In the undergoing urban regeneration projects, local archiving is an essential process for local regeneration and a basic method to complement academic research and field survey. Local archiving is carried out through the following process: [Step 1] Basic Survey and Community Networking → [Step 2] Field Survey → [Step 3] Verification & Investigation → [Step 4] Utilization of Archiving Data. First, local archiving makes possible to access the integrated result. Second, local archiving with the common memories of the local community, could enhance understanding of the local history and culture, establish a local identity and to solidify the awareness of local assets. Third, it contributes to the local community by sharing the archiving results with the local community and using them for the urban regeneration projects. Recently, in the course of urban regeneration project, archiving was conducted for Gaewon and Michang villages located in Gunsan to examine the formation and change of Fuji Farm Community. Agricultural immigration of the Fuji Farm Community was carried out in order to construct a new Japanese ideal village. Through reclamation in the 1920s, a group of Japaneses from various districts migrated into the area generated in the Fuji Farm. Gaewon and Michang village consisted of 30 households in that period. After liberation, the empty houses and lands were sold to Koreans, and the residents were mainly engaged in agriculture. With the industrial complex in the 1980s, the village developed as a residential area for industrial complex. However, since the 2000s, the village declined and residents left due to the environmental pollution occurred from the industrial complex. At the beginning of the village, the standard houses were built in units of 10 buildings. The standard house, within a mixture of Japanese and Korean housing styles, consisted of tatami-room, ondol-room, kitchen, toilet and storage arranged in parallel. Spatial changes have occurred continuously due to the increase of population, transition to Korean life style and pursuit of living convenience.

This study proposes that facility standards of backstage areas within performance halls should consider applying universal design elements to each space; the international universal design system, domestic law, and domestic universal design status applied in performance halls were investigated and analyzed. Through a case study of domestic performance halls, which could use universal design, uncovering how much universal design related elements were applied to the backstage of their performance halls was evaluated. Surveys were taken by domestic and foreign performers to analyze their perception of universal design and their satisfaction levels of convenience facilities related to each target facility. Upon analyzing the case study and field surveys, the universal design evaluation method was applied. From the perspective of universal design laws and regulations, the field survey revealed that the application of universal design standards was relatively good in the performer's space compared to the exterior facilities, internal facilities, sanitary facilities, and information facilities. On the other hand, the surveys reflected low satisfaction in the performer's space regarding the universal design element of each space viewed. The results from the comparative analysis of each space revealed that there was a large difference in the sensibility of the inner passage, the stage, the performer's space, and other convenience facilities.

The purpose of this study is to develop an environmental design evaluation model that can evaluate the possibility of preventing lost children within complex commercial facilities. First, the concept of the "Line for Prevention of Breakaway", which adopted the defense line of CPTED, was newly defined. This concept was used as the standard for setting evaluation subjects and areas in this study. To score items within each evaluation area, a "Simple Additive Weighting Method" was applied; the applied weighted value was calculated by multiplying the weight of child loss risks obtained from the "Risk Matrix" and the weight of environmental elements of child loss prevention from each evaluation area. The evaluation scores from each area and item were estimated by multiplying the calculated weighted value with an average importance score from each environmental element of an evaluation item; the score was then reallocated based on the importance of each respective item. This evaluation model was verified in field investigations of four complex commercial facilities. A correlation analysis was used to compare each area's score and total scores with the rate of occurrence among lost children in these facilities. This evaluation model proved its significance to predict and prevent losing children in complex commercial facilities.

This study examines the basic principles of universal design and its impact on residential satisfaction and intention of continuous residence in public rental housing. Ten independent variables were measured to recognize and assess the applicability of universal design. The average value of the dependent variables pertaining to residential satisfaction and intention of continuous residence were found to be above the median. Among the independent variables, safety, convenience, body fit, and crime prevention were found to also be above the median. However, preference, ease of remodeling the site & unit, exchange & participation, residential diversity, and sense of community were shown to be below the median. Based on the multiple regression analysis, convenience, preference, sense of community, crime prevention, and body fit had a positive influence on residential satisfaction. Despite preference, exchange & participation, and convenience having had a positive influence on the intention of continuous residence, regarding ease of remodeling a unit a negative relationship was made evident. From the perspective of universal design, these results are presumed to be because of the above average physical environment supply, but the environment for exchange & participation and the possibility of personalizing each residential space was found to be inadequate. Effective implementation to redirect the supply policy of public rental housing is needed to focus more on the personalization of space and exchange & participation.

The history of the Korean War is well preserved in the spatial structure of Somak Village where meaningful social interactions in the community occurred based on actual data derived from cognitive mapping of village residents. Cognitive representation of the physical space structures and various environmental aspects carried socio-cultural significance and added value. Based on Kevin Lynch's imageability, this study traced the cognitive representations of 35 resident's sketch maps. To supplement the technical spatial analysis limitations of a sketch map, involving the spatial structure system of the real environment was approached based on space syntax. By integrating the cognitive mapping technique and the method of physical spatial analysis involving space syntax, correlations were tracked with various implications. As a result of integrating these two theories, it was discovered that the higher the degree of regional integration, the more frequently it appeared on a residents' cognitive map. Based on this finding, it confirmed that the resident's cognitive environment and the actual physical space were closely related; strengthening the notion that social space exploration is an important and valuable element in an urban environment.

Historic preservation efforts are needed to protect the remaining Ctesiphon buildings located on Jeju Island. This study aims to understand the space programming involved and the progression of construction methods used on Ctesiphon residential buildings. Old aerial photographs and an on-site survey helped locate and determine if a Ctesiphon building still existed there. Further analysis of old images revealed enclosure characteristics and interviews were conducted on former and current Ctesiphon residents to understand the built environment of its indoor space. As of 2020, only 37 Ctesiphon system buildings are remaining on Jeju Island. They can be classified into four types of floor plans: a parallel layout, a symmetry layout, a single house with a chimney on the living space side, and a single house with a chimney on the warehouse space side. During an earlier period, buildings had one layer of cladding as an enclosure. Eventually, double cladding was used to combat condensation and provide insulation to it. Over time, improvements on floor plans and technological advances contributed to the development of Ctesiphon system houses and in adapting to the local culture of Jeju Island.

Intentionally involving color and factoring ceiling heights in the design aspect of public spaces such as educational facilities, carries with it a potential to contribute to the emotional recovery of ordinary individuals. This study analyzes the restorative effect of color and ceiling height in 50 participants through EEG measurements. They were divided into two groups where a quasi-experiment was performed to measure relative alpha and beta waves and perceived restorativeness (PR) while viewing four 3D images of indoor lounge spaces on college campuses. Group A was assigned soft tones with low saturation and high brightness, most associated with having a positive effect on recovery. Group B was assigned vivid tones with high saturation and medium brightness, most associated with having a negative effect on recovery. The results indicated that group A experienced a restorative effect in both EEG and PR unlike group B. Higher relative alpha and lower relative beta were observed in cool colors over warm ones, and noticeable in spaces with high ceilings rather than with low ones, indicating a relaxed state with higher restorativeness. Based on this study, it was confirmed that ceiling height takes precedence over color; spaces with high ceilings and cool colors are helpful for recovery and relaxation purposes. In addition, higher relative beta was observed in warm colors with medium brightness and high saturation with a high ceiling, indicative of arousal. However, this response was restricted to EEG results, making it necessary to consider the physiological response of users during spatial evaluation.

This study aims to chronologically cover the bricolage characteristics of the initial construction of cowshed housing in Uam-dong, the transformation process and developmental changes during the Korean War evacuation period and the social recovery following the Korean War Armistice Agreement. The collapse of the construction industry during this period heavily impacted how specific materials were obtained by refugees, which directly affected how homes were then structurally built. Upon analysis, it was revealed that due to the collapse of the architectural ecosystem in the early stages of evacuation, most materials used were locally gathered within a residential area; these materials included duvets, straw bags, along with wood and soil from the mountains behind villages. Other materials were gathered or by-products were purchased from a nearby American army base and along the Uam railway line. These pertinent details help unveil how building materials were supplied for bricolage amid the social system being disrupted during the Korean War evacuation period.

The third place is a concept from Ray Oldenburg; it can be defined as a flexible boundary between public and private spaces where change is perceived as great and is a contributing factor to the direction of change. This study aims to analyze and apply the concept of 'the Third Space' to the expansion plan of Cheongju Jungang Park to Cheongju Jungang Historical Park. The existing Cheongju Jungang Park is located in downtown Cheongju near 'a private space'. It is already recognized as a Third Space for its historical attributes and rich cultural heritage by Cheongju citizens; the park is a comfortable and familiar public space used daily. The planning concept for Cheongju Jungang Historical Park extends to downtown Cheongju and proposes to protect and expand historical factuality by preserving some existing facilities, link historicity with new buildings, secure private spaces, and display it as a familiar space for diverse users. The aim is for Jungang Park goers to experience continuity in 'the Third Place'. Also, for there to be viable sustainability despite any future changes made in downtown Cheongju and within Jungang Park.

This study aims to examine the changes in status, meaning, and role of Mt. Geumgang from 1945 to 1998 as it relates to Mt. Myohyang and Mt. Baekdu. After liberation, North Korea established a socialist state with support from the Soviet Union. In 1967, when Kim Il-sung came into power, he purged his political rivals, who were supportive of establishing a socialist state, to politically transition into an autocracy. Originally, Mt. Geumgang was designated to display North Korean socialist ideas, however, its status and plan to use for propaganda purposes shifted to Mt. Myohyang and Mt. Baekdu; gradually it became marginalized as Kim's Juche ideology was emphasized. Mt. Geumgang instead converted into a space to recall memories of the Korean War, embody anti-American sentiment and to symbolize Kim Jeong-sook's loyalty to Kim Il-sung. Inevitably making Mt. Geumgang no longer a priority place to visit. In the process of being marginalized, Mt. Geumgang took center stage in attracting international tourists as North Korea grappled with overcoming economic difficulty in the 1980s. This process of shifting the focus and significance of Mt. Geumgang reflected North Korea's deviation from the shadow of the Soviet Union and restructuring the country based on its independent political ideology.

This study analyzes the school selection standards and the impact of the educational environment on school preferences of students and parents who apply to high schools in Seoul. The school selection system was initially implemented to give students and parents the opportunity to choose a school while challenging the quality of education among competing schools; however, this process stifled the overall educational environment and resulted in the need for educational supplementation. The quality of education wasn't the only factor that influenced parents in selecting a school, but the overall educational environment was weighed heavily when determining a school and new place of residence for respective families. These preferences have negatively impacted the size of non-preferred schools and created a spatial and regional gap in the quality of education; furthermore, the decline in the youth population is forcibly reducing the size of all schools, particularly less preferable ones, deepening the gap in the number of students and classes offered among schools. Unfortunately, this creates a negative perception and reputation that schools with low student enrollment and classes will adversely affect college admissions; there is a possibility that less favorable schools will continue to be marginalized. Therefore, examining the main selection criteria for students and parents and analyzing preference determinants for educational facilities is necessary to provide pertinent information for future policies.

The Korean government implemented a balanced development plan to promote new towns in an effort to combat and resolve population density issues in the Seoul metropolitan area. The aim of these new towns is to achieve economic self-sufficiency by relocating public institutions and offering better employment opportunities. However, studies on the economic progress of these new towns have been insufficient and various issues are continually being raised pertaining to the lack of independence within these new towns. The purpose of this study is to analyze the economic self-sufficiency of new towns for balanced development and to draw implications for urban planning. This study uses weekdays in the second week of October 2017 as the temporal range, the spatial scope covers all of Korea except Jeju Island and big data involving location analytics from mobile devices were used in this research. Commuting patterns of new towns were classified into five regions. Upon analysis it was discovered that the Multifunctional Administrative City and Ulsan Innovation City had a decent level of economic self-sufficiency. The relocation of Gyeongbuk Provincial Government Office and Gyeongbuk Innovation City performed relatively poorly. Among new towns with the purpose of balanced development, the level of economic self-sufficiency was not high or low based on a specific type. Therefore, as a result of this research it seems that economic self-sufficiency of a new town is more influenced by its location rather than the type of new town.

A proposed method to predict official land prices using spatial analysis techniques of urban ground-underground spatial network has the potential to quantify the impact of new subway lines on official land prices, specifically regarding the GTX-A route in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. The initial prediction model was derived using a regression equation that takes the degree of integration from the ground-underground spatial network of the Seoul Metropolitan Area as the independent variable and the official land price in 2020 as the dependent variable. The explanatory power of the initial prediction model is about 0.64 in Seoul and 0.60 in the Gyeonggi-Incheon area. Next, the prediction model applied the correction value of the official land price change rate and the regional characteristic correction value. Finally, analysis was done on the spatial distribution of the official land price change rate of the Seoul Metropolitan Area in 2025 when the GTX-A route opens. The results indicated that after the opening of the GTX-A route, there was an increase in official land prices, concentrated in Seoul, in 2025 and a dramatic land price increase surrounding the starting and ending subway stations. It was also discovered that the official land prices of the Songpa and Gangdong districts in Seoul, where the GTX-A route does not even pass through, are expected to increase substantially.

This study aims to propose a lighting design guide by investigating the lighting metrics of circadian rhythm for proper human-centric lighting in architectural environments. A systematic review of previous studies was examined based on experiments with biosignal responses under various lighting levels. The results of this analysis showed that the lighting metrics of circadian rhythm were color rendering index (CRI), gamut area index (GAI), correlated color temperature (CCT), illuminance, circadian stimulus (CS), equivalent melanopic lx (EML), and monochromatic light. Biosignal responses were melatonin, cortisol, alpha, beta, theta, eye blinking, core body temperature, and blood pressure used to measure circadian rhythm, visual fatigue, and eye fatigue. The melatonin level of circadian rhythm was higher for the lighting with higher EML than for the lighting with lower EML. Visual fatigue was higher for the lighting with higher CCT, illuminance, CS, and EML than for the lighting with lower CCT, illuminance, CS, and EML. Eye fatigue was higher in the lighting with higher CIE CRI than for the lighting with lower CIE CRI. Therefore, these findings suggest that proper human-centric lighting design should consider a four-step process that includes characterizing the lighting application and determining the lighting levels for the melatonin level of circadian rhythm of users, visual fatigue of users, and eye fatigue of users.

This study aims is to compare the energy performance and economic feasibility of outer wall insulation systems using conventional rectangular pipe frames as the base case with double and single truss-shaped insulation frames intended to reduce the thermal bridging effect of alt 1 and alt 2. Annual heating and cooling energy use were estimated by performing a dynamic building energy simulation. The thermal bridging effect was modeled by applying the linear thermal transmittance obtained from the three-dimensional steady-state heat transfer simulation to the building energy simulation. The annual energy cost, construction cost, and life cycle cost for 30 years were estimated together. The results indicated that the annual energy use of alt 1 and alt 2 decreased by 12.5% and 13.9%, the annual energy cost decreased by 11.8% and 13.2%, the construction cost decreased by 1.4% and 6.8% and the life cycle cost of alt 1 and alt 2 decreased by 2.6% and 7.5% respectively.

This study aims to investigate the seismic behavior of bidirectionally loaded non-ductile beam-column corner joints with and without minimum joint transverse reinforcement. Four full-scale specimens were built and tested; test variables were applied a minimum joint transverse reinforcement and a high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (HPFRCC). The energy dissipation capacity and cyclic strength retention capacity were estimated for each test specimen. During testing, the longitudinal reinforcement yielding, and the joint shear strain were monitored. The results revealed that the application of HPFRCC is an effective means to improve the seismic behavior of non-ductile corner joints irrespective of the existence of minimum joint transverse reinforcement.

This study aims to examine the effect of shape memory alloys (SMA) wire and the structural performance of rebar on concrete-filled double-skin square steel tubular (CFDST) beams through a bending test. In accordance with ASTM C348, the bending test specimens were fabricated and used to analyze its load-central deflection, failure modes, ultimate load ratio, bending-shear strength, and displacement ductility. Three main parameters were selected: the inside-to-outside breadth ratio, installing SMA and rebar in the inner-to-outer steel tube, and the location of installing SMA and rebar. This experiment revealed that the bending-shear strength gradually decreased as inside-to-outside breadth ratio increased. The calculated bending-shear strength of CFDST under a concentrated load was evaluated using revised equations and the results were compared.

High Early Strength cement (HEC) develops strength faster than Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and is different in mineral composition, fineness, and chemical composition. This study statistically analyzes the effect of mineral composition, fineness, and chemical composition of 36 HEC samples produced in a single cement plant on the compressive strength of mortar and concrete. The results reflect that Blaine had the most positive effect on the 1-day compressive strength of both mortar and concrete, but the increase of Blaine showed a negative effect on the 28-day compressive strength and concrete slump. The contents of C₃S showed the most significant effect on the 28-day compressive strength. Additionally, there was no significant correlation between the 1-day and the 28-day compressive strength of HEC.

This study is to confirm an appropriate substitution rate by evaluating the autogenous shrinkage and physical properties of high-strength concrete by supplying moisture required for hydration reaction by recycled fine aggregates containing a lot of moisture by attached cement paste. The experimental variables were the moisture content and substitution rate of the recycled fine aggregate, and the hydration temperature, length change, and compressive strength characteristics were evaluated. As moisture was supplied by recycled fine aggregates, cement paste at a low water-cement ratio was able to reduce autogenous shrinkage and continue hydration reactions. However, when the substitution rate of the recycled fine aggregate exceeds 30%, the decrease in strength was large due to the influence of the attached cement paste. From these results, it was confirmed that the decrease in strength due to the attachment cement paste was not significant and the substitution rate of the recycled fine aggregate that helps to continue the hydration reaction was 30%.

In the public sector, the joint contract system offers benefits and provides additional opportunities in enabling consortium parties to share risks, improve its technical skills and reward a project more compared to when participating alone. It's a compulsory rule to include local companies to help facilitate and maintain balance in the development of local regions. Contrary to the purpose behind introducing a joint contract system, detailed institutional laws and operational guidelines have been insufficient, consequently causing difficulties in the management of joint contracts. Specifically, the asymmetric size of parties, specialized human resources and experience influence collaborative efforts during the project phase. Despite asymmetry, the joint contract system was studied from the perspective of major construction companies while focusing on the bidding process. This research aims to explore its conflicts and reasons from relatively small companies based on four stages: bidding, contract, construction and hand-over/termination in H construction company. 30 real cases introducing joint contracts were analyzed along with focus group interviews. The results revealed that risks existed during the preparatory stage of the joint supply and demand operation agreement even after much deliberation due to the differences in company size, some paper companies did not participate in the actual construction process and management regulatory issues surfaced during the organizational phase of the joint supply and demand operation agreement. Therefore, to resolve these conflicts, constant mutual trust is needed between companies and further analysis is necessary from joint contract construction case studies.

The manufacturing process of artificial stone was analyzed through proper composition cost of complex substances such as waste paint and waste EPS generated by industries; measures were proposed to effectively increase the utilization and recycling rate of manufactured artificial stone. Experiments on compression strength, gravity, absorption, bending strength, and thermal conductivity of manufactured artificial stone demonstrated its availability in architecture and ultimately helped to increase the recycling rate of waste paint. Manufactured waste EPS proposed a manufacturing process that allows surface membranes to form, increase weight, and enhance hardness to increase binding power with other materials. Upon analysis of two purification resources involving the manufacturing process of waste paint and waste EPS, it was revealed that waste paint was produced with a certain specification of particle size, and waste EPS formed one complex. The manufacturing composition cost of artificial stone was proposed by adding cement, silicon, polyethylene, and waste paint aggregates into three categories; the composition cost was differently evaluated to resolve the combustibility issue of polyethylene. Manufactured artificial stone showed good results in compression strength, gravity, absorption rate, and bending strength evaluation, and in particular, flame retardability evaluation showed values above Class 1 and 2, demonstrating the potential to compensate for the shortcomings of existing artificial stone.

Functional, structural, design, economic and defect factors must be comprehensively considered in tandem with objective evaluation criteria when deciding upon exterior building materials. If end-users or engineers are not knowledgeable about durability and defect factors of exterior building materials, then there is a high probability of making an inappropriate selection; they should clarify the various requirements for cladding and then implement the proper performance evaluation. In this study, a QFD-TOPSIS model is proposed for end-users and professionals to collectively participate and apply during the decision-making process of selecting exterior building materials. The multi-criteria decision-making model used by project participants enabled the most appropriate choice in actual examples of exterior material selection provided in this study. The case study comparing the QFD-TOPSIS method from multiple experts, end-users, and manufacturers and the VE method by one expert confirmed that the QFD-TOPSIS method required more empirical evidence and detailed evaluation of select exterior building materials.

The tilt-up method, which is mainly used in the United States and Canada, is widely used in low-rise structures such as factories, large marts, warehouses, and sales facilities. This cast-in-place concrete precast method is being expanded worldwide in terms of economical construction cost and shortening the construction period. Therefore, in this paper, for the activation of the tilt-up method in Korea, case studies abroad and those applied in Korea were investigated and presented. In order to improve the quality of the wall panel, the work was performed using an floor concrete laser screed machine in USA, and the wall panel was split into the same size as possible and applied to the field to increase productivity and work efficiency. In particular, in the right of comparing the tilt-up method with the traditional method, the tilt-up method can work horizontally in a process that works vertically, thereby ensuring safety of work, so it can reduce accidents caused by high-place work, and to enhance work efficiency. And it was analyzed that it could save the input manpower of the craftsman.

Manpower issues heavily affect work efficiency and job satisfaction; directly resolving these issues requires establishing improvement measures to address the supply and demand of labor in each industry. The purpose of this study aims to address job satisfaction of female employees working in design offices. Upon analysis, research revealed that overall job satisfaction was at a normal range, although in major categories like personal environment, dissatisfaction levels were high. When examining the degree of dissatisfaction by position, it was discovered that assistant managers experienced the highest level of dissatisfaction followed by the employee section heads. Depending on current job satisfactory levels, many female employees were willing to change jobs or retire early. Particularly, competent female employees in lower-level design positions had the most potential to quit on short notice, undeniably contributing to future manpower issues. After examining the improvement requirements of female employees and reflecting on international benchmarking cases, a proposed plan targeting job satisfaction must first focus on personal environment then on workplace atmosphere and organizational culture. The results of this study can be used as basic data for related research topics; however, detailed analysis is limited due to the lack of various variables related to size, age, and gender. Therefore, a future follow-up study will be conducted to complement this topic of work satisfaction among female employees in current design firms.