15-Deoxy- Δ$\^$12,14/-prostaglandin J$_2$ (15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$), a naturally occurring ligand activates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\gamma}$ (PPAR-${\gamma}$). Activation of PPAR-y has been found to induce cell differentiation such as adipose cell and macrophage. Here it was investigated whether 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ has neuronal cell differentiation and possible underlying molecular mechanisms. Dopaminergic differentiating PC 12 cells treated with 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ (0.2 to 1.6 ${\mu}$M) alone showed measurable neurite extension and expression of neurofilament, markers of cell differentiation. However much greater extent of neurite extension and expression of neurofilament was observed in the presence of NGF (50 ng/$m\ell$). In parallel with its increasing effect on the neurite extension and expression of neurofilament, 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ enhanced NGF-induced p38 MAP kinase expression and its phosphorylation in addition to the activation of transcription factor AP-1 in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, pretreatment of SD 203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase inhibited the promoting effect of 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ (0.8 ${\mu}$M) on NGF-induced neurite extension. This inhibition correlated well with the ability of SB203580 to inhibit the enhancing effect of 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ on the expression of p38 MAP kinase and activation of AP-1. The promoting ability of 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ did not occur through PPAR-${\gamma}$, as synthetic PPAR-${\gamma}$ agonist and antagonist did not change the neurite promoting effect of 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$. In addition, contrast to other cells (embryonic midbrain and SK-N-MC cells), PPAR-${\gamma}$ was not expressed in PC-12 cells. Other structure related prostaglandins, PGD$_2$ and PGE$_2$ acting via a cell surface G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) did not increase basal or NGF-induced neurite extension. Moreover, GPCR (EP and DP receptor) antagonists did not alter the promoting effect of 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ on neurite extension and activation of p38 MAP kinase, suggesting that the promoting effect of 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ may not be mediated GPCR. These data demonstrate that activation of p38 MAP kinase in conjunction with AP-1 signal pathway may be important in the promoting activity of 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ on the differentiation of PC12 cells.

Acute Cd exposure produces hepatotoxicity, whereas chronic Cd exposure produces nephrotoxicity, hematotoxicity, immunotoxicity and bone damage. Previous experiments suggest that the low-molecular-weight, metal-binding protein metallothionein (MT) in liver protects against liver injury, but is responsible for the kidney injury observed after chronic Cd exposure.(omitted)

Aryl hydrocarbons, environmental contaminants accumulate in tissue and pose potential risk in human health. 2,3,7,8-Tertachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is known as a most potent toxicant among aryl hydrocarbons. TCDD elicits numerous toxic responses in experimental animals and human, including hepatic carcinoma, pulmonary and skin tumor in adult rodents, craniofacial abnormality during mouse embryogenesis, chloracne, reproductive abnormality, immunotoxicity, endocrine effects in exposed humans.(omitted)

Phospholipase A$_2$ (s) are esterases that hydrolyze the sn-2 ester bond in phospholipids, releasing a fatty acid and a lysophospholipid. We previously showed that most PLA$_2$ activity in rabbit renal proximal tubule cells (RPTC) was Ca$\^$2+/-independent, localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER-iPLA$_2$), and inhibited by the specific Ca$\^$2+/-independent PLA$_2$ inhibitor bromoenol lactone (BEL).(omitted)

The dioxin- or aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a member of the Per-Arnt-Sim family of nuclear transcription factors exhibiting a basic helix-loop-helix structure. In its non-ligated state the AhR is associated with hsp 90 and the immunophilin-type XAP2. Upon ligand binding the associated proteins are released, the receptor dimerizes with the AhR nuclear trans locator protein Arnt, and binds to XREs (xenobiotic-responsive elements) in the 5'-flanking region of responsive genes thus modulating their transcription.(omitted)

Cholestatic liver injury results from the accumulation of toxic bile salts within the liver. The aim of the present study was to understand the mechanism of bile salts-induced hepatocellular apoptosis in bile duct-ligated (BDL) rats, using Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis.(omitted)

It is believed that cell and/or tissue toxicity is resulted from alterations in expression of many genes in response to environmental stresses or toxicants. New technology, such as DNA microarray analysis, can measure the expression of thousands of genes at a time providing the potential to accelerate discovery of toxicant pathways and specific gene targets.(omitted)

The frequency of prostate cancer has been increasing (1). Afflicting 10% of men older than the age of 65, it repre-sents the most frequently diagnosed cancer in American men, with an even higher incidence in the African-American population. Many investigators have tried to identify prognostic markers that distinguish indolent versus aggressive forms of prostate cancer, and to understand the genetic factors that evoke prostate cancer initiation and progression (2).(omitted)

Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystillbene) is a natural phytoalexin present in grapes, fruits, peanuts and red wine. Resveratrol has been reported cancer chemopreventive effects. The aim of the present study was to further elucidate the possible mechanisms by which resveratrol exerts its anti-prolifrtative action in human prostate cancer PC-3 cell line.(omitted)

Platycodi Radix, the root of Platycodon grandiflorum, commonly known as Doraji, is used as a traditional oriental medicine. Extracts from the roots of P. grandiflorum have been reported to have wide ranging health benefits. In Korea, the root of P. grandiflorum is used as a food and employed as a folk remedy for adult diseases.(omitted)

Although the pharmacology and clinical application of water extracts of Ganoderma lucidum have been extensively documented, little is known regarding its alcohol extract. In the present study, the anti-tumor effect of an alcohol extract of Ganoderma lucidum was investigated using MCF-7 cells.(omitted)

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible enzyme expressed in response to a variety of cytokines and other proinflammatory stimuli. It has been known that aberrant up-regulation of COX-2 is associated with resistance to apoptosis.(omitted)

Experiments were carried out to determine the role of Raf-1 kinase in the development of drug resistance and apoptosis induced by paclitaxel. In the present study, paclitaxel sensitivity, Raf-1 activity and MAPKs activation were compared in 2 cell lines: parental human breast cancer cells and its drug resistant variant (MCF-7/Adr) cells.(omitted)

Capsaicin has been reported to induce apoptosis in various cancer cells. However, its effect on bladder cancer cells has not been studied. In this study, we investigated whether capsaicin induces apoptosis in murine orthotopic bladder cancer MBT-2 cells and reactive oxydative species(ROS) are involved in capsaicin-induced apoptotic process.(omitted)

8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (oh8dG) potently inhibits proliferation of KG-1, a human leukemia cell line in vitro, but little is known regarding to molecular mechanisms mediating this effect. Here we demonstrate that treatment of KG-1, deficient in 8-oxoguanine glycosylase (OGG1) activity, with oh8dG lead to G1 arrest associated with a dramatic decrease in the levels of cyclin D3 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (cdk4) and accompanied by an increase in the expression of p21.(omitted)

An imbalance between matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and its endogenous inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 causes the degradation of the extracellular matrix associated with pathological events including invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis.(omitted)

Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a potent neurotrophic factor that enhances survival of midbrain doparminergic neuron and is a member of the transforming growth factor-b superfamily. GDNF and its receptors are widely distributed in brain and are believed to be involved in the control of neuron survival, proliferation and differentiation.(omitted)

Transforming growth factor-${\beta}$ (TGF-${\beta}$), a hormonally active polypeptide found in normal and transformed tissues, regulates cellular growth and phenotyphic plasticity. We have previously shown that H-ras, but not N-ras, induces invasive phenotype in MCF10A human breast epithelial cells.(omitted)

Many studies have identified the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) as a key regulator for various cellular functions including cell survival, growth and motility. We have previously shown that H-ras, but not N-ras, induces invasiveness and motility in human breast epithelial cells (MCF10A), while both H-ras and N-ras induce transformed phenotype.(omitted)

Capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), a pungent ingredient of hot chili peppers, has been reported to possess substantial anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic activities. In our previous study, we found that capsaicin (100 ${\mu}$M) induced significant inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity by gelatin zymography, and that capsaicin (i.p., 2.5mg/kg) inhibited development of lung colonization (58%) in experimental lung metastasis assay.(omitted)

Ceramide, formed by sphingomyelinase, is involved in the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). This study examines the effect of C2-ceramide (C2), a cell-permeable ceramide analog, on the LPS-inducible COX-2 expression and signaling pathways.(omitted)

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a prototype and the most potent chemical of the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (dioxins). A variety of studies on the toxic effects of dioxin and related compounds have been conducted internationally since 1990.(omitted)

The alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay was used to clarify in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of 2-bromopropane (2-BP). For in vitro studies, fresh medium containing 2-BP (2.50, 1.00, 0.50, 0.25, 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 mM, and vehicle control) were added in human lymphocytes.(omitted)

In this study, a mechanism by which glucose level modulates glucose transport in Jurkat cells was investigated. Glucose uptake was more efficient in the cells cultivated in low glucose (2.5 mM) medium than that grown in high glucose (20 $\mu$M) medium. Vmax (0.74 n㏖/10$^6$ cells$\cdot$min) of glucose uptake measured with the cells grown in the low glucose medium was higher than the one (1.06 n㏖/10$^6$ cells$\cdot$min) in the high glucose medium while Km was almost consistent through the change of glucose levels, indicating the increase of glucose transporter number.

This study is to characterize the microscopical and ultrastructural changes in chronic exposure of Microcystin-LR (MCLR), a cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxin, comparing to those in acute lethal toxicity. Female ICR mice were injected intraperitoneally with 10, 20, 30,$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg of MCLR every 3 day for 27 days.(omitted)

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the most potent halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon congener that induces expression of several genes including CYP1A. Exposure to TCDD results in many toxic actions such as carcinogenesis, hepatotoxicity, immune suppression, reproductive toxicity and developmental toxicity.(omitted)

Recent industrial society has human widely exposed to PAHs that are comming from the incomplete combustion of organic material as widerspread environmetal contaminants. Biological activities of PAHs are not known although PAHs are considered as carcinogens.(omitted)

In order to understand the mechanism of action of TCDD, we have examined the effect of COX-inhibitors on cyplal activity. We observed the effect of COX-inhibitor on EROD activity in C57BL/6 mouse in vivo. And we also evaluated the effect of COX-inhibitors on cyplal mRNA, mouse cyp1a1 promoter activity and EROD activity in Hepa cell.(omitted)

Methylmercury (MeHg), one of the heavy metal compound, can cause severe damage to the central nervous system in humans. Many reports have contributed MeHg poisoning to contaminated foods and release into the environment. Despite many studies on the pathogenesis of MeHg-induced central neuropathy, no useful mechanism of toxicity has been established.(omitted)

Several lines of epidemiological and experimental evidence support that chronic ethanol consumption is implicated in pathophysiology of a variety of human disorders, including cancer. However, the association between chronic ethanol consumption and an increased risk of gastric cancer is not clearly defined.(omitted)

Several epidemiological studies have suggested that exposure to arsenic is strongly correlated with the development of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. To determine whether arsenic affects vasomotor tone in blood vessels, we investigated the effect of arsenic on vasorelaxation using isolated rat aortic rings in an organ bath system.(omitted)

Chronic exposure of arsenic is well known to be the cause of cardiovascular disease such as hypertension. In order to investigate the effect of arsenic on blood vessels, we examined whether arsenic affected agonist-induced contraction of aortic rings in isolated organ bath system.(omitted)

The toxicity of GX-12, a naked DNA vaccine developed by research team of Dong-A Pharmaceutical Company, Green Cross Company and Genexine for the treatment of HIV infection, was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. In single-dose intramuscular/oral acute toxicity studies, animals were treated 0, 250, 1000 or 4000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/$m\ell$ in sodium phosphate buffer.(omitted)

The potential toxicological effects of aristolochic acid (AA), a natural component in Aristolochiaceae family, were investigated. The 13-week toxicity study consisted of groups of 10 SD rat/sex administrated water containing 0, 0.05, 0.5, or 5 mg/kg per day AA (Study 1). The tested groups were terminated on Test Day 90 due to mortality and overt clinical signs of toxicity.(omitted)

Magnetic ferrofluids attract much attention in realation with their capacity as carriers to increase local concentrations of drugs in specific targeted site. Hematoporphyrin (HP) is known to have anticancer activater by producing reactive oxygen species on irraiation of light.(omitted)

Previously, we reported a novel polymeric micellar solubilizer, Aceporol 330, that showed relatively low toxic effects when it was compared with that of Cremophor EL which is currently being used for paclitaxel. In this study, we have developed a new micellar solubilizer, Aceporol 460, that has 3-4 times higher lading capacity for paclitaxel than Aceporol 330.(omitted)

The abnormal accumulation of collagen is progressive and often results in impairment of liver function, i.e. liver cirrhosis. Collagen synthesis requires several posttranslational events. Prolyl 4-hydroxylase is the key enzyme in collagen synthesis that catalyzes the hydroxylation of peptide-bound proline residues to 4-hydroxyroline.(omitted)

There has been many findings of natural, environmental or manufactered nonsteroidal substances shown to have estrogenic activity. Since estrogens affect reproduction and cellular development to cause disease in people or animals, chronic exposure may have a major impact on health.(omitted)

4-tert-octylphenol (OP) is surfactant additive widely used in the manufacture of a variety of detergents and plastic products, a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EP A) classified endocrine disruptor. The purpose of this study was developed the analytical method of OP and determined toxicokinetics parameters after i. v. and oral administration in SD rats plasma concentration of OP using HPLC.(omitted)

The estrogenic activity of 47 plant extracts was assessed by reporter gene assay using MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines stably transfected with luciferase reporter gene. The estrogenic activity of food extracts was expressed as 17${\beta}$-estradiol(E2) equivalent concentration(EEQ), the concentration of E2 that resulted in the same relative luciferase unit(RLU) of the food extract of 0.2mg/$m\ell$.(omitted)

These experiments tested whether exposure to benomyl (BN) or lindane (LD) during late pregnancy affect the development of reproductive tract in adult offspring. Timed pregnant Sprague Dawley rats (N=7∼8/treatment) were gavaged with LD (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg), BN (50, 250, or 500 mg/kg), or com oil on gestation days 15∼19.(omitted)

In the present study, estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity of cypermethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide was investigated. We used immature rat uterotrophic assay, estrogen-responsive calbindin-D9k (CaBP-9k) gene expression assay and luciferase reporter gene assay for measure of estrogenic potential of cypermethrin.(omitted)

Many pesticides possess hormonal activity and have been thus classified as endocrine disruptors. Permethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide has little been characterized to it's hormonal potential. In the present study, effects of neonatal exposure to permethrin on the sex steroid receptor levels and hoxa-10 expression of the uteri were investigated in female mice.(omitted)

A clear association between occupational tributyltin (TBT) exposure and testicular cell line, TM3 has been observed in mouse. In the present study, we have investigated cytotoxic effects of TBT on Significant cytolethality was observed in TM3 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner when measured by MTT assays. (omitted)

The present was performed to identify the effects of tributyltin oxide (TBTO) in the immature mice testes. 3-week-old male ICR mice were orally administrated on one time basis of TBTO dose of 0 (Vehicle control, VC), 30 (TBTO 30 mg/kg, T30), 60 (TBTO 60 mg/kg, T60) per each one.(omitted)

Phenxoy compounds, 2,4-Dichlorophenol acetoxyacid (2,4-D) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP), are widely used as a herbicide and intermediate for pesticide manufacturing, respectively. In order to assess the potential of these compounds as endocrine disruptors, we studied the androgenicity of them using in vivo and in vitro assay system.(omitted)

This study was carried out by an Korean GLP laboratory to assess the combined repeated dose, reproduction and developmental toxicity of benzoyl peroxide for OECD SIDS(Screening Information Data Set) program. Male and female Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to benzoyl peroxide at levels of 0, 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg/day for 29 days for male and for 41-51 days for female.(omitted)

This study was carried out to develop the antitoxic compound about cytotoxicity of cadmium on NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. These cells divided into 3 groups: control groups (cadmium only) or MTT50 group (NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, 53.32 ${\mu}$M cadmium) and experimental group (53.32 ${\mu}$M quercitrin and 54.72 ${\mu}$M quercetin). (omitted)

This study was conducted to compare two biomarkers of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS); urinary cotinine and 1-hydroxypyrene-glucuronide (1-OHPG). Urine samples were collected from 102 junior high school students. Urinary cotinine was determined by GC and urinary 1-OHPG was assayed by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) after immuno-affinity purification using monoclonal antibody 8E11.(omitted)

Metallothioneins (MTs) are known to be induced by heavy metals in various organs of different species and represent a potential biomarker of aquatic contamination by heavy metals. In this work, cloning and sequencing of a metallothionein gene in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) was done and sensitivities and specificities of the gene expressions were compared.(omitted)

Celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, has been reported to prevent experimentally induced colon, breast, bladder, and skin carcinogenesis. Moreover, daily intake of celecoxib resulted in significant reduction of polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.(omitted)

In order to investigate whether the induction of micronucleus and aneuploidy in human lymphocytes by Hydroquinone (HQ) is associated with genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1, NQO1 gene, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay in combination with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique using specific centromeric probes for chromosome 7 and 8 and PCR-RFLP based genotyping for 30 healthy people were performed.(omitted)

In order to investigate the association of genetic factor with asthma and contribution of the genetic interactions to the incidence of asthma in Korean population, the genetic polymorphisms of Epoxide Hydrolase(EH), CD14 and ${\beta}$2-adrenergic receptor genese(${\beta}$2AR) among 33 asthma patients and 66 controls were examined.(omitted)

GX-12 is a naked DNA vaccine developed by Dong-A Pharmaceutical Company, Green Cross Company and Genexine for the treatment of HIV infection. GX-12 consists of four separate plasmids. This study was performed to investigate the autoimmunogenic potential of GX-12 using primary and secondary PLNA method, and to examine the induction of autoantibodies in mice immunized with GX-12.(omitted)

The potential allergenicity of the transgene products in genetically modified organisms (GMOs), has been an important issue. As a part of the risk assessment of GMOs, we investigated the physicochemical stability and the immunogenicity of food allergens to determine their allergenicity.(omitted)

The herbal combination allergina has been used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in South Korea. In this study, we investigated the immunosuppressive activities of allergina in more detail. Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.(omitted)

We investigated the mechanism of immunomodulatory action of polysaccharide isolated from cell culture of Acanthopanax senticosus (ASP). ASP was found to increase directly proliferation and differentiation of B cells, and cytokine production of macrophages, but not proliferation and cytokine production of T cells.(omitted)

Many polysaccharides isolated from plants have been shown to enhance various immune responses in vivo and in vitro. Here we demonstrate that polysaccharide isolated from the root of Acanthopanax koreanum (AK) has a unique mode of immunostimulation with regard to its cell-type specificity.(omitted)

In our previous study, we reported that PG, a polysaccharide isolated from Plyatycodon grandiflorum, activated macrophages and B cells, but not T cells. Here, we investigated in more detail the mechanism of action of PG in macrophage activation.(omitted)

A murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) has been developed as an alternative test to guinea pig maximization test. The disadvantage of LLNA is the need for the use of radioactive material. In this study, we aimed to investigate the development of non-radio isotopic endpoint for local lymph node assay in Balb/c mice using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation.(omitted)

Di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP) is one of the most commonly used phthalic acid esters(PAEs) as a plasticizer, a solvent or a component in cosmetic formulations. MBP(monobutyl phthalate) is a major metabolite of DBP. Although DBP has been identified as a reproductive toxicant in several animal species and also known as a endocrine disruptor, the direct or indirect immunomodulatory effect of DBP has been little reported.(omitted)

Recent studies suggest that inflammatory events are implicated in a variety of human diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have beneficial effects in treatment or prevention of these disorders.(omitted)

This work aimed to identify neuronal cell toxicity induced by decrease of physiological NO production by differential phosphorylation of constitutive neuronal NO synthase (nNOS), which can be mediated by Ca2+-dependent PKC and/or CaM-KII activities activated by metals.(omitted)

Methamphetamine (META) is a psychostimulant and has become popular recreational drug of abuse in many countries. The neurotoxic damage caused by METH is characterized by degeneration of the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems in striatum and hippocampus.(omitted)

Inflammatory as well as oxidative tissue damage has been associated with pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown to retard the progress of AD. In this study, we have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying oxidative and inflammatory cell death induced by beta-amyloid (Abeta), a neurotoxic peptide associated with senile plaques formed in the brains of patients with AD, in cultured PC12 cells.(omitted)

Hospital waste incinerating workers are exposed to various pyrolysis products including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PARs). We evaluated their exposure by assessing urinary 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide (1-OHPG), as internal dose of PAH exposure. The potential effect of genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1/T1 involved in PAH metabolisms was also investigated.(omitted)

The subacute toxicities and toxicokinetics of a new fluoroquinolone antibiotics, DW-224a, were evaluated after single (at the 1st day) and 4-week (at the 28th day) oral administration of the drug, in doses of 0 (to serve as a control), 10, 30 and 90 mg/kg/day, to male and female dogs (n = 3 for male and female dogs for each dose).(omitted)

Interferon has therapeutic potential for a wide range of infectious and proliferous disorders such as chronic hepatitis C. However, it has drawbacks such as relatively short serum half-life and rapid clearance like other therapeutic proteins. The attachment of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety to interferon is considered as one of the most promising solutions for its ability to extend the plasma residence time.(omitted)

In recent years, the safety of sunscreens has been challenged based on the reports of its adverse effect on users; dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, photoallergic contact dermatitis. To investigate a correlation between sun protection factor (SPF) and the safety of sunscreens, we measured in vitro SPF index using homosalate as a standard and examined the toxicity tests on cosmetics; primary skin irritation tests, ocular irritation test, and skin sensitization test.(omitted)

p16INK4a tumor suppressor gene transfer in the non-small cell lung cancer cells by transduction of recombinant adenovirus (Ad5CMV-p16) resulted in significant inhibition of cancer cell growth (Anticancer Res., 1998, 18:3257-3261). As a safety concern, we have investigated gene and protein expression after transduction of adenoviral vector (Ad5CMV-p16) in human non-small cell lung cancer (A549) cells by using microarray and 2D gel electrophoresis/ MALDI-TOF.(omitted)

In terms of the risk assessment, qualitative and quantitative informations are needed to estimate the exposures of environmental pollutants, which may create risks, and those are the information according to the changes caused by the movement of substances from the pollutant and duration.(omitted)

Occurrence of Chinese Herbs Nephropathy (CHN) has been reported in young women who had taken a slimming pills containing some chinese herbs. Aristolochic acid (AA) known as a carcinogen, was suspected as the major causal factor of CHN. AA is major component of fruit of A. contorta was used in Korean Traditional Medicine.(omitted)

GX-12 is a naked DNA vaccine developed by research team of Dong-A Pharmaceutical Company, Green Cross Company and Genexine for the treatment of HIV infection. It consists of four separate plasmids (pGX10-GE HX, pGX10-dpol JR, pGX10-VN/TV JR, pGX10-hIL-12m), which were constructed by inserting the HIV-1 gag-env, pol, regulatory genes and a human IL-12 mutant gene into pGX10 plasmid vectors.(omitted)

GX-12 is a naked DNA vaccine developed by Dong-A pharmaceutical company for the treatment of mv infection. GX-12 consists of four separate plasmids. This study was performed to evaluate the biodistribution and expression of GX-12 mRNA in gonadal tissues, and to investigate the histopathological changes in rats after repeated intramuscular injection.(omitted)

DA-8159, a new pyrazolopyrimidinone derivative for erectile dysfunction, was administered by gavage at levels of 0, 17.5, 70, and 280 mg/mg to Sprague-Dawley male rats from 28 days before mating to the end of mating period, and to remales from 14 days before mating to day 6 of gestation.(omitted)

The present study was conducted to investigate the potential embryo-fetal toxicity of 2-bromopropane(2-BP) in rats. The test agent was subcutaneously administered to pregnant rats from gestational day 6 to 19 at dose level of 0, 500, 1000, 1500 mg/kg.(omitted)

Alcohol drinking during pregnancy can result in abnormal fetal development including fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). The molecular mechanisms of FAS, however, is not completely elucidated. In the present study, we evaluated the developmental toxicity of ethanol and its metabolite, acetaldehyde using post implantation whole embryo culture and determined changes of gene expression by ethanol treatment by cDNA microarray.(omitted)