The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the social integration plan of Gyeonggido type happy house, which is a community House for the child care families in a housing welfare policy executed by Gyeonggido, and measure the activation of the community through the housing satisfaction(POE) survey to reveal the association between each variable. The survey was conducted with 133 interviewees in vulnerable housing classes (Newly wed and child care families) in Suwon Gwanggyo (204 households), which is a Gyeonggido type Happy House complex that is a public rental community residential program of Gyeonggido. The survey was conducted in July 2019 and followed by an analysis of the data. The results of this study are as follows: First, the more satisfied with the community program, the higher level of social capital activation for the community house. Second, the higher satisfaction with the exterior design of the community house, the more satisfied with the local residents and tenants. Third, the better safety and order are maintained within the community housing complex, the higher residential satisfaction level. Forth, the more interaction between neighbors in the residential complex of community housing, the higher the level of housing satisfaction.

This study examined the need for a transition of South Korea's nuclear defense strategy through a review of Sweden's nuclear protection strategies. Then, the required operational capabilities of the Korean underground nuclear shelters were derived through the Delphi technique based on decision-making theory. A group of 21 experts on military and civil protection facilities had been selected for Delphi analysis. As a result, the following required capabilities were derived: ① Shelters shall be installed within 250 meters of the evacuation time based on five-minute; ② At least 14 days of evacuation period are required at a depth of more than 15 meters (7 meters of rock); ③ The ventilation system with NBC filter and blast proof facilities are essential for the survival of evacuees; ④ Three-liters of drinking water per person, diesel emergency generators, radio, telephone, fire-fighting equipment were derived.

The number of single-person households in Korea continues to increase, and supply measures are needed to meet the demand of single-person households in terms of urban planning. The purpose of this study is to analyze density factors based on analysis of dense areas of single-person households. First, LISA analysis using population data was conducted in 2020 to analyze the dense areas of single-person households in Jinju. Subsequently, a multi-regression analysis was conducted by separating household characteristics and infrastructure to identify the factors of density of single-person households. According to the analysis, the factors affecting the density of young single-person households were houses with less than 40㎡, sports facilities, retail stores, and hospitals. houses with less than 40㎡, sports facilities, and retail stores have a positive correlation and hospitals have a negative correlation. The factors affecting the density of elder single-person households were houses with less than 40㎡, Houses built more than 30 years olds, sports facilities, retail stores, and hospitals. houses with less than 40㎡, Houses built more than 30 years olds, and hospitals have a positive correlation and sports facilities, retail stores have a negative correlation Single-person households have different density factors by age, different policies for single-person households should be presented for each age, not one policy.

In recent years, there has been a growing social interest in providing affordable housing for low-income young people and single-family households. It may be necessary to conduct a basic on-site research to respond to this demand. The purpose of this study is to organize data that reflects characteristics in future plans based on the field of living of low-income residents, while providing basic data for low-income housing plans that can respond to new living needs. The target was for 29 older households over 30 years in the slope village. The study first, the current housing characteristics and housing conditions and the site were recorded in drawings, and secondly, the average residential level was derived through the characteristics of the low-income aging housing plan and the area-specific composition characteristics of public and private spaces. Third, by analyzing the flat planned characteristics that have been formed in villages naturally formed on slopes, the type was derived from a typical residential type and change type, expressed in a time series. Fourth, it derives the characteristics of the variable characteristics and minimum housing type, such as housing expansion.

This study aims to provide implications, which can help in seeking research topics and establishing research methodologies in future, by analyzing integrated trends of previous studies that have produced results through EEG experiments in the area of architecture·space design. For this study, a systematic review was performed, and based on specific analysis items selected in accordance with PICOS(Participant, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, Settings), frequency analysis and comparative analysis between items were conducted targeting 49 papers published in an academic journal. The following implications were obtained from the analysis results. First, there is a need to secure homogeneity of experiment participants and reliability of EEG data. Second, it is required to expand research topics that can guarantee practical implication and effectiveness. Third, for enhancing reliability and validity of EEG study results, it is needed to establish standard criteria of EEG research methodologies, including EEG measurement indicators and EEG analysis methods, which suit the purpose of measuring EEG response. Fourth, for obtaining valid research results, a complementary study should be conducted by making the best use of other physiological response measurement experiments and quantitative studies on physiological and psychological conditions, which cannot be understood only from EEG response. Lastly, in relation to experiment environment and design, there is a need to establish an EEG experiment protocol that is appropriate for architecture·space design, since individual researches have different experiment times and procedures, and there is an absence of standardized protocols.

The purpose of this study was to help making disaster prevention policy in North Korea. North Korea has remained for decades without maintenance, repair and replacement of infrastructure. As a results, many buildings and facilities like roads, rails, bridges are old and structurally weak. These factors seriously damage North Korea's lives and properties in the event of a natural disaster. And also, due to the limitation of data collections, North Korea researchers hasve not been actively conducted. This study overcame the limitations of North Korea researches, such as the problem of data collections, and made it possible to produce highly accurate results. In this study, there are three steps for assessing natural disaster risk in North Korea. First, 13 indicators were selected by reviewing the indicators used in the previous studies and determining whether data could be constructed for each subregions. Second, The weight for 13 indicators was calculated using the entropy method. This method excludes the subjective judgement of the researcher and improves the accuracy of the research by evaluating the importance using only data. Third, the risk index for 188 regions between 0 and 1 was calculated. Spatial analysis of the hazardous area was performed by assigning a risk rating between 1 and 5 using the natural breaks classification method. As a result of this study, 74 Intensive Disaster Management Region in the eastern and western coastal areas and Pyongyang were selected.

This study investigates the areas where commercial gentrification occurred across the country. Dividing the area into metropolitan and non-metropolitan regions, this study analyzes the factors of gentrification in each area through logistic regression analysis. As a result, the 'floor-area of newly opened restaurants difference' and the 'Ratio of Class 1 neighborhood living facilities' were found to have a high correlation with whether or not gentrification occurred in the metropolitan area. In the case of the non-metropolitan area, the 'number of restaurants in operation difference' and the 'average basement floor' indicators were found to have a high correlation with whether or not gentrification occurred. The significance of this study is that the gentrification cases and factors were selected on a nationwide scale using nationwide data, not in a limited area. By analyzing the metropolitan area and the non-metropolitan area, the difference between the factors of gentrification occurring in the two regions was revealed. Taking into account these results, we expect to develop a gentrification occurrence prediction model that suits for domestic gentrification in subsequent research.

This study is about the architectural publicness of community centers located in urban areas. The community center is a lower administrative body of local governments and is the smallest unit of public offices in charge of administrative affairs within the city. Statistics show that currently 35,000 community centers have been set up across the country to perform the public functions of each region. To summarize the views in this study on the architectural public nature of community centers: The community center can be said to be a public building with a public character in all aspects of its functions and programs, urban contexts and cultural aspects, as well as its internal and external spaces. Therefore, the target of the community center is divided into external space, internal space and user space to discuss the architectural public nature of each of them. It is meaningful that they have looked into the public nature that appears at community centers and revealed the elements of the building space that are revealed through the actual space.

The purpose of the paper is to recover the meaning of contemporary architecture through Heidegger's thoughts for "Be" and "Being". The paper suggests a way to theorize philosophy of architecture. It is to look at the intersection of Heidegger's thought and RCR Archquitects' from an ontological perspective. "Be" and "Being" can be considered as identity and possibility of the world and contiguity of the earth, respectively. From the architectural thought of the RCR Arquitectes we can explore this identity, possibility and contiguity. They want their architecture to have "Rootedness" and "Wing" at the same time. "Rootedness" is possible by perception of "Be", and "Wing" is the transformation of "Being" into a form itself. In these processes, another thought for Heidegger can be theorized through "Rest" and "Motion". This kind of architectural exploration of Heidegger's fundamental ontology can be an answer for the loss of meaning in architecture in contemporary life.

Miari settlement for displaced refugees was planned by 'Refugee assimilation and Resettlement Project' for relief and self-support of the refugees caused by Korean War. In 1957, about 1,000 families moved to mountainside located on the outskirts of Seoul. The land was provided by Seoul city for free and the refugees built their own houses. The Miari refugees were pioneers on the wilderness on the outskirts who stood on their own feet by creating a small communities, building houses, domestically producing goods, and self-governing. When the construction of Miari refugee settlement was completed and gradually settled down, new migrants such as those who came to Seoul from the countryside and those who sought cheap rooms settled around. And the area was transformed into a residential area for the common people. As the Miari settlement has become a good example, other outskirts of Seoul area such as Bongcheon-dong, Sinlim-dong, Sanggye-dong, Geoyeo-dong, and Sinwol-dong, developed as resettlement areas for demolition workers, flood victims, and refugees, which has become a new development method of the growing city.

The purpose of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the natural ventilation performance of the circular ventilation window. The circular ventilation window is a new type of window. This 145mm diameter window consists of a circular frame and a lid, and can be opened and closed. The circular ventilation window has a feature that the installation position and number are relatively free. We evaluated the natural ventilation performance of the circular ventilation window using CFD simulation. Based on the experiment, the CFD model was built, and case studies were performed under various conditions such as the window displacement, indoor/outdoor temperature difference, and outdoor wind speed. In addition, ventilation rates were compared with awning windows and casement windows. As a result, as the vertical distance between windows and the indoor/outdoor temperature difference increased, the ventilation rate tended to increase, and the ventilation pattern greatly changed according to the outdoor wind speed. Also, if the windows were arranged effectively, the ventilation rate could be increased compared to the existing windows.

With the signing of the Paris Agreement, an accord concerning the post-2020 climate change regime, in December 2015, all nations around the globe recognized the problem of climate crisis and are proactively reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. The South Korean government has announced plans to reduce the country's greenhouse gas emissions by 37% from the business-as-usual level of 850.6 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (Mton CO_2e). The plans have set a target of 32.7% minimization for the building sector, which is expected to have a high reduction potential. This study aims to forecast the greenhouse gas emissions in Korea's building sector after 2020 based on its current state of emissions. This study proposes a statistical predictive modeling approach to discover the greenhouse gas emissions projection in building sector by 2030 using regression analysis models, time series models, growth curve model. To this end, the Bass model was applied as the optimal forecasting model as it is assessed to have high predictability. According to the Bass model's predictions of greenhouse gas emissions in the building sector, the level is expected to increase from 156.8 Mton CO_2e in 2020 to 173.3 Mton CO_2e in 2025, and eventually to 189.0 Mton CO_2e in 2030. Compared to the nationwide greenhouse gas emissions forecast, these predictions are higher by approximately 9.8% to 12%. Considering the lack of research on the prospects of domestic greenhouse gas emissions, this study is meaningful as it provides significant results that are necessary for analyzing potential reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and establishing measures for their cutback. Additional research is required on forecasting long-term greenhouse gas emissions through the establishment of optimization models.

This study in which a phase change material (PCM) was applied to a general floor heating system, and the temperature change according to the insertion location was confirmed. Most apartment houses in Korea use a floor heating system using hot water. Since such a floor structure has difficulty in securing sufficient heat capacity due to structural constraints, it is necessary to develop a new floor heating system with improved heat storage performance. Accordingly, the PCM insertion location and heating schedule were introduced and tested in the PCM-applied floor heating system with improved heat storage performance. As a result of the experiment, when the heating was stopped for 30 minutes and 3 hours by inserting the PCM into the side, the indoor and surface temperature of Room 2, a floor heating system to which PCM was applied, was 1.6℃ and 1.5℃ lower than that of Room 1, a general floor heating system. At the time of 1 hour operation and 3 hour shutdown, the indoor and surface temperature of Room 2 was 1.0℃ and 0.9℃ lower than that of Room 1. When the PCM was inserted in the lower part and operated for 30 minutes, the surface and room temperature of Room 2 was 2.4℃ and 1.0℃ higher than that of Room 1, and 2.4℃ and 1.0℃ higher when operated for 1 hour. According to the experimental results, it was confirmed that in the floor heating system to which the PCM was applied, the surface and room temperatures were higher when the PCM was inserted in the lower part than in the side of the hot water pipe.

Coupled shear wall system is an effective structural system frequently adopted in design of high-rise buildings to resist lateral loads such as earthquake loads or wind loads. Coupling beam designed following structural codes and provisions like ACI 318 is a structural fuse, so that it can dissipate lots of input energy generated by an earthquake as being deformed prior to other structural elements. This study tested on four diagonally reinforced concrete coupling beams constructed following ACI 318-14 to assess the cyclic behavior of them according to the amount of diagonal reinforcement.

This study was conducted with the aim of verifying the earthquake resistance capacity when cement bricks were used on divided traditional wooden walls. The nonlinear spectral displacement was calculated to determine the seismic stability of new traditional houses. Spectral displacement response was calculated by applying the capacity spectrum. The new traditional houses were selected in two types, small and large, among the standard Gyeongsangbuk-do drawings. Capacity curves for each X and Y direction were obtained. The hysteresis curve was simplified into two straight lines, divided into the initial elastic part and the fully plastic part. The table of resistance moment that can be used in the design of traditional wooden structures was calculated. The seismic resistance capacity analysis was performed. Response spectra for seismic design were calculated in accordance with Korean Building Code and Commentary (KBC 2016). The effective ground acceleration and ground amplification factors were calculated according to the conditions applied to the traditional wooden structure based on small-scale structural standard. In sample model, it was concluded that the drift ratio of 1.39% and 1.34% in the X direction were maintained.

In this study, an analytical study was conducted on the optimum structural design of modified auto-climbing formwork system that utilizes the steel plates at both ends of the core as a support point in connection with the steel composite core wall structural system. Accordingly, data of optimal design of system components are accumulated through variable studies on the geometrical parameters such as the span and height of the formwork system and the spacing of the horizontal members and form-ties. And weight analysis of the total frame was conducted for increasing the construction ability and reducing the lifting capacity. As a results, the resistance to lateral concrete pressure during pouring of concrete can be controlled by form-tie that connects the formwork, and accordingly, the span of the formwork or the cross-section of the horizontal member may not significantly affect the design of the constituent member. And, the equations for expecting the maximum displacement of formwork and the maximum stress of the form-tie were proposed for designing formwork in various conditions.

The Korean peninsula is located in a stable continental region with low to moderate seismicity. Recently, three earthquake events (foreshock and mainshock of the 2016 Gyeongju earthquake, mainshock of the 2017 Pohang earthquake) with higher than M=5.0 caused economic loss with major damage on existing structures nearby communities. The main purpose of this study is to develope regional ground motion simulation model with considering representative regional earthquake characteristics (source, path, site effects) for the Korean peninsula. The accuracy of the developed model is verified by comparing recorded and simulated ground motion parameters (PGA and PSAs).

In Korea, interest in the seismic design of non-structural elements was stimulated by the 2016 Gyeong-ju 2017 Po-hang earthquake. Among them, the suspended ceiling is a non-structural element that causes injury to person, most ceiling systems used in Korea do not have seismic details and do not meet the current seismic design standards. There is no standard for seismic design of the suspended ceiling in Korea, and the ASTM E580/E580M can be used for the seismic design. The ASTM E580/E580M introduces a seismic design method for SDC C, which performs design with molding width and end clearance, and SDC D, which performs design with braces and end fixing method, in ceiling systems for acoustical tile and lay-in Panels. In the present study, shaking table tests were performed on two types of steel-panel T-bar ceiling systems designed according to ASTM E580/E580M. The first specimen meets the frame end molding width requirements of SDC C detail, the second one meets the perimeter clip requirement of SDC D detail in ASCE7. The failure modes of steel-panel T-bar ceiling system with anti-falling clips, and the degrees of damage incurred by the ceiling system were evaluated. The failure modes were also compared with the results of non-seismic ceiling tests presented in the previous study, which details currently being constructed in Korea. Test results of seismic designed ceilings show that all the specimens meet the life safety level in Korea standard KDS 41 17 00.

The cyberinfrastructure for construction engineering research provides construction engineering researchers and engineers with a research environment that includes data repository, tools, and other computing services through the internet. As a main component of the cyberinfrastructure, the data repository stores the research project data and serves for data curation with data uploads/downloads. Since the data curation naturally depends on how the data is organized in the data repository, the data organization is important for practically useful data repositories. This paper uses the notation of classes and attributes of a data model to discuss the procedural steps to develop the efficient data organization of data repositories such as the data depot of DesignSafe for natural hazards engineering. The procedural development steps begins with the definition of uses for and the size of data repository. The basic organization of main data of the data repository is explored, and then the elaboration of data is proceeded. After the usage of data is evaluated by using a number of evaluation criteria, the data organization is improved based on the evaluation results. These development steps are repeated with various possible sequences until the efficient data organization is finally developed for data repositories for construction engineering research.

This study investigates a progressive collapse of the eccentrically braced frame (EBF). For this purpose, ten different column removal scenarios are introduced to trigger the building collapse and it applies to four types of EBF such as K-shape, D-shape, V-shape and X-shape eccentric braces. The OpenSees is used to perform push-down analysis. In the analysis, the backbone curves for beam and brace of EBF are defined by FEMA-356 and the model proposed by Richard et al. (2006) is used with combination of FEMA-356 model parameter for the shear link. The collapse mechanism of four EBFs is identified by numerical analysis with the application of ten column removal scenarios. From numerical results, it is found to be that the absence of the alternative path and the yield of shear link can cause a sudden collapse of EBF, especially for V-shape and X-shape eccentric braces.

In the Middle East, dune sand is used as fine aggregate for concrete. The purpose of the use of dune sand is the grading correction of crushed sand. Most of the existing research on dune sand have been conducted by focusing on the workability and strength of concrete. However, the region using dune sand as concrete aggregate generally has desert climate, and it is the worst condition in the drying shrinkage cracking of concrete. Therefore, the investigation on drying shrinkage is needed for dune sand concrete as well as workability and strength. In this study, the strength and drying shrinkage cracking of fly ash concrete using dune sand were evaluated. The result showed that the maximum compressive strength and the maximum split tensile strength were shown in concrete mixture of dune sand replacement ratio 10%. The maximum net time-to-cracking was shown in concrete mixture of dune sand replacement ratio 20% and the net time-to-cracking decreased with the increase of dune sand replacement when dune sand replacement ratio was over 20%. For stress rate, concrete mixture of dune sand replacement ratio 60% showed the lowest value. Also, based on the changes of aggregate volume and the net time-to-cracking, the restraint effect factor could be calculated in this study.

In order to complement the disadvantages of the concrete surface treatment technology and improve the durability performance of concrete, the penetration of water-repellent impregnated natural zeolite is introduced to the cement mortar for chloride penetration resistance. An experimental study on the effects on performance and microstructure was advanced. It can be confirmed that the water absorption and the permeation resistance performance of the test specimen containing ZWR are improved in proportion to the mixing amount. It was also confirmed that the permeation resistance performance of chloride was smaller than that of OPC in terms of total passing charge. In addition, it was confirmed that the hydration reaction was sustained for a long time in the pojollan reaction of natural zeolite, and no difference in crystal phase or structural change was observed with the reference mortar in the XRD test results.

Reverse engineering is a technology that involves acquiring three-dimensional data on shape information by utilizing surveying equipment, and drafting drawings based on the data. Reverse engineering has been actively utilized in other industries, including manufacturing and health care, but only in some cases in the construction industry, and even the existence of the technology was unknown in many cases. Against this backdrop, this study surveyed the status of utilization of reverse engineering in the construction industry, analyzed problems in its utilization and suggested measures to improve in order to promote an understanding and awareness of reverse engineering in the construction industry, and the introduction of the technology.

Differently from the recent decline in the disaster rate of the entire industry, the accident rate of the construction industry is increasing as the scale and complexity of the construction work increases. It can be seen that various efforts are needed to prevent construction disasters. As part of this, it is necessary to use IT technology for construction work, and among them, safety management using smartphones will be useful. According to a survey on the application status and satisfaction of construction safety management applications developed so far, there were many cases of low practical use. This study proposes a process for construction safety management applications that can increase utilization at construction sites. Interviews were conducted with safety managers who directly utilize the application to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the application and additional necessary functions. The survey indicated that the application should reflect the ability to simplify the registration of nonconformities reports, change the reporting system and input method of risk assessment, and check the overall risk level of the site at a glance. Reflecting these functions, a process for safety management applications is proposed that can be more useful and convenient at construction sites.

For reducing the construction industrial disaster, design for safety(DfS) need several supplementation although DfS is applied. Especially, for designer, the supporting of rule on construction safety management and improving of collaboration with constructor could be supplement. This study developed a system to provide a suitable design guide to the corresponding building automatically for designer based on combination between DfS and BIM. The subject of application is fall accident that have occurred more often in construction industry of South Korea. The developed system is composed of three stages. First, the criteria of safety management is included in the developed system about fall accident based on 「Rule on occupational safety and health standard」. Next, the construction information is extracted from BIM model and included in the developed system. Lastly, by using ontology, the rult of DfS is established, the possible of fall accident is noted to designer, and the design guide is provided automatically. The developed system is applied to a case study hospital. In result, a safety handrail is designed automatically for a high possibility position of fall accident. In future study, we will develop a platform for application of various safety accident as well as fall accident.