공작기계는 금속가공 공업에 있어서 가장 중요한 생산수단의 요소이며, 공작기계의 발달없이 인류의 생활수준을 향상시킨다는 것은 생각도 할 수 없는 일이다. 선진국에서는 제조된 기계의 약 10%가 공작기계이며, 기계공업 노동력의 악 10%가 공작기계 산업에 종사하고 있다. 공작기계는 금속재료를 절삭(Cutting) 또는 연삭(Grinding)하여 원하는 모양, 치수 표면정도의 제품을 얻는 것이고 기계본체와 공구의 두부분으로 되어있어 동력에 의해 기계를 운전하고 절삭공구로써 가공을 한다. 국제 규격의 ISO에서는 '한 운동원에 의해서 작동하고 물리적, 화학적 또는 기타의 방법으로 성형해서 공작물을 생산하는, 수작업은 하지 않는 기계'라고 정의 하고 있으며 미국에서는 금속가공기계를 두가지로 나누어 정형형을 Forming machine이라 하고 절삭형을 Cutting machine 이라 분류하며 이 둘을 합하여 공작기계(Machine Tool)라고 부르고 있다.

Face milling is required to study cutting process with a view of multipoint cutter. This experimental study mainly deals with the single and multi-insert cutting characteristics using coated tool. Because metal cutting of the single and multi-insert has a large relation to the improvement of productivity, the economic cutting process can be achieved by the analysis of proper metal cutting mechanism. Therefore, machining characteristics of face molling in this paper has been studied by investigating the role of different insert number which is concerned with mean cutting force, the RMS values of AE(acoustic emission) signal, tool life and surface roughness in milling SS 41 and SUS 304. The cutting force and AE signal are monitored to make an analysis of cutting process. The surface roughness of the specimens machined by inserts of different numbers is measured at different speeds, feeds and depth of cut. The width of flank wear is also observed.

The flank wear at the minor cutting edge significantly affects the geometric accuracy and surface roughness in finish machining. A fuzzy estimator based on a fuzzy inference algorithm with a max-min composition rule is introduced to evaluate the minor flank wear length. The features sensitive to minor flank wear are extracted from the dispersion analysis of a time series AR model of the feed directional acceleration signal. These features, dispersions, are used for constructing linguistic rules, and then the fuzzy inferences are carried out with test data sets collected under various cutting conditions. The proposed system turns out to be effective for estimating minor flank wear length.

본 논문은 복수 집중질량을 갖고 제어 종동력을 받는 자유 Timoshenko보의 동적 안정성에 관한 것으로, 비행중의 미사일이나 로켓의 연료탱크, Payload등의 기계장치부를 복수의 집중질량으로 간주하여 이러한 항공우주 구조물들이 추진력인 종동력을 받을때에 대한 계의 동적 안정성을 판별한다. 수학적 모델에 대한 운동방정식은 확장된 해밀톤 원리를 이용한 유한요소법에 의해 유도되며, 복수 부가질량의 위치 및 크기변화, 센서의 위치 및 게인(gain)의 변화에 따른 계의 안정성 지도(stability maps)를 보여준다. 또한 보의 전단 변형이나 회전관성의 효과 뿐만아니라, 추질력의 방향이 제어되는 경우와 제어되지 않는 경우에 대한 최대 추진력 값이 수치 시뮬레이션을 통해 예측된다.

This paper presents a simple method for measurenemt of roughness of ground surfaces. The present method utilizes fluxes of scattered lights condensed through lenses aligned along the specular direction. A theoretical analysis is preformed for the purpose of investigating the possibility of the method as well as determining the experimental condition. Experiments are also performed to show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method. The theoretical and experimental results show that the proposed method is simple enouth to implement and has a potential to identify a wide range of roughness of ground surfaces.

This paper presents an explicit pole-assignment adaptive servocontrol shceme and its application to cutting force regulation for feedrate maximization. The controller structure of the suggested adaptive control scheme is based on robust control theory. This controller structure is then combined with an on-line model estimation algorithm. The whole scheme is applied to a milling process control. The results of real time cutting experimental studies show that the asymptotic regulation of milling peak cutting forces can be achieved with robust- ness against the time varying perturbations to the process model parameters, which are caused by nonlinear cutting dynamics.

In modern industry the requirement of automation of manufacturing process increases so that unmanned system has been popular as an ultimate goal of modern manufacturing process. In unmanned manufacturing process the tool fracture is a very serious problem because it results in the damage of workpieces and can stop the operation of whole manufa- turing system. In this study, image processing technique is used to detect the fracture of insert tip of face milling using multi-point-tool. In order to acquire the image information of fracture shape of rotation insert tip. We set up the optical system using a light beam chopper. In this system we can reduce the image degradation generated from stopped image of rotating insert tip using image restoration technique. We calculated the mean square error to diagnose the condition of tool fracture, and determind the criteria of tool fracture using experimental and staticstical method. From the results of this study we've developed non- contact detection technique of tool fracture using image processing method and proposed the fracture direction of automation and unmanned system considering the optimal time of tool change milling.

Specular reflection appears with metals, plastics, glasses and many other solid objects which are required to be inspected, assembled, moved, or processed automatically. Recongnizing such shiny objects with specular reflections is a hard problem for computer vision, since specular reflections appear, disappear, or change their shapes abruptly, due to tiny movements of the view. Traditionally, such specular reflections are discarded as annoying noise for recongnition purposes. In this paper a technique is represented for obtaining shapes of specular objects. The ring illumin- ation system employes a ring source which is positioned on the axis of the camera. The concept of the proposed method is that if specular objects are illuminated by the ring they show their own dis- tinctive specularity features in surface from which we can infer the shape of the object. A series of experiments are performed to evaluate the performance of this system.

The demand for automatic manufacturing systems is increasing. Flexible Manufacturing System(FMS) is usually considered as a soluting for the shop floor automation. One of the difficulties in FMS is the communications problem. Since various machineries with different communications protocoles are included, applying a unified scheme is almost impossible. Therefore, a systematic approach is a key point to solve the communication problem. A cell is difined as an automation unit where closely related for a job reside together. A cell is a messenger between upper level computers and lower level machine equipment. In this research, the fonctions of the cell are defined to have more capabilities than conventional cells since a cell can be often a total manufacturing system is a small to medium sized factory. The cell conducts communications with different machines through the communications schemes established here. A set of software system has been developed according to the defined communication. The software has been tested for a simulation and real experiments for proof.

This paper aims at reviewing the possibility of application over normal or abnormal, detection used by AE, and the characteristics of grinding processes. In this study, when WA-vitri-fied ' resinoid bond grinding wheels:36 kinds of grinding wheel and grinding depth were tuned at the surface grinding, the zone of AE signal generation is theoretically modelled and reviewed by grinding processes. The variation of grinding resistance( F$n^{9}$ $F_{t}$) and AE signal is detected in-process by the use of AE measuring system. The tests are carried out in accordance with grain size and grade of grinding wheels, and work-pieces-STD11 and STD61. According to the experiment's results, the following can be expected;as grinding time passes by, the relation of grinding depth and quantity of AE signal, observing on AE signal and grinding burn suggest the characteristics of grinding processes and evalution on the possibility of control of grinding machine, and monitoring abnormal conditions.e, and monitoring abnormal conditions.

This paper presents the modified fuzzy-compensated PID(FCPID) control, which involves adding the compensator to an existing PID controller, to improve the performances of the systems. Compared to a conventional PID control and a fuzzy logic control(FLC), the proposed control scheme has superior performance. Experimental results of an actual implementation of the modified PC-based FCPID controller on the DC servo-motor demonstrate considerable improve- ment of the performance of the existing FCPID control by monitoring the scaling factor. They show faster responses and smaller overshoots than the conventional FCPID control scheme for the various reference inputs and the robustness to the loads.

This paper presents a non-contact measuring system using one point measuring method to measure surface profiles of dies and clay models for practical use in the field of production engineering. The system has a laser beam probe similar to a measuring probe in a contact measuring system and CCD linear sensor used to detect 300mm measurement range, displacement of measured surfaces, from an origin. There is no mechanical interference between this measuring system and a measured surface in this system. In this measuring system, it was needed 500-600ms including data processing time to measure one point. The experiments showed that the standard deviation was 800 .mu.m and the reproducibility was also 100-210 .mu. m.

The dynamic characteristics of a system can be critically influenced by system uncertainty, so the dynamic system must be analyzed stochastically in consideration of system uncertainty. This study presents a generalized stochastic model of dynamic system subjected to bot external and parametric nonstationary stochastic input. And this stochastic system is analyzed by a new stochastic process closure method and moment equation method. The first moment equation is numerically evaluated by Runge-Kutta method. But the second moment equation is founded to constitute an infinite coupled set of differential equations, so this equations are numerically evaluated by cumulant neglect closure method and Runge-Kutta method. Finally the accuracy of the present method is verified by Monte Carlo simulation.

Recently, the analysis of microcutting with submicrometer depth of cut is tried to get a more high quality surface product, but to get a valuable result another method instead of conventional finite element method must be considered because finite element method is impossible for a very small focused region and mesh size. As the alternative method, Molecular Dynamics or Statics is suggested and accepted in the field of microcutting, indentation and crack propagation. In this paper using Molecular Dynamics simulation, the phenomena of microcutting with subnanometer chip thickness is studied and the cutting mechanism for tool edge configuration is evaluated. As the result of simulation the atomistic chip formation is achieved.