The purpose of this study is to find the new way for the creative city which has its memory and sense of place. For an in-depth understanding of the city, we needed to know on how the urban space is reproduced. This study is consisted of three areas as followings: The first part, as a theoretical study, reviews the method of this study. Through humanistic approach, this is studied about the theory of images-souvenir by Henri Bergson and the theory of Semiotics by Charles S. Pierce. The second part, after studying Choryang, which has a representative history and culture of Busan, it is investigated the current status of Choryang's current urban regeneration and raised the need for a new method for urban regeneration. The last part, it is classified into three types of the spatial regeneration, the Sanbokdoro Renaissance Project of Choryang in Busan City and used to suggest the creative images of city grasped by the reflective thought. The result of analytical reviews is synthesized and studied the possibility of whether this methodology from a humanities perspective can be applied to urban planning or regeneration.

Infectious diseases such as COVID-19 has caused a critical shortage in a number of negative pressure isolation rooms in responding to treat confirmed patients around the world. After the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome(MERS) crisis in 2015, the Korean government revised the law on the prevention and management of infectious diseases by assigning state-designated infectious disease hospitals or by adjusting the interval of emergency room bed usage, but it was insufficient in responding to the rapid increase in number of cases within a short period of time. As a result, it is necessary to provide a quick and efficient solution in increasing a number of usable negative pressure wards that can be utilized by the existing hospital facilities. Modular units could be a solution due to its flexibility and quick manufacturing time. Therefore, the goal of this study is to develop spatial size requirement for modular negative pressure isolation units to cope with national disasters and emergencies such as epidemics.

The importance of establishing a regional living area outside the boundaries of administrative districts is emerging. This is because if an appropriate spatial range reflecting population movement is not considered, the results of spatial concentration and dispersion may proceed very quickly, resulting in bias of population movement and population imbalance. Recently, research has begun to set a region by processing log records of mobile base station data into passing data. Therefore, in this study, based on mobile mobile travle data provided by SKT base station, it was processed and constructed as an OD matrix for external and internal movement of the workplace population in Gyeongsangnam-do, and then centrality analysis and cohesion analysis were conducted. As a result of centrality measurement and community analysis, in the connection degree centrality analysis, out-of-province movement was high in Gimhae-si, Yangsan-si, and Changwon-si. In the case of movement within the province, it can be seen that Changwon-si and Gimhae-si, Haman-gun have more potential than other regions. The results of the betweenness centrality analysis were high in Changwon-si, Gimhae-si, Jinju-si, and Hamyang-gun in the case of out-of-province movement. In the case of internal movement, Changwon-si, Jinju-si, Haman-gun, and Gimhae-si were high. The results of the eigenvcector centrality analysis were high in Gimhae-si, Yangsan-si, and Changwon-si in the case of out-of-province movement. In the case of movement within the province, it was found that Changwon-si, Gimhae-si, and Haman-gun showed high power centrality. Finally, a cohesion analysis was conducted based on the movement network of the workplace population in Gyeongsangnam-do. Through this, groups with strong cohesion even within the network were grouped into several subgroups according to certain criteria, and the central commuting area was derived. As a result of the analysis, the moving community of the workplace population outside of Gyeongsangnam-do was divided into a total of four communities, and the moduarlity was 0.833 and was derived as a relatively objective value. The moving community of the workplace population in Gyeongsangnam-do was also divided into four communities, and modularity was also analyzed as a relatively objective value of 0.808. This study is meaningful in that it examines commuting and traffic areas at the level of local small and medium-sized cities, and a new plan execution space unit called commuting and traffic areas of the workplace population was derived. In the future, it can be considered as a basic reference indicator in the promotion of regional plans at the urban level.

With the development of various technologies, a brand's space should evolve into an area that delivers new experiences and values through the integration of such technologies. This study focuses on the use of Spatial Augmented Reality (SAR) from an experiential marketing perspective when planning a brand's space. SAR is an Augmented Reality technology that is directly implemented into a space and can increase a consumer's experience using an optical device without a mobile device or an HMD. Through theory reviews, experiential marketing cases, an experiment and questionnaires, SAR was analyzed to see how it could be implemented to increase spatial presence and induce positive spatial experiences. The experiential marketing elements for SAR involved sensory, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral stimulation; the presence was derived through the evaluation of experimental participants. As a result, all experiential marketing factors were found to have had a significant impact on spatial presence; particularly, the sensory factor had the most impact on it. The results of this study can be utilized for experiential marketing implementation methods and to increase spatial presence when factoring SAR into a future brand space.

The opinions of potential residents regarding the effectiveness of university-affiliated public rental housing supply were analyzed by focusing on community facilities and their operating programs. A literature review and a survey were conducted on potential residents that targeted 424 university students. Upon analysis, it was confirmed that the necessity of a health club and study room among the community facilities had the greatest influence on one's intention to live in university-affiliated public rental housing reflecting a significant difference between the two groups. These results suggested that university students were very interested in health and academics, and they were more likely to live in a residential space with related facilities. On the other hand, no significant results were obtained regarding the need for housing services. In terms of operation and management, the management cost item had an impact on the intention to live revealing a significant difference between the two groups. For university students, the housing service was a factor in the increase of management costs, therefore it is important to consider reducing housing costs above all else.

This study examines factors that affect the fear of crime experienced by single-person households living in multi-family housing (general or piloti buildings) that require high levels of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). There was a significant correlation between the window size of a low-story house and the fear of violence during the day and at night based on the experiment results. Additionally, it was found that parking in front of buildings was significantly positively related to the fear of crime, including burglary and violence during the day. For crime prevention building criteria related to multi-family housing, the ratio of factors applied to facilities was much higher than architectural factors. In conclusion, architectural standards should be developed to enhance the natural surveillance of windows and staircases, as well as to clarify the territoriality of the first-floor entrance space (parking as well as a pedestrian).

This study first considers why Le Corbusier's architecture was not well-accepted in terms of eco-friendly architecture by examining the sustainable and passive eco-friendly aspects that were not common at the time of his architectural work and its meaning. Despite his ideal and bold urban planning proposals, his attempts and failures in Moscow and Paris followed by restrictions from the international style, it was confirmed that an eco-friendly perspective for sanitation through sunlight and ventilation was valued and made evident in his Les 5 Points de L'architecture Nouvelle. When there was little awareness of environmental protection, it was confirmed that Le Corbusier's attention to deployment that considered direction of the sun and the wind, shadow formation through brise-soleil and toiture-parasol, and natural ventilation through duplex and interior emptying in hot areas revealed the environmentally friendly aspects of today's passive and sustainable architecture. Architectural measures in these areas where it was impossible to install and operate air conditioning facilities due to economic problems could be seen as an active consideration of architecture providing for its residents.

Even after several centuries, it is still a prerequisite for a commercial street to be in contact with shops and streets. However, as urbanization progressed, shops began to appear on the upper floors of buildings, and various problems surfaced. To address this issue, the introduction of exterior stairs recently began to be incorporated into commercial facilities. This phenomenon in the commercial district near Hongdae starts in Seogyo-dong and spreads to Yeonnam-dong through Sangsu-dong and is particularly evident in the Miro-gil area in Yeonnam-dong in section 33 of Donggyo-ro 38-gil. As commercialization proceeded first in this area, the fences of existing houses were demolished, and the front open spaces and balconies of these buildings were opened to the public. Additionally, a street contact space with various levels formed that actively utilized the semi-underground space. In this space, the direction of the entrance of existing exterior stairs changed where the street and shop were directly connected to attract pedestrians to enter. As a result, the three-dimensionalization of the commercial street and the accessibility to the upper part of these commercial buildings were greatly improved. The three-dimensional contact space was used in various ways depending on the purpose of the store; it was particularly used more actively when the level of the road and the contact space were different, and the exterior stairs were visually exposed to pedestrians. Pedestrians could intuitively grasp information about these shops from the street level by looking at people visiting the shops located in the upper parts of these commercial facilities. Such scenes provided pedestrians with various attractions and options along with shop information that revitalized commercial streets.

This study explores countermeasures to a super-aged society from the perspective of architectural space design. By systematically analyzing domestic research trends related to the care and space for the elderly, major research topics and contents were identified with its problems and implications. Based on this, future research directions for elderly space were suggested. Research trends were identified by collecting prior research literature related to care for the elderly and elderly space by conducting a systematic literature review and keyword network analysis. As a result of literature analysis, it was found that related research increased significantly from 2020 onwards, and was mainly conducted in social sciences related to public administration and policy. There have been many studies aimed at suggesting elderly welfare services, systems, policy directions, guidelines, and alternatives. User-centered research was conducted to understand the consciousness and behavior of the elderly. As for research methods, many qualitative studies such as literature surveys and interview surveys considering the characteristics of the elderly were conducted. According to the keyword network analysis results, community care was a key keyword and showed a strong connection with keywords such as elderly, elderly care, and elderly care service. These keywords were linked to residence for the elderly, housing welfare facilities for the elderly, and home care service. It was found that a lot of research on the living space of the elderly was conducted. On the other hand, there were many studies focused on services, institutions and policies, but relatively few studies related to architectural space design. From the perspective of architectural space design, studies related to care and space for the elderly require a study on comprehensive residential space planning and design for the elderly as it relates to community care.

The purpose of this study is to uncover the possibilities and limitations during the process of taking algorithm design methodologies for architectural design through literature and applying them to an actual architectural design project. This research was conducted by deriving specific architectural concepts using a neural network structure of consciousness collected by automatic technology known as automatism. Additionally, it involved establishing and analyzing design motifs for the design development of derived concepts, determining parameters through the analysis of the growth process of coral reef, constructing morphological algorithms by the developed rules and parameters, and then applying these to an actual architectural design project. The results revealed an algorithm design methodology for architectural design that opens the possibility of technological innovation in all procedures of architecture through the derivation of principles and algorithmic flowcharts. Lastly, another logical approach was prepared to obtain the concept and form of architecture through two methodologies that appear to be based on these principles and algorithms.

In modern society, interest in mental health due to mental stress and psychological imbalance is increasing. 6·E·H flexibility coordinates were created so that a balanced healing environment could be organized in the context of social change, and the applicability of these coordinates were suggested. Based on previous Korean and foreign studies, six elements(6·E·H) that can analyze the healing environment along with flexibility coordinates centered on these elements were derived. An analysis tool diagram was then organized to compare Korean and foreign healing environment elements, and changes between their interactions in the Un-tact era were identified. Through this, the location of the healing environment element in the current situation can be confirmed by the coordinates. This can suggest flexible coordinate movements for a balanced healing environment through adjustments made. The various analysis tools and coordinates summarized in this study are expected to be useful indicators for providing an appropriate healing environment that reflects society and humans in three dimensions.

As the world approaches a super-aged society, urban-level responses towards the elderly are being actively carried out in the forms of an Age-Friendly City and a Healthy City. Through several preceding studies, the pedestrian-friendly neighborhood environment affected the health of residents was revealed. This study aims to analyze factors that influence the walking activities of elderly people. The spatial scope was set to Yatap-3-dong in Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, and the subject was set to 25 elderly people living in that area. The elderly's gait activity data was collected using GPS, and the factors influencing gait activity were derived through expert evaluations, interviews, and observational surveys. The analysis results of 413 of the 600 trips or 68.8% of the elderly were derived from the GPS survey and the trip log survey showed that the elderly had high walking dependence. The average walking distance of the elderly per week was 9,419.0 m, and the average walking time was 248.1 minutes. The comparative analysis results of the space frequently used by the elderly and the control group from expert evaluation revealed that the elderly often used streets and public spaces with high pedestrian safety, connectivity, and was sensually comfortable. In the 28 routes or 6.78% of the walking trips taken by the elderly, not only were detours confirmed, but they walked an additional 285.1 m. An accompanying survey and interview results showed that the elderly considered their safety from vehicles, crime, social activity opportunities, slopes, stairs, and scenery when choosing walking routes. This study was significant in that it laid the foundation for the design of an age-friendly neighborhood environment by empirically analyzing the characteristics of elderly walking activities and deriving walking influence factors.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the process of change in the method of using gate pavilion and perception during the Japanese colonial period. After 1905, the city walls were deconstructed. And the gate pavilion of the early colonial period was used for a different purpose than before. Japan used it for administrative facilities, exhibitions, and lectures through the pre-modern symbolism and geographical advantages of gate pavilion. Depending on the city, it was divided into using the gate pavilion as it is or transforming it into an internal space. Since the 1930s, there have been no cases in which gate pavilions have been used. In this background, there was the situatioin of gate pavilion, which is becoming isolated from urban organizations, and the securing of local administrative facilities after the 1920s. Eventually, with the enactment of 'Law for Conservation' in 1933, the gate pavilion was completely converted from the object of utilizaion to the object of appreciation. By analyzing this process, it is significant in that it improves the understanding of the gate pavilion divided into pre-modern and modern times.

This study aims to derive an architectural identity by analyzing the image inherent in the Japanese sense of beauty. To this end, based on the concept of reduction orientation as a theoretical basis, it was intended to examine the Japanese sense of beauty and expression that appeared in housing works from the perspective of Koreans. As the subject of the study, it was limited to the JIA Award-winning houses that can represent modern Japanese houses. As for the research method, after reviewing the literature on Japanese aesthetic consciousness, related domestic prior studies were analyzed and a survey was conducted. As a result of the study, the characteristics of expressing reduction orientation were synthesized through the analysis of the frequency at which the expression vocabulary of each housing work was selected.

In the early 1960s, it was argued that the hipped roof of Sungnyemun, the main gate of Seoul, was originally a gable-on-hip roof. Through recently discovered materials, this study aims to investigate this claim. In 2008, Sungnyemun Gate was damaged in a fire, various materials were examined and discovered until it was restored in 2013 amid national interest. One of them is an analysis of the age of the wooden members, and the other is an actual measurement drawings made before the first dismantling and repair work in the 1960s. Combining these two types of data and the records at the time of its dismantling in the 1960s, it can be seen that Sungnyemun had a gable-on-hip roof, but was changed to a hipped roof during its construction in the 1860s. The structural difference between the hipped roof and the gable-on-hip roof appears in the part of short-rafter, not in the part of the long-rafter. This study looked closely at the short-rafter part by dividing it into a longitudinal section and a cross section.

This study compares and examines the vertical movement ramp spaces of representative modern architectural buildings of the Villa Savoye and the Guggenheim Museum; the personality development theory of the object relations theory was closely examined to determine if the spiral that Anthony Vidler saw as an example of Warped Space could be suitable for future architectural spaces. The purpose of this study was to analyze which stage of the personality development theory these works corresponded to. The results indicated that the central ramp space on the first floor of the Villa Savoye symbolized a three-dimensional space of gaze as the dispersion and combination of gaze were repeated when successive sequences were analyzed based on Lacan's gaze theory. When comparing the Villa Savoye with Klein's personality development theory, the central ramp space on the first floor corresponded to the stage of the editorial position. The analysis of the spiral ramp at the Guggenheim Museum based on Lacan's gaze theory revealed that unlike the ramp space on the first floor of the Villa Savoye, the stage of gaze developed by the repetition of gaze was not limited to the space of the ramp, but the awareness of the audience of the entire Guggenheim space was expanded. The spiral ramp at the Guggenheim Museum corresponded to a space of the stage regarding the paranoid schizoid position in Klein's personality development theory. Lastly, comparing the ramp space, which is the vertical movement space of modern architecture, Klein's personality development theory found that the spiral form that Vidler insisted to be closest to the space of the warped space corresponded more to the developmental stage than the general ramp space form.

Since the announcement of Urban Regeneration 2.0 in Seoul, the Seoul urban regeneration project is taking a new turn. This study aims to make suggestions regarding directional moves for Seoul's intermediary organization. The interview data limited to the answers involving the problems and limitations of the intermediary organization of the Seoul Package Lab proceeded by the Seoul Metropolitan Council were reanalyzed. Based on this database, five factors that influenced securing sustainability of the intermediary organization were identified; Suwon Sustainable City Foundation was suggested as an alternative case for finding an adaptable counterplan to the actual regeneration project. The analysis results of these five factors revealed it was necessary to find alternatives for securing stable employment to increase the efficiency and the quality of this project. Therefore, a potential alternative was proposed for a new form of an intermediary organization that comprehensively looks at urban problems in various dimensions. For a smooth urban regeneration project operation, it was suggested to ensure a certain legal status for domestic urban regeneration intermediary organizations. Efforts for securing autonomy from the administration should be prepared with complementary attempts and efforts by both the administration and these organizations. Lastly, a clear division of roles between city-local-community level intermediary organizations should be supplemented in the guidelines for urban regeneration New Deal projects.

The purpose of this study is to examine the development process and derive the meaning of the settlement project through comparing it with the simultaneous housing policy, which is thought to have been the starting point for the formation of urban spaces in the outskirts of Seoul. At the end of the 1950s, when the restoration of the Korean War and free aid from aid organizations were ending, the Seoul Metropolitan Government attempted to carry out various housing policies. At that time, public housing construction was designated as Korea's housing authority; apart from that, the settlement project began as a relief project by the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs that continued to respond to changes over the years despite numerous failures. The settlement project was developed in the order of refugee settlement project, victim settlement project, evicted resident settlement project and displaced people settlement project according to the change in the project target by period. Settlements were also meaningful as urban dwellings in Seoul through a continuous policy settlement during the urban formation period, but spatially, they were located along the topography or at the boundary of newly incorporated land. The identification of settlement projects and settlements were also the starting point for grasping the process of Seoul's modern expansion and actual urbanization

The purpose of this study is to present the applicability of the in-situ measurement method of an air source heat pump as part of the energy diagnosis of existing buildings. For this purpose, the air enthalpy difference method for outdoor equipment in an air-source heat pump system was focused on. Two pilot projects were attempted to confirm the accuracy of the air enthalpy difference method in the cooling performance diagnosis of the air source heat pump operated in the field. The field test results confirmed that the compressor set energy conservation (CSEC) method required more expertise in the cooling performance measurement of an air source heat pump and was suitable for short-term investigation within a day. The cooling performance of the air-source heat pump by the air enthalpy difference method in the outdoor unit had a mean error of 10% compared to the CSEC method. Nevertheless, it showed that this method was more suitable for the simplified in-situ measurement method because it had the advantages of ease of measurement and the simple analysis processing method required for in-situ energy performance diagnosis.

The purpose of this study is to suggest KPI service result level as quantitative index of users' claims in order to analyze level of maintenance management of building services. And, the actual buildings were analyzed by applying the mobile messenger platform to helpdesk service of building maintenance. The efficiency of the building maintenance system was evaluated by analyzing response time of users' claim and evaluating effect on maintenance characteristics of buildings. As a result of this study, the level of KPI service results for users' claim work was presented, and the effect of handling users' claims with the mobile messenger platform on action time of claim was analyzed. And, through this, it is possible to present a system that can grasp the action time of the maintenance organization in real time for user claims.

Providing appropriate illuminance level is important for occupant's productivity and visual comfort. Many attempts have been made to quantify occupant's preferred illuminance level as well as occupant's lighting control behavior. In this study, the authors performed three uncertainty analyses of indoor illuminance level and control behavior in 17 residential households. The degree of such uncertainty were analyzed using Wasserstein Distance, a difference in mean/max illuminance and the probability of lighting control behavior. It was found that indoor illuminance level and lighting control are highly stochastic. This study indicates that a new approach is required to better understand the level of preferred indoor illuminance levels and lighting control in a living room space of residential buildings.

In order to predict and manage the amount of power output of a photovoltaic system in a distributed grid, solar radiation prediction is essential. In order to increase the accuracy of the solar radiation prediction model, data measured at the target location where the power plant is located should be used. However, if there is no observation data, public data such as ASOS and AWS operated by the government can be effectively utilized. if the target location is far away from the station, uncertainty in the prediction is expected to increase due to the difference in distance. In this study, in order to solve this problem, solar radiation was estimated using inverse distance weighted interpolation (IDW), a spatial statistical technique that can estimate the values of unsampled locations. In addition, the possibility of application of the inverse distance weighted interpolation (IDW) was confirmed by validating the prediction model as a case study of six solar power plants in operation. As a result, the average MAPE of study cases was 9.05%, which was found to be 1.27 times more accurate on average than the nearest ASOS, respectively. In particular, it was confirmed that the inverse distance weighted interpolation (IDW) prediction error was the lowest in July, and the accuracy of the prediction was higher in regions with denser contours of predicted solar radiation.

In this study, a dilution-based evaluation and on-site measurement of cross-infection risk using tracer gas transmission was proposed. Since the existing Wells-Riley model does not obtain a spatial distribution of infection risk, it was difficult to make effective alternatives to prevent cross-infection in buildings. The newly proposed approach benchmarked and integrated the dilution ratio and the classic Wells-Riley model and tracer gas test method. Compared with the Wells-Riley model, there were two advantages: the evaluation of the infection risk by spatial location with continuous time interval, and the convenience of actual in-situ measurement. Even if the locations of the infector and health care workers were not fixed in the room, it could be used to determine the spatial distribution of the infection risk based on the calculation of the dilution ratio at the measurement point. The dilution ratio at sampling point was used to calculate the inhaled amount of airborne pathogens for which the infection risk was calculated. As for the on-site test method using tracer gas transmission, a framework and procedure that could evaluate the infection risk by location in a single space and cross-infection between rooms was presented. The amount of tracer gas dosed for the source of pollution or infector presented quantitative values of the breathing rate and AGMPs.

Structural analysis is performed to understand the seismic performance of the structure, and nonlinear time history analysis is performed for clearer analysis. When performing nonlinear time history analysis, it is reviewed whether the design earthquake wave has a value above a certain level for the response spectrum of the target ground. The seismic performance of the structure is determined by the maximum rotation angle of member for each direction generated during the duration of the seismic wave. However, in the current KDS 41 17 00, there is no mention of the duration of the design earthquake wave. The review range for seismic wave duration is reviewed in accordance with ASCE 4-98 for 5%-75% of Arias Intensity and 5%-95% of the integrated area of seismic waves. Nonlinear time history analysis is performed on a 5-story reinforced concrete structure using the selected design earthquake wave. As a result of the analysis, the timing of determining the seismic performance level of the structure is different for each seismic wave, but using an earthquake wave calculated below 67.72% of Arias Intensity of the original seismic wave may result in different results.

Recent earthquakes in South Korea have resulted in various seismic reinforcements being developed with a focus on a building's seismic performance. Among vibration devices, Korea has been actively studying Steel Hysteretic Dampers due to its characteristics of having exceptional plastic deformation capacity and advantages in horizontal resistance in the instance of earthquakes. However, the disadvantages of Steel Hysteretic Dampers involve its difficulties during the application to three-dimensional shapes and its inability to serve as a reinforcement to buildings once the strut has been destroyed. This study proposes a damper model with twice the displacement along with the ability to secondary behavior after the strut has been destroyed and can be applied in its flat form. For this experiment, wooden structures were selected to apply reinforcement construction methods in situations where large deformations could occur. The results revealed there was a synergistic effect with the increase in strength for all specimens, and the possibility of preventing overturning through secondary behavior.

In this study, a design method for estimating the flexural strength of a composite underground wall in which a filled square tube pile and a building basement wall were combined was presented. When earth pressure is applied to the composite basement wall, most of the earth pressure is transmitted to the building wall through low-rigidity piles not combined with the basement wall. Flexural deformation between the two members occurs due to the difference in the flexural stiffness between the not combined pile and the basement wall. Accordingly, since tensile stress as well as shear stress along the interface are generated in the shear connector. An flexural strength calculation process that could reflect the state of the interface of the joint was presented and compared with actual experimental results in this paper. As a result, when the composite ratio was less than 100%, it was found that the filled square steel tube pile and the RC wall behaved completely independent under the consideration of the joint opening. In this case, the sum of each independent flexural strength was found to be close to the actual experimental results rather than the flexural strength by composite action. The calculated moment showed good correspondence with the experimental results. Therefore, through this calculation process, it is possible to predict the flexural strength of the composite basement wall in case opening deformation occurs between the filled square tube pile and the RC wall.

An experimental study was conducted with the type and reinforcement amount of fiber roving as variables in order to understand the bending performance of mortar thin plate members reinforced with fiber roving. The ultimate purpose of the experiment is to determine whether a mortar thin plate member can be manufactured and whether fiber roving distributed in the thin plate member can serve as a tensile material. As a result of the study, the fiber roving distributed in the thin mortar plays a sufficient role as a tensile reinforcing material, and the theoretical and experimental equations are compared based on the basic bending theory, and the two values are relatively well matched.

This study analyzes the performance change characteristics (deterioration characteristics) of the self-adhesive waterproofing sheet when exposed to a chemical deteriorated Environment according to the content of recycled butyl rubber, focusing on the adhesive strength (with CRC board surface & between sheet joint). This study was conducted to prepare a database that can be applied to the formulation design for As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the performance degradation occurs relatively large when exposed to an acid environment among chemical degradation environments. Accordingly, the recycled butyl rubber content must be limited to 44% to achieve similar performance to the recycled butyl rubber content of 67% of the untreated test sample. confirmed to be obtainable. Based on the above results, it was suggested that the appropriate mixing range of recycled butyl rubber considering the performance degradation after field application when manufacturing the self-adhesive waterproofing sheet is up to 44% compared to the total rubber content.

According to the current specifications of repair for heritage buildings, the sand coat wall should be plastered using organic additives. However, the concentration of these additives that influence the finish and quality of the wall was not specified. The understanding of wall finishing materials is currently low regarding concentration properties and has been too dependent on the experience and the sense of workers in this field. In this study, the influence of material properties of three organic additives such as sticky rice, starch, and seaweed pastes on the finishing layer of traditional walls were investigated. The viscosity of nine paste samples with various concentrations of 4.4%, 8.5%, 12.2% for sticky rice and starch pastes of 4.4%, 8.5%, and 10.3% for seaweed grass were measured. Experiments for mortar samples with these pastes were performed involving workability, surface finishing observation, weight change rate, compressive strength, and thermogravimetric analysis. As a result of this experiment, the mortar samples with grain paste such as sticky rice or starch paste had relatively high workability and cracks did not occur at all concentrations since the paste had a lower viscosity than seaweed paste. On the other hand, in the mortar sample with seaweed paste, cracks occurred in all samples except for the 4.4% sample due to the paste's high viscosity. Based on these obtained results, the risk of cracking was higher when using seaweed paste than sticky rice or starch paste at the same concentration. However, despite the high risk of cracking, the samples containing seaweed showed outstanding strength compared to other samples made evident in the combined effects of the filling of the viscous film in the seaweed paste and the carbonation acceleration. The results of this study are valuable as evidence for determining the appropriate concentration of traditional organic additives when developing or revising specifications.

The purpose of this study is to help the construction manager make decisions in progressing the construction plan by proposing the optimal decision method using the Queueing Model. Resource management can determine the success of construction. Many studies have been proposed for resource management, but have not been evaluated objectively and quantitatively. In this paper, we analyze the process plan to be redesigned according to the productivity evaluation through the optimal resource allocation decision- making method. First, analysis of case projects and queuing models. Second, the optimal number of servers is determined through economic analysis after resource allocation. Third, enter the date and quantity in the BIM to suggest the best decision method. Through the proposed method, 22.6% (24.74 million won) could be saved compared to the existing plan. The productivity of the process plan could be evaluated objectively and quantitatively. As a result, the optimal decision-making method using queueing model can help reduce costs and help construction managers make decisions by redesigning process plans based on productivity assessments.

There are secondary defects in apartment buildings that are not directly produced from construction errors, but are derived from other types of defects. To improve the quality of the type of construction that causes these secondary defects, it is important to define and manage them by analyzing data regarding defects in apartment buildings. This study analyzed approximately 1.33 million cases that finished defect repairs in 2019 then defined the frequency and repair costs of fundamental and secondary defects. This analysis revealed that secondary defects had accounted for 3.83% of the entire defect frequency and made up 6.08% of the repair costs. Using text mining techniques, this analysis presented the types of construction that had caused secondary defects in apartment buildings in the order of frequency and average similarity to reduce such secondary defects. According to the similarity analysis of the types of construction, wallpaper work topped the frequency order with 68,060 cases, which took up 38.36%, and its similarity was 0.615 on average. Furthermore, with 4,518 cases, electricity work was first in the average frequency at 2.54% and its average similarity was 0.955. To present these results as a whole, the word cloud technique was used.