professionalism.

Purpose. This study assessed the actual status of oral health behaviors, oral health consciousness and oral health belief with workers at work sites in some regions and would utilize the results of changes in the hygiene status in the oral cavity as basic materials for developing an education program for the oral health promotion of workers at work sites with the implementation of oral health education and oral health promotion program. Methods. The subjects of the study were 106 workers who expressed their intention to participate in a program in SMEs that agreed on the activities of an oral health education program through an education once per week, of the SMEs with less than 500 persons, located in G. City. General characteristics and the questionnaires of the items on the survey were investigated with a self-administered method, and the collected data were statistically analyzed, using SPSS 20.0. Results. As a result of research, it was noted that PHP-Index, the dental plaque index in the oral cavity became lower from 2.02 points to 1.00 point with continuous management and practice of oral promotion behaviors, and that the oral hygiene status improved. Conclusions. In order to promote the oral health of workers at work sites, substantially, it would be necessary to introduce an oral health promotion program they can practice themselves and through continuous education of oral health by assessing their consciousness and the actual status of their oral health behaviors, and it is expected that their oral health would be promoted ultimately by changing workers' oral health behaviors and consciousness.

Purpose. The study verified the relationship between the mental retardation child mother's parenting stress, self-esteem and social supports. Methods. The subjects were 250 mothers who had their children with mental retardation educated and who experienced to receive social services in U City. They were asked to answer the questionnaire and 134 subjects resent the questionnaire. The survey information was analyzed by SPSS 18.0. Results. Sociodemographic characteristic effected on the parenting stress; In accordance with the severity of handicap, the level of the stress was different, self-esteem are the mother's educational attainment. The social supports in functional perspective are the religion. Conclusions. The relationship between the parenting stress and social support, self-esteem and parenting stress the both have negative relationship, More information support, emotional support, economic support, evaluating support get the less the parenting stress, and self-esteem have. The parenting stress and self esteem are highly related.

Purpose. This study was conducted to define Ego resilience, Critical thinking disposition and satisfaction in major, and to relationships among above variables. Methods. Participants in the study were selected as 163 P city nursing students in Korea. Data were collected from October 26 to December 16, 2016. Date were analyzed by frequencies, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffes' test and Pearson's correlation coefficients using SPSS WIN/PC 22.0. Results. It was found that there were significant differences in the ego resilience depending on relationship with friends and admission motivations. Satisfaction in major was significantly different according to relationship with friends. Significant correlations were found between ego resilience, critical thinking disposition, and satisfaction in major in nursing students. Conclusions. It is necessary to develop and implement program for improving ego resilience and critical thinking disposition in order to increase the satisfaction of major in nursing students.

Purpose. The aim of this study was to provide Aromatherapist with analysis of the effect of natural aroma essential oil on middle school students' self-concept. Methods. In total, 20 students were recruited to answer a self-administered questionnaire in pre and post. The questionnaire was composed of questions about general self-concept, class self-concept, achievement self-concept, ability self-concept, social self-concept, family self-concept, emotional self-concept, physical self-concept. The natural aroma essential oil program was operational in a 90-minute once a week for ten weeks. Results. As a result, the score of emotional self-concept(t=-2.60, p<.05) is higher than pre the experiment post experiment. Conclusions. This study is to get a basic data of natural aroma should be applied to improve self-concept of middle school students.

Purpose. To investigate awareness of vision correction surgery side effects and investigated side effects affect vision correction surgery decisions. Methods. This study was performed on 85 college students. The awareness of vision correction surgery, the awareness of vision correction surgery side effects, and investigated side effects affect surgery decisions. Results. 37.6 % (32 people) replied that the drying effects is representative side effects of the eye correction surgery. 68.2% (58 people) answered the reason of eye surgery is uncomfortable wearing glasses. 74.1%(63 people) answered the side effects does not affect vision correction surgery decision. Prior to hear a description of side effects, 31.8% percent people hope the surgery. after listening to explain of side effects, only 10.6% percent people hope the surgery. Conclusions. People who want to get vision correction surgery should check their vision condition through prior examination and consultation. What side effects in the operation should be reviewed. That is the only way to reduce side effects.

Pupose. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between metabolic syndrome and glaucoma in a middle-aged men over the age of 40's by using the data from the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(2010~2012). Methods. The subjects for the analysis were comprised of 410 patients who were at least 40 years or more with metabolic syndrome and glaucoma. The comparison between the metabolic syndrome and glaucoma according to the health demographic characteristics, health behavior and health conditions was analyzed with ${\chi}^2$-test. The complex samples logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio of glaucoma according to the health demographic characteristics, health behavior and health conditions and the combination of the comprising factors of the metabolic syndrome. Results. The prevalence of glaucoma among the subjects with metabolic syndrome and glaucoma was significantly higher in the case of females, as their age increased, educational level decreased, income level decreased, who are non-smokers, non-drinkers, with exercising habits of less than 3 days a week (p<0.001). However, the glaucoma OR was significantly high in case of increasing age, with exercising habits of less than 3 days a week, and hypertension (p<0.01), while the OR was significantly low in case of the drinking group (p<0.05). The results of analyzing the odds ratio for the occurrence of glaucoma with the components of metabolic syndrome showed that the OR for glaucoma is significantly low (OR 0.63) in case of concurrently high fasting blood glucose, high triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol levels (p=0.05). Conclusions. Therefore the thorough management of metabolic syndrome and components is needed to prevent glaucoma.

Purpose. Noise occurs at measuring Electoretinogram(ERG) signals as the other bio-signal measurement. It is compared the denoising performance according to the mother function of wavelet transforms. Methods. The ERG signal that generated power supply noise and white noise was used as a sampling signal. The noise of ERG signal was filtered by using haar, db7, bior mother function. The filtering performance of each mother functions was compared using Fourier transform spectrum and SNR(signal to noise ratio). Results. In the haar functioin, the result of the Fourier transform spectrum was that the power supply noise is removed and the white noise performance is not good. The SNR was 27.0404. In the db7 function, the results of Fourier transform spectrum was that the power supply noise is removed and the white noise performance is good. The SNR was 35.1729. In the db7 function, the results of Fourier transform spectrum was that the power supply noise is removed and the white noise performance is the bset. The SNR was 35.4445. Conclusions. The db7, bior function was good results in power supply noise and white noise filtered. The bior function is suitable for filtering noise of the ERG signal.

Purpose. This study was performed on survey related optician's perception of NCS and required jobs to develop curriculum of department of ophthalmic optics Methods. This study was to evaluate the questionnaire survey of 63 opticians working in Optometrist in Daegu Metropolitan City from November 1, 2016 to November 18, 2016. Results. As for the opticians who know about NCS, 23.8% of the respondents answered that the opticians' perception of NCS is very low. For the four required jobs of the technical part, less than 5 years of optometrists ; optometry 73.7% > fitting 47.4% > ophthalmic dispensing 36.8% > lensmeter 5.3%, more than 5 years and less than 10 years of optometrists ; optometry 84.6% > fitting 53.8% > lensmeter 46.2% > ophthalmic dispensing 38.5%, more than 10 years of optometrists ; optometry 67.7% > ophthalmic dispensing 51.4% > lensmeter 19.4% > fitting 16.1%. For the four required jobs of the management, less than 5 years of optometrists ; product 57.9% > service 47.4% > manners 10.6% > sales 5.3%, more than 5 years and less than 10 years of optometrists ; service 76.9% > product 53.9% > manners 46.2% > sales 38.5%, more than 10 years of optometrists ; service 45.2% > manners 42.0% > product 32.3% > sales 19.4%. Conclusions. Although there were 108 required jobs of the technical part and 94 required jobs of the management part, the technical level of the department of ophthalmic optics was satisfactory, but the classes of the management part were insufficient. It will be necessary to actively reflect the needs of industry through curriculums reform.

Purpose. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the educational needs of industry which will hire learner and to develop curriculum to meet the demand. Methods. This study was a descriptive research based on survey results. In each questionnaire, the number of responses and ratios were measured to determine the priorities of the questionnaire items and the education demand was evaluated based on these priorities. Results. The core competency keywords for nurses in industry are knowledge, technology, and communication. In the industry needs for curriculum development, the importance of education to be strengthened for nurse training was found to be core basic nursing skills, nursing process application ability, communication ability, creative nursing problem solving ability, personality and foreign language ability. Conclusion. This study has laid the groundwork for the development of competency based curriculum based on environmental factors and reducing the problems of mis - matching between industry and education.

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine the related factors of quality of life (QOL) among middle-aged male. Method. The participants in this study were 144 middle aged male. Between October and November 2016, data were collected through questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using PASW (SPSS) 21.0 program, and one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results. The mean QOL of this study was 2.99/5. The significant correlates of QOL were family support (${\beta}=.21$, p=.024), health status (${\beta}=.24$, p=.003), workplace spirituality ${\beta}=.55$, p<.001), and these variables explained 55.9% of variance in QOL. Conclusion. The study suggests that family support workplace spirituality are an important factors in explaining QOL of the middle-aged male. Therefore, it is necessary to be considered family support and workplace spirituality for promoting life satisfaction of middle-aged male.