Recently, environmental-friendly agriculture (EFA) has been pointed out as an alternative for the change of our agricultural conditions. But the excessive amount of nutrients have been used to farmland since 1960s, when the intensive farming method called "High-Input, High-Yield" was expanded in earnest. This study was conducted to examine and compare farmers' purchasing and using fertilizer. For these purpose, data were gathered from a total of 326 farmers of the nation wide (greenhouse horticulture 60, upland cultivating 177, fruit-growing 89). The findings were as follows: First, 70.6% of greenhouse horticulture farmers, 89% of upland-cultivating farmers, 76.3% of fruit-growing farmers purchased fertilizer in Nong-hyup (farmers' cooperative organization). Second, only 54.2% of the greenhouse horticulture farmers, 60.2% of the upland cultivating farmers and 70.4% of the fruit-growing farmers recognized the optimum level of fertilizer. So, governmental organizations and agricultural technology center should carry out various programs for informing the farmers of the right way to use fertilizer and to practice EFA.

In the near future, the multicultural families are expected to be the majority of population living in the rural area, which is an aged and small-scaled society. Moreover, they are expected to have an important role in sustaining the culture of agriculture and a rural community. Therefore, it is very important for them to adjust and settle urgently as well as to develop a policy and social services for the adjustment and settlement. The purpose of this study is to identify different aspects of the participation in agricultural, social, and job activities of married immigrant women in a Korean rural area as well as to investigate the change of life satisfaction resulting from the l activities. The following findings were established from this study. First, married immigrant women participate in local social and agricultural activities in a Korean rural area more frequently than in their own country. However, the frequency of their participation in job activity in a Korean rural area is lower than in their own country. Second, the main factor that prevents married immigrant women from participating in agricultural activity in a Korean rural area is to carry out childcare, household chores, and farming at the same time. Their low participation in social activity and job activity mostly results from their lack of fluency in Korean. Third, married immigrant women score higher in the change of life satisfaction after participating in social activity and job activity than in agricultural activity.

The objectives of this study were to study multicultural society of rural areas in Korea. USA immigration law permits permanent settlement but Korea immigration law prohibits permanent settlement. USA adopted the territorial principle but Korea adopted the personal(nationality) principle. So a large number of people immigrated and settled in USA and mass(collective) immigrants is usual in USA. But foreign workers(temporary immigration) and international marriage women(individual immigrants) is usual in Korea. According to the positive law, foreign workers cannot settle down in Korea. So international marriage women immigrants are main cause of multicultural society in rural areas in Korea. This is the particularity of multicultural society in rural areas in Korea. So it is necessary to differentiate multicultural society policy according to areas and residents. Many peoples see multicultural society from a point of view of human rights and welfare. But it is also necessary to see multicultural society from a point of view of economic and policy.

The objectives of the article are to identify the people's needs and opinions for rural migration and visitation, and suggest implications on policy making. In order to select respondents without bias, the parents of elementary, middle, and high school students were systematically sampled and interviewed by questionnaire. College students as a representative group of young people were also sampled and interviewed. The number of questionnaires used for analysis was 970. The results of the data analysis show that the respondents recognize rural areas are good for health, experiential tourism and rests. The demands for visiting rural areas were high especially in the ages of the 30s to 40s. The aged urban people with 50 or more had high demands for moving to rural areas. Based on the results of analysis, it was suggested that rural areas be developed by utilizing the concepts of health, experiential and resting tourism. And the convenience and attractiveness for rural visitors should be improved by considering locations and endowed resources.

Rural tourism is a multi-faceted activities rather than farm-based tourism only. The study aims to investigate the profile of a consumer for each type of preferences of tourism activities. Data were collected from 308 people by field survey in rural areas. The study indicates that consumer satisfied with farmer's kindness and farmer's knowledge above all difference factors on tourism activities. The most preferences of activity's factor is program's quality which is include variety, characteristics, interest without regard to sex, age, companion. Both 'walking on the road' and 'climbing the Orum' is more likely than difference activities. It is important to have information on the characteristics and preferences of the consumers of the different types of tourism activities to develop program in rural tourism.

The purpose of this study is evaluate the direct payment program for rural landscape conservation and deduce facts to improve. This research is composed with a survey on local government officials and farmers joined this program, and used monitering in selected 41 zones. According to the surveys, this program showed a positive contribution to the effects: village harmony, visitors increase, village income. However, It's contribute in short term objectives, but has not yet reach the ultimate goal such as regional development through visitors and village income. We found some problems in the monitering, on the agreement with farmers, range of village activities, operating AgriX program, etc. Finally, we suggest some proposals ; 1) to redefine the aims and range for the program, 2) to clarify a village action program, 3) to strength the admission procedure, 4) to designate district based on landscape resources survey.

The objective of this study is to promote alternative plans on the prejudiced and distorted contents in school textbooks in the aspect of multi-functionality of agriculture and rural community. This was done through analysis of contents in 47 kinds of textbooks in science (8 of elementary school, 27 of middle school and 12 of high school). This will lead to promote understanding about the multi-functionality and form the proper value system related to agriculture and rural community for children and juveniles using textbooks. A content analysis was employed to examine to what extent the contents on agriculture and rural community were reflected in the textbooks for elementary school, middle school and high school. The content analysis was done in three categories, including presentation form, application method and function view. The followings are results of contents analysis in textbooks. The most frequently used presentation forms related to agriculture and rural community was figures and tables. In analysis of application methods, this research found that the contents related to agriculture and rural community were used to explain scientific facts and phenomena. In the function view, maintenance of local societies was most frequent among the various multi-functionalities in elementary and middle school, and food security in high school. Based on the results of content analysis, findings and recommendations in textbooks for elementary, middle and high school have been drawn, and several examples for contents development to be included in the textbooks were listed.

This study attempts to develop a framework to analyze and estimate various effects of agro-product e-commerce, and to find out the actual effects of the farmers operating on-line shopping systems through the developed framework. A depth-interview semi-structured on 5 farmers was acted to seek out latent effects which were disassembled and re-assembled into 3 dimensions; input costs, e-internal effects and e-external effects. E-external effects divide into e-indirect effects and e-societal effects. A survey from 29 farmers reveals that the e-internal effects are 26,929 thousand KRW a year, e-external effects 6,734 thousand KRW, and input costs 7,202 thousand KRW. ROI(Return on Investment) in 2007 is calculated at 367%.

The Machine Learning has been identified as a promising approach to knowledge-based system development. This study aims to examine the ability of machine learning techniques for farmer's decision making and to develop the reference model for using pig farm data. We compared five machine learning techniques: logistic regression, decision tree, artificial neural network, k-nearest neighbor, and ensemble. All models are well performed to predict the sow's productivity in all parity, showing over 87.6% predictability. The model predictability of total litter size are highest at 91.3% in third parity and decreasing as parity increases. The ensemble is well performed to predict the sow's productivity. The neural network and logistic regression is excellent classifier for all parity. The decision tree and the k-nearest neighbor was not good classifier for all parity. Performance of models varies over models used, showing up to 104% difference in lift values. Artificial Neural network and ensemble models have resulted in highest lift values implying best performance among models.

The purpose of this study is to segment the social awareness on the function of public benefit of agriculture and rural areas by socio-economic and action/attitude characteristics, and to identify the influential variables in social awareness. The nationwide survey of 1,200 adults aged over 20 was conducted, and the data was analyzed by PASW statistics 17.0. One of the awareness variables was the degree of the consent to the preservation of the public beneficial function. This variable was segmented by the interest on related information, the criteria of buying agricultural products, occupation and age. And the other awareness variable was the willingness to pay for the preservation of the public beneficial function. This variable was segmented by the education, occupation, income and the experience of living in rural areas. According to the results, some suggestions for improving the social awareness on the public beneficial function of agriculture and rural areas were discussed.

Local resources can be employed as an original resource for local revitalization. This study has investigated the local resource, and then categorized these to suggest the implication available to the industrialization. Local resources were classified into 5 categories(with 25 subcategories), including remains and ruins, ethnic custom, manners and customs, people, traditional food and the principal product, and the natural ecology environment. Three phases were carried out in this study. We made lists of local resources and analyzed applicable resources among the lists. Also, we selected the target resources for the survey in Gimpo, and also analyzed the application for industrialization. Of all these resources, 560 cases were first investigated, then 51 local resources were in-depth analyzed. Based on this result, the application plan was investigated, dividing the central resources and the connection resources.

Based on Rural living indicator -2005 survey data, in RDA this study attempted to investigate Rural Residents' real life satisfaction or identity model by the types of leisure consumption depending on each generation and explored the relationship between leisure consumption and the enhancement of self-identity/ interpersonal relationship, and that between leisure consumption satisfaction and real life satisfaction. Based on systematic random sampling with constructed questionnaires, 1,870 data were collected and analyzed. Overall, the results of this study showed that there are statistically significant differences between generation in leisure consumption. In detail, the findings of this study are as follows. The types of Rural Residents' leisure consumption can be divided into three styles including Semi-leisure type, Passive leisure type and Total leisure type consumption. The preferred types of leisure consumption of Rural Residents' were Semi-leisure type, Passive leisure type and Total leisure type in order. Except for times-pending leisure culture consumption, Semi-leisure type and Passive leisure type influenced on the enhancement of self-identity and interpersonal relationship, then the enhancement of self-identity and interpersonal relationship influenced on leisure consumption-satisfaction, and finally leisure consumption satisfaction influenced on real life satisfaction.