In recognizing the shortage of professionals to support the rapidly increasing urban regeneration-related projects such as the Urban Regeneration New Deal project, the government initiated a university supporting scheme for the continuous and systematic nurturing of Urban Regeneration Experts. In order to provide preliminary research materials for establishing a sustainable urban regeneration expert education system, this study aims to uncover the background of these university-led degree programs along with the existing urban regeneration specialized education program, research course details at six selected universities, examine the curriculum operated by each educational organization and analyze how it differs from the urban regeneration-related degree programs at overseas universities. The study revealed that the educational organizations and curriculum of these six universities were generally similar, regional specialization was not prominent despite their goal of providing regionally specialized course that perform as regional base education associations. Since the similarity of the curriculum has the potential to intensify in the future due to the isomorphism phenomenon, special attention should be given with potential methods to not harm the diversity of research while supporting programs that involve CPD (Continuing Professional Development).

The purpose of this study is to discover the potential of parametric design as an alternative design method to overcome renovation limitations of commercial buildings in urban areas that are becoming increasingly important and complex. Four domestic renovation projects using parametric designs were selected and the methods and effects of it in response to commercial renovations were analyzed. The analysis results revealed that the characteristics of the parametric design method were effectively utilized in the renovation process of commercial buildings. Parametric design achieves the symbolism and representation required by the facade of commercial architecture appropriately and economically by precisely controlling the geometry while factoring construction through algorithms. In addition, by expanding the scope of renovation to the surrounding context and considering it in the design, the effect of renovation can be enhanced and a positive impact can be brought about in the public aspect of an urban environment.

The purpose of this study is to derive and analyze a design focus strategy, and trends through the diagram principles of the UN Studio applied to office projects that then develop into design. Among the diagrams appearing in UN studio office projects, the focus was mainly on diagrams related to facade design. Through literature, the principles in the diagram were summarized, the types of diagrams used in office projects and information expressed were classified and the design model was derived. Then the design focus and strategy, and the design innovation brought by changes in the practical process were derived. The design model of the UNStudio office projects directly induced the deformation of the facade panel unit and determined the facade distribution by solar radiation analysis data information. In other words, the design model was a key element of the facade design strategy that improved the aesthetics of the facade and the environmental quality of the interior space. Advanced digital technology further strengthened the principles for these diagrams and maximized the potental and identity of design through a design process called input-analysis-generation-test of data. This potential does not simply mean design results. Diagrams generated in the design process that evolved into innovative designs represent the ultimate potential to build and reform transparent processes through communication between design participants.

This study aims to analyze the main entrances of regional public hospitals responding to infectious diseases after the spread of COVID-19 and to suggest direction for entrance planning in case of future epidemics. The infection control response guidelines were examined, and eight regional public hospitals were visited to research the current entrance access procedures while interviewing hospital facility managers. The purpose of the equipment and facilities installed for infectious disease response and changes in the main entrance area were analyzed by its architectural floor plans. Problems were then derived upon examining the required elements at the entrance and the newly added infectious disease response of visitors flow and procedure. The floor plan of regional public hospitals was classified into four plan types, and the improvement direction of the entrance layout during an infectious disease epidemic was presented. The results showed that there were different responses of entrance procedure with the same plan type. In addition, the suitable entrance flow and procedure reflecting the relative differences and various aspects of each plan type was derived. This study could be used in the future as basic data for the architectural planning direction of a new hospital.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the socio-demographic characteristics of users of social welfare facilities in Seoul using GIS and to suggest implications for finding a direction for spatial improvement that reflects this. This is to improve the safety and convenience of aging social welfare facilities. The method of this study is to investigate the current status of facilities through literature review and to analyze spaces and users based on GIS. The results of this study were as follows; First, the social welfare center in Seoul is old seriously, and the current status of users is changing due to changes in the population of children, youth, and the elderly depending on the region. Second, the overall decrease in the population of children and youth and the increase in the elderly, single-person households, the elderly living alone, low-income households, and foreigners were confirmed. Third, the difference in socio-demographic changes of users by region was confirmed through cluster and ANOVA analysis. Based on the above results, it is necessary to plan so that the space can be used for multiple purposes according to the situation in consideration of the user's needs rather than planning the space by limiting it to a specific user or function. This is because it is constantly changing with socio-demographic changes.

This study aims to investigate research trends of the metaverse, the state-of-the-art technology, in South Korea. After surveying this research topic, the keywords of research papers based on text mining methods such as keyword network analysis and LDA topic modeling were analyzed. There were 637 metaverse articles collected from the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS) published from 2007 to 2022. After pre-processing a total of 240 articles, 722 keywords were prepared for analysis. The results of this study demonstrated several categorized topics and crucial keywords. The most important keyword found in metaverse articles was virtual reality, which was mainly studied in four types of the metaverse. Among the four types, augmented reality and the virtual world appeared as major keywords whereas mirror world and life-logging were not mainly dealt with. Therefore, the keywords mirror world and life-logging can be studied in the future for spatial design and architecture domains. Although multidisciplinary studies are being conducted, it has yet to be thoroughly studied. Many studies have focused on metaverse applications and content as a very important keyword, but the scope has been very limited, especially regarding architecture domain. Lastly, the metaverse platform and user experience seem to be key topics in domestic research that especially focus on major platforms belonging to the virtual world. Thus, in terms of spatial design and architecture, broader research on the metaverse needs to be continuously conducted from a user's perspective. The information and knowledge gained from this study will contribute to conducting future metaverse studies.

Physical poverty in a residential environment has many negative effects on a child's development. This is a preliminary study to empirically identify the negative impact a residential environment has on children in physical housing poverty in Korea. Based on the 2020 Korea Housing Survey data and analysis of 35 previous studies, the seriousness of the residential environment problems that children face in physical housing poverty was estimated and suggestions for future studies in architecture with administrative rules such as minimum housing standards in Korea was presented. The results revealed the necessity to consider the importance or influence of each physical residential environmental factor while organizing these factors more systematically. Additionally, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of Korean housing such as underground and semi-underground housing, differences according to Korea's ondol system, and the high preferences for apartments. Lastly, the minimum housing standards in Korea need to be supplemented and improved based on the contents revealed through previous studies.

In Korea, the increase of empty houses along with the super-aged society is a constant issue. In contrast, Japan, which entered the super-aged society before Korea in 2005, especially in Saga prefecture, mainly operates its own project called 'Community Symbiotic Station,' which mainly utilizes empty houses, and anyone, including elderly, disabled and children, naturally gathers to support various services and activities such as nursing care, care and living support. In this study, the operating entity, building overview and provision services were examined first through the cases of five community symbiotic station offices operated by Saga prefecture in Japan. Next, the survey conducted on the elderly over 65 years old shows that there were many positive responses to establishment of small welfare facilities for the elderly in the region, along with identifying the appropriate number of people, necessary services, and appropriate establishment locations. Based on these results, the possibility of a new small welfare facility for the elderly using empty houses was proposed.

Changes in demographic and social structures, the rapid growth of e-commerce markets, and the spread of the 3PL Market brought shifts in the logistics market. Consumers are no longer looking for cheap bundled products, but short-distance, small-quantity, and frequent purchase patterns that have resulted in the emergence of urban compact distribution centers. Contrary to large logistics centers located outside of the city that serve as the base of a country's logistics network, smaller urban logistics centers serve as the base in an urban area. In this study, B-Mart was chosen because it is an urban compact logistics center based on an online platform that holds the largest number of users and has the fastest delivery time among the new types of urban compact logistics centers. This research examined the correlation between recently changed domestic consumption patterns and distribution centers and analyzed their location and spatial characteristics through case analysis of urban compact logistics centers that are leading the change in the logistics market.

The number of apartment houses built between 1987 and 1990 reached about 735,000 nationwide. Due to the relaxation of the reconstruction years in 2015, the demand for reconstruction of apartment houses that have been built over 30 years ago is increasing. The weight of the reconstruction safety inspection evaluation items has been adjusted by sector. In 2015, the weights of structural safety decreased from 40% to 20% and for residential environment an increase from 15% to 40% of the items were adjusted. In this study, residential environment cases in the field of reconstructing safety inspection adequacy review were analyzed. As a result of analyzing 16 cases, the average age was 35.25 years, showing a distribution of 3.85 to 7.88 points, all of which were grade D. Overall, there was a tendency for bias in scores due to the lack of parking, which is one of the biggest problems of old apartment houses. The residential environment items were not necessarily proportional to the flow of elapsed training or RC/PC structure. Lastly, careful improvement is needed by identifying the effectiveness of the current residential environment adequacy review criteria.

As the number of old apartment buildings increase, the need and demand for remodeling is increasing. To improve the aesthetic features and energy performance of buildings, it is necessary to provide various alternatives for facade design and envelope specification at the early design stage. Iterative evaluation of energy performance and generation of design alternatives require a lot of time and manpower. Therefore, there is a need for an envelope remodeling assistant program to create efficient remodeling alternatives and evaluate their energy performance. The purpose of this study is to develop an assistant program to create alternatives of apartment building facade based on four design algorithms and to evaluate energy performance simultaneously. In addition, the applicability of the program was evaluated by comparing the developed program with ECO2-OD.

In the early 20th century, the Hungarian artist László Moholy-Nagy was regarded as an avant-garde artist who sought to combine science and art in the midst of a rapidly evolving technological civilization that crossed various artistic realms. As a Bauhaus educator, he also attempted to incorporate his ideas into an architectural space with his signature book entitled From Materials to Architecture that showcased his clear orientation towards architecture and space. This study examines the methodology of spatial expression in the paintings he worked on throughout his life by period, among his other artistic activities. The analysis of his paintings up to the 1920s focused on the modernization of Europe in the early 20th century and the changes in style under the influence of avant-garde art history; whereas the spatial representations of his late paintings after the 1930s, lacked prior research, were analyzed through the correlation between the use of new industrial materials and his multidisciplinary artwork activities. The significance of this research is to figure out the process of change in formative expression intended by László Moholy-Nagy's paintings that induce a spatial experience beyond the two-dimensional art work and examine his essential ideas towards the perception of architectural space.

This study attempted to examine the composition method of soil wall structure and the process of change by period after the late Joseon Dynasty through comparative analysis of data related to repair work from the late Joseon Dynasty to the present. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the soil wall of late Joseon period was constructed by four members: junggit(中衿), gasisae(槊), oe(椳), and a roped to wave. Jungit with thin section than total wall by first and second layer, is installed to in the upper and lower inbang(引枋). Gasisae is installed through the middle of the junggit, and grooves are dug in the left and right a columnar line(柱楦, or jamb). Oe is woven with gasisae using rope, and at this time, rope is not woven into Junggit. Depending on the size of the wall, junggit may be omitted. Second, during the Korea under Japanese rule, the composition method of the wall structure in the late Joseon Dynasty was continued and applied as it was. Third, since the 1960s, the composition method of the wall structure has changed to the method of 'Cultural Heritage Repair Standard Specification' enacted by the state. Junggit with one-third of the thickness of inbang and is woven with gasisae and oe. Gasisae and himsal are sometimes omitted. This study will be significant in that it analyzes the construction method of the wall structure, which confirms the difference between the present and the Joseon Dynasty, by dividing the time points into practical examples, photos, and research data. Both methods of the wall should be viewed as the method of constructing the wall structure of architectural heritage, such as the method of reuse as it has been in the past and the method of being modified and constructed according to the current era. Through this study, it is expected that continuous research on traditional walls will be conducted.

Media Architecture is an architectural phenomenon that reached a level of maturity roughly between 2000 and mid-2010s. It demonstrated multifarious ways of mediating disparate realms in data-driven environments by architectural materiality. This study casts new light on three examples of Media Architecture from the perspective of New Materialism, in particular, Karen Barad's Agential Realism. The stakes are on asking how architecture can articulate and spatialize itself through relational materiality in a generic data environment. The analyses evolve around Barad's agential realist concepts of measurement, apparatus, agential cut, mattering, intra-action, and phenomena. The architectural examples include Tower of Winds from 1986, Blur Building from 2002, and D-Tower from 2003. In each example, various modes and scales of how architecture can (re)configure and produce reality as part of the phenomenon that it measures are explored. Lastly, I discuss the role of architecture in the data age in terms of Baradian agency and ongoing historicity and propose what 'Posthumanist Architecture' might be about as future research.

This study aims to comprehend the significance of the New Seoul Plan and the Han River development under Kim Hyun-ok's mayoralty in the late 1960s. As a result of reconstructing the Han River development process in detail, focusing on the interaction between related parties, some notable meanings were found. The Han River development was the fruit of transferring the exploitation system of national land and resources in the Japanese colonial period into the American one. As the full flood control of the Han River became possible through technical aid from America, the Seoul Metropolitan Government(SMG) began to dream of changing its riverside into an urban space. With the fast development of New Seoul, the development authority of the Han River was transferred from the ROK's Ministry of Construction to the SMG, and then the Han River began to be 'Seoulized'. As president Park Chung-hee and the administrative officers of the SMG imagined Seoul's new figure modeled after American cities, the areas around the Han River were reinterpreted as the proper environment to develop a modern riverside city such as Manhattan, New York. The planners proposed the new city center around the Han River in order to overturn the old Seoul's mono-centric structures, and tried to realize their ideal linear city model between Seoul and Incheon. Their challenge failed, however, because the Kyoung-In axis developed from the Japanese colonial period began to decline and the previous geographic cognition on the center and periphery was so strong. The fundamental change the Han River development brought was the emergence of the new city axis along the Han River. It was handled as a minor part of the river development plan, but fully implemented because of its compatibility with reality. That axis became the most important component of new Seoul's space structure. Finally, the Han River development was an attempt to transfer the defense space during wartime to the living space during peacetime, though the special status of the Han River as a militarily strategic location left its traces in the new city.

This study analyzes the master plans chosen as the winner in the Urban Design Concept and Multi-Dimensional Urban & Architectural Space Plan for the 3rd Generation New Town competition that focus on three sites: Namyangju-Wangsuk, Hanam-Gyosan, and Incheon-Gyeyang. The possibility of realizing key design strategies were evaluated by comparing the master plan from the competition and its implementation plan. In the process of developing an implementation plan, lots of design strategies related to space structure, self-sufficiency land use, mixed land use, and special district were modified or discarded because of business, law, and safety related issues. These analysis results showed that the development of commercialization strategy, institutional review, and cooperation between urban planning and other related fields in the initial stages were very important for the realization of this master plan in a New Town development.

This study was limited to proposals for revitalization plans for the types of 'Saving Our Neighborhood' and the types of 'General Neighborhood Regeneration' during the New Deal project. The purpose of the study is to provide an academic foundation that can be used as a reference for future planning by synthesizing each characteristic through investigation and report analysis on each site. Generality and differentiation were analyzed through comparative analysis of the type and number of projects for each project site, the size of the budget, characteristics, and characteristics. For objective research verification, an expert survey was conducted to derive differences in perception and causes between field characteristics and questionnaire groups and to present meaningful conclusions.

The purpose of this study was to examine the small-scale housing improvement project in Seoul and find the characteristics of the project. To do this, 23 research sites were analyzed as site characteristics, planning characteristics, and institutional characteristics. Major finding of this study are as follows : First, when implementing a small-scale housing improvement project, it is expected that a plan for securing infrastructure in the block or above spatial unit is necessary. Second, it is expected that a separate incentive plan will be needed accordingly depending on the use of buildings developed for each small-scale housing improvement project. Third, it is expected that additional supplementation of municipal ordinances related to Seoul will be needed to increase the utilization of items to ease construction regulations stipulated in the act on special cases concerning unoccupied house or small-scale housing improvement.

Since its self-declaration as a pedestrian-friendly city in 2013, Seoul has been conducting various pedestrian environment improvement projects throughout the downtown area. The ultimate goal of these efforts to improve the walking environment is to increase the quantity and quality of walking in the city through the simultaneous installation of a public transport system and a pedestrian network. To encourage pedestrian walking, the establishment of a network of external spaces linked with an open space was set as a guideline during the planning stage; this urban environment maintenance zone was planned and developed in each zone. This study aims to analyze data focusing on the connectivity of open spaces in an urban environment maintenance area that prioritizes activating a pedestrian network. Open space is an auxiliary base that enhances interaction between major bases; it is also a space where social activities occur, an everyday place located in the city center and serves as a key factor in strengthening continuous and well-connected walking. To analyze open space connectivity, three network concepts were used: two-dimension, three-dimension and socio-Spatial. The results showed that two-dimension connectivity was high, whereas three-dimension network and Socio-Spatial network connectivity was low. This was due to a Two-dimension formal plan being applied without considering the purpose of the public space, which should be established based on contact amongst members of society. Based on our analytical findings, important factors for consideration was suggested when creating an external space for a pedestrian network in an urban environment improvement project to be carried out in the future.

This study aims to analyze energy consumption based on physical environmental changes and the occupancy evaluation of remodeled buildings to suggest improvements for future planning of building-specific designs involving the next public buildings green-remodeling projects. Based on the 2020 Green-remodeling Chungcheong Regional Platform, 19 buildings in charge of energy evaluation were examined; desk research. architectural drawings, data analysis, field investigation, energy analysis using ECO2-OD, and surveys conducted on employees from June to November 2021 were analyzed. The results of this research indicated the primary energy consumption reduction rates of target buildings were 0.2-51% with an average of 26.0%; the average green house gas emission reduction was 6,247kgCO₂eq, which confirmed the necessity of green-remodeling projects. However, there were large differences in energy saving rates and cost efficiency according to design and construction of building remodeling. The core contents that should be reflected in the next remodeling planning and design process involve the whole building rather than partial remodeling, green-remodeling items should be selected by prioritizing cost efficiency based on the environmental performance of each building and equipment replacement should be selected after reviewing whether it is suitable for each specific building.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, people tended to spend more time indoors than ever before by making the most of non-face-to-face interactions, remote learning, or working from home. This shift emphasized the need for better ways of defining evaluation criteria for indoor air quality under G-SEED while improving the quality of life for its residents. Under this backdrop, the performance of general houses and apartments, especially in terms of air quality management were examined and compared by analyzing the scores received on the evaluation items for indoor air quality from 30 residential buildings; an application for G-SEED certification from version 2016 to 2016-4 was filed. The results showed that in both general houses and apartments, products that emitted fewer indoor air quality pollutants were applied to more than 70% of the total area. When it came to ventilation performance, general houses were found to rely mostly on openable windows to achieve the desired ventilation performance, while apartments received good marks mainly due to mechanical ventilation systems. This clearly demonstrated that although general houses and apartments are all residential buildings, they differ in terms of licensing processes, business plan approval, the number of households residing, and scale. This may lead to a stark contrast in how they are scored in terms of ventilation performance. This study aims to propose useful guidelines for construction materials and ventilation performance under G-SEED that reflect the characteristics of general houses and apartments while enhancing the validity of the evaluation items for indoor air quality. From a practical standpoint, all of these tools will serve as a means to improve the health of all residents.

In recent years, interest in fire-resistant structures is also increasing significantly in Korea. Fire resistance structures in Korea are applied based on specification design, but recent research results that can apply performance design have been published through a research project by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. The performance design is already allowed to apply the fire resistance structure performance design of the 'Rules on the Standards for Evacuation and Fire Protection of Buildings, etc'. Therefore, in this study, a fire-resistant spray or paint was applied to the HyFo composite beam, fire resistance performance tests were conducted, and structural performance tests were conducted on the same specimens to evaluate the residual strength after a fire. As a result of the fire resistance test for 3 hours of the specimens to which the fire-resistant spray was applied, the average temperature was found to be less than about 300 ℃ and the maximum temperature was less than about 400 ℃. In addition, as a result of structural performance tests to confirm the residual strength after a fire, it was confirmed that all of them secured the nominal strength or higher. Therefore, it is judged that the structural performance of the composite beam, which has ensured fire resistance performance by applying fire-resistant spray or paint, will not significantly degrade even after the fire for 3 hours.

Recently, earthquakes with a magnitude of as more than 5.0 occurred in 2016 and 2017. A lot of damage to small buildings and private house. Therefore, the scope of the building that needs to be checked to structure safety has been expanded to as more than 2 stories or as more than 200m² . However, scope of the wooden structure building that needs to be checked to structure safety is as more than 3 stories or as more than 500m² due to the lack of structural design experience and experts. So, wooden structure buildings that are mainly composed less than 2 stories are usually excluded the target from checked structure safety. Therefore, in this study, a horizontal loading experiment is performed by rabbet dovetail joint of traditional wooden structure. Based on the experimental results, the behavioral performance and safety of the rabbet dovetail joints are evaluated. In addition, we present a hysteresis model of the rabbet dovetail joint the equivalent damping constant in the hysteresis curve due to the cyclic load.

The purpose of this study is to present a method of updating the model-based stiffness matrix using the measured data in static system and expanding to the displacements at all degrees of freedom. Using the measured data set as a constraint, the mathematical form of the updated stiffness matrix is derived using the least squares method to minimize the difference between the analytical and actual stiffness matrices. The expanded displacement responses include the rotation responses. The validity of the proposed method is illustrated in two numerical examples to update the stiffness matrix and expand the displacements of a cantilevered beam and a truss structure.

This study examined the dynamic properties of a seismic damping-isolation SDI unit developed to enhance the seismic capacity of suspended ceiling structures. The developed SDI unit consisted of springs, vibration-proof rubber and bolts; a prestress force was introduced to improve the damping capacity of each material. The main variables involved whether or not the bolt introduced prestress force and included the number of layers of vibration-proof rubber. As a result of a shaking table test, the response acceleration, relative displacement, and amplification coefficients of SDI unit decreased 55.68%, 49.26%, and 56.89%, respectively compared to general hangar bolts, while the damping ratio increased by about 1.47 times. Based on these experimental results, for the SDI unit, the magnitude of the prestress force of 0.1 in the bolt and the vibration-proof rubber laminated in two are recommended.

The purpose of this study is to discuss the applicability, strengthening effect and improvements when an externally post-tensioned steel rod system is applied to a fire-damaged reinforced concrete (RC) beam. A total of twelve specimens were prepared in three groups and tested to fail. Group one was not heated, and group two and group three were heated to 700℃ and 1,000℃, respectively. In each group, one beam without externally post-tensioned steel rods was designated as a control beam and three beams had the externally post-tensioned steel rods of 18 mm, 22 mm or 28 mm in diameter. The initial effective tension of about 2,000𝜇ε was applied to the steel rods. Test results indicated that this can be applied to fire-damaged RC because externally post-tensioning increased the load-carrying capacity by more than 67%. However, additional reinforcement is required in the part where the deviator and anchorage are installed since the concrete surface is weakened by moisture evaporation at high temperatures.

School facilities are the center of a local community; due to its role, it is progressing most rapidly in promoting seismic reinforcement projects for public facilities. In accordance with the School Facility Seismic Performance Evaluation and Reinforcement Manual, a school facility seismic reinforcement project is primarily determined through a linear analysis evaluation method and the project is terminated if it is evaluated to have seismic performance. In the case of existing school facilities with shear walls, there were cases where it was considered to have seismic performance due to shear walls with excellent lateral resistance performance during a linear analysis evaluation. However, in some of these cases, detailed analysis of the weak shear wall had not been conducted due to the controlling strength ratio calculated by the arithmetic mean. This study analyzed the limitations of the governing strength ratio calculated by the existing arithmetic mean and proposed a method to calculate the governing strength ratio by considering the possibility of power redistribution and destruction of components to supplement for these limitations.

As humans began to use fossil energy such as coal and oil through the Industrial Revolution two centuries ago, the amount of CO₂ emitted into the atmosphere began to increase rapidly. One of the main causes of CO₂ is the construction industry, and research to solve it is being actively conducted. Accordingly, in this study, a permeable block mixed with photosynthetic cyanobacteria was manufactured and the flexural strength, compressive strength, permeability coefficient, and CO₂ adsorption performance were analyzed. As a result of the experiment, as the mixing ratio of the cyanobacteria culture solution increased, the flexural and compressive strength of the cement matrix decreased, but the CO₂ adsorption performance increased. In the case of aggregate mixing, as the mixing ratio increased, the flexural and compressive strength decreased, but the CO₂ adsorption performance and permeability increased.

This study developed a biodegradable coating approach for crack self-healing pellets produced using cementitious materials, bacteria to prevent physical damage and minimize previous reactivity with water from the pellets during the mixing phase of concrete. This study aims to examine the crack healing efficiency of biodegradable coating pellets through hydrostatic permeability tests using mortar specimens with nominal crack widths of 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm. Test results showed that the biodegradable coating pellets insignificantly affected the compressive strength gain of mortars. The crack healing rate due to the addition of these pellets was estimated to be 91-97% for crack width of 0.3 mm and 37-55% for crack width of 0.5 mm. These rates corresponded to a 10% higher efficiency when compared to that measured for non-coated pellets.

If aggregate containing a large amount of weathered clay fine particles was used as material for concrete, the quality performance of the concrete would deteriorate. Nevertheless, there is no method for assessing weathered clay fine particles in Korea. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine a method for assessing weathered clay fine particles contained in fine aggregate for concrete. As an assessment method, the 0.08 mm sieve passing amount method was verified, and the suitability and possibility for the assessment method of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and methylene blue shared as a chemical method was confirmed. As a result, the 0.08 mm sieve passing amount method was somewhat limited because it couldn't analyze these components in principle. On the other hand, it was possible to assess the weathered clay fine particles by a chemical reaction method using methylene blue or a method of analyzing components using XRF. In addition, since the XRF method can quantitatively analyze these components, it is considered that the measurement deviation can be minimized and effective assessment is possible.

This study aims to evaluate the compressive strength of mortar and the carbon performance index of limestone composite cement to offer a couple of ways to reduce carbon emission in the cement industry. For this purpose, limestone cement made from two types of limestone powders with different fineness was tested under the same W/B and mortar flow conditions. As a result, under the same W/B condition, the mortar flow increased as the replacing rate of limestone increased, but the compressive strength decreased at all ages. On the other hand, under the same flow conditions, the compressive strength during days 1 to 3 decreased with the increase in limestone replacing rate; it was confirmed that the compressive strength of the mortar incorporating limestone for 28 days exhibited an almost same strength level with that of OPC mortar. To evaluate the carbon performance index of limestone cement more accurately, it is suggested that compressive strength and carbon performance should be considered at realistic conditions considering workability such as flow and slump, rather than at the same W/B and constant binder amount conditions.

Most of the maintenance and safety inspections of buildings are performed with visual assessment of the inspector, which consumes a lot of time and cost. With the development of computer vision and digital technologies such as 3D Laser scanners, automatic defect recognition using image processing and artificial intelligence has been widely studied. Current approach is largely relying on the image obtained from the camera and the recognition performance could be varied depending on the surrounding environment. Recently, studies using 3D Laser scanner are being conducted to solve these problems. However, terrestrial laser scanners are expensive, so it is difficult to apply at the construction site. Therefore, this study proposed a method that can recognize masonry wall defects using a Microelectromechanical systems based Light Detection and Ranging sensor that having much lower price and reliable performance. This study was performed using masonry wall structures and data were collected from samples having various types of defects in a laboratory environment. Masonry wall defects were recognized using ResNet-50 and VGG16 models, which are widely used in previous studies. As a result of the classification, ResNet-50 and VGG16 achieved 98.75% and 96.88% accuracy, respectively. The results of this study can be utilized in the development of real-time defect recognition method for a masonry wall at construction sites.

Small and medium-sized construction projects account for the absolute majority of construction projects in Korea and contribute greatly to the national economic development. However, there is a lack of awareness of productivity in small and medium-sized projects, resulting in a number of economic losses or safety problems. Therefore, it is necessary to identify major factors and causes that hinder productivity during construction and to suggest measures to improve productivity. This study established a classification system for factors impeding productivity through systematic literature review and Focus group interview as preliminary investigation. Through a two rounds of Modified Delphi method, the lack of worker responsibility, irresponsible drawing plan that ignore site conditions and construction ability, excessive design changes, incorrect work plan, interference between tasks due to urgent works, lack of safety issues were chosen as major factors impeding productivity. As a result of conducting interviews with experts to derive the cause of the factors and improvement measures, it was found that insincere manpower and incorrect design and construction plan in the initial stage impeded productivity severe. Consequently, vocational education for workers, introduction of modified cost calculation methods for small and medium-sized construction, and the active introduction of smart technology need to be conducted to improve productivity in small and medium-sized construction projects. This provides a theoretical basis for future research on the productivity of small and medium-sized construction projects and suggests solutions to the future crisis facing small and medium-sized construction companies.

This study developed a construction safety management platform based on CSI's field accidents and fatalities big data. Although CSI can cumulate construction accident big data, its application has had no significant impact on the reduction of construction accidents. This study managed and analyzed this big data for construction field application. Association analysis was applied for developing frequently occurring accident scenarios and WBS-RBS framework was developed to show which part of work and activity was considered riskier and how. A developed dashboard can find related accident records and show the danger levels when certain work is done in advance. Also, a checklist can show the risk level of certain tasks and how to minimize construction field accidents in advance. Therefore, developing a safety management platform could help reduce construction accidents and prevent fatalities before attempting to work on risky tasks. The application of a developed system could be useful even for small construction companies and projects because of it being easily accessible.

This study aims to analyze the supply and demand status of small and medium-sized construction sites to present practical improvement measures that address future issues involving the shortage of construction engineers. The analysis results indicated the overall supply and demand of manpower at these construction sites was unbalanced and construction companies were special, intermediate, and CM or Eng. These companies were identified as having a serious level of express and beginner level status. The main reasons for the imbalance were avoidance of employment in the construction sector, hiring non-regular workers such as field recruitment and PJ along with preferential hiring of experienced workers. To resolve this supply and demand imbalance at small and medium-sized construction sites, this study presented a plan to introduce new technical personnel, maintain existing technical staff, train technical workers, and develop a model for predicting manpower supply.