Despite a short history, the research on porous coordination polymers is gaining importance in inorganic chemistry thanks to facile synthesis, unambiguous characterization by X-ray diffraction and potentials as high-surface-area materials. Recently, gas sorption properties of various porous materials are under active investigations in order to know whether it is possible to store industrially important gases through physisorption, and porous coordination polymers are one of the most promising candidates for such a purpose. This article reviews two recent papers reporting a series of isomorphous frameworks based on Zn(II), dicarboxylate and diamine ligands and their gas sorption properties.

다양한 생리활성을 가지는 marine natural products는 일반적인 secondary metabolites와 유사한 구조를 가지는데, 염소, 브롬, 요오드의 할로겐 원소에 의해 수식이 되어있는 것이 일반적이다. Vanadium haloperoxidase는 이러한 marine natural products의 생산에 중요한 효소로 vanadate를 조효소로 하는 금속효소이다. 본 리뷰에서는 vanadium haloperoxidase의 분리와 단백질 구조를 살펴보고, 이 금속효소의 작용기작에 대해서 설명할 것이다. 마지막으로, vanadium haloperoxidase의 반응성과 secondary metabolites 중 indole, terpenoids, acetogenins의 생합성 예를 살펴볼 것이다.

[ $LiK_{1-x}Rb_{x}SO_{4}(x=0.1,\;0.2)$ ]의 결정을 313K에서 수용액법으로 성장시켰다. 결정구조는 X-ray 회절법을 이용하여 동일한 공간군 $P6_{3}(#173)$에서 수행되었다. 동일한 대칭성을 가진 두 화합물은 각각 3회 회전축에 위치하고 있는 Li과 $SO_{4}^{2-}$ 이온들이 서로 무한히 연결된 3차원적 그물구조를 형성하고 있고, 6회 회전축에 위치하고 있는 K와 Rb원자들은 각각 12개와 15개의 O 원자들과 배위를 이루고 있다. K와 Rb의 점유도는(0.91 : 0.09), (0.77 : 0.23)으로 정밀화 하였을 때 가장 안정된 상태에 도달하였다.

결정내(結晶內)에 있는 원자(原子)들이 일반위치(一般位置)에 놓이면 그 원자(原子)들은 1-fald rotation symmetry를 갖는 열적(熱的)인 ellipsoid의 운동(運動)을 한다. 마찬가지로 special position에 놓인 원자(原子)는 special position의 대칭(對稱)에 맞는 열적운동(熱的運動)을 하여야 한다. 이 paper에서는 special position에 놓인 원자(原子)의 비등방성온도인자(非等方性溫度因子)의 계산방법(計算方法)을 보였다.

Among many material processing related issues for successful scaling down of devices for the next 10 years or so, the advanced gate stack and interconnect technology are two most critical research areas, which need technical innovation. The introduction of new metallic films and appropriate processing technologies are required more than ever. Especially, as the device downscaling continues well into sub 50 nm regime, the paradigm for metal nano film deposition technique research has been shifted to high conformality, low growth temperature, high quality with uniformity at large area wafers. Regarding these, ALD has sparked a lot of interests for a number of reasons. The process is intrinsically atomic in nature, resulting in the controlled deposition of films in sub-monolayer units with excellent conformality. In this paper, the overview on the current issues and the future trends in device processing technologies related to metal nano films as well as the R&D trends in these applications will be discussed. The focus will be on the applications for metal gate, capacitor electrode for DRAM, and diffusion barriers/seed layers for Cu interconnect technology.

The crystal structure of the title compound has been analyzed by single crystal X-ray diffraction method. The compound crystallized in the triclinic space group $P\bar{1}$ with a=11.300(6) ${\AA}$, c=18.716(10) ${\AA}$, ${\alpha}=82.833(10)^{\circ}$, ${\beta}=83.042(11)^{\circ}$, ${\gamma}=66.139(10)^{\circ}$, $V=2162(2)\;{\AA}^{3}$, Z=2 and R1=0.661 for 10578 unique reflections. The four $C_{5}Me_{5}$ planar groups from a tetrahedron with a mean dihedral angle $70.92(9)^{\circ}$ among them and the $Ti_{4}O_{6}$ cage sits at the center of the tetrahedron. Each Ti atom in the $Ti_{4}O_{6}$ cage is bonded by three bridging oxygen atoms and coordinated by a $C_{5}Me_{5}$ ligand with a mean distance $2.067{\AA}$ from Ti atoms to the centroids of the four five-membered rings. Two oxygen atoms facing each other in $Ti_{4}O_{6}$ cage are $4.051(3){\AA}$ away in average.

Five Cu(II) compounds were obtained from different copper salts with btp ligands, and their structures were determined by X-ray crystallography. The structure of coordination polymer 2 contains btp-bridged tetranuclear Cu(II) units weakly connected by nitrate ions, and the structure of a discrete Cu(II) molecule 1 contains acetates and btp ligands. With perchlorate anions, two btp ligands bridge Cu(II) ions to form a double zigzag chain 3, while a single zigzag chain 4 is created with sulfate anions. The reaction of $Cu(NO_{3})_{2}$ containing $NH_{4}PF_{6}$ with btp ligands also produced a polymeric compound 5 containing $Cu(H_{2}O)_{2}^{2+}$ and $Cu(NO_{3})_{2}$ units alternatively bridged by btp ligands with H-bonds between copper bonded water and nitrate oxygen atoms. Five Zn(II) compounds were obtained from different zinc salts with btp ligands, and the structures of polymeric compounds (6, 7 and 8) and monomeric compounds (9 and 10) were determined by X-ray crystallography. With nitrate, chloride and bromide anions, btp ligands bridge Zn(II) ions to form polymeric compounds (6, 7 and 8), but btp ligands coordinate to a Zn(II) ion to form monomeric complexes (9 and 10) with $PF_{6}^{-}$ and perchlorate anions. Four silver salts and btp ligands produced two kinds of structures, dinuclear 20-membered rings and one-dimensional zigzag chain depending on different anions. For $ClO_{4}^{-}$ and OTf anions, weak interactions between Ag(I) and anions make dinuclear 20-membered rings construct polymeric compounds (11 and 13). For $PF_{6}^{-}$ anion, there are also weak interactions between Ag(I) and $F(PF_{6}^{-})(12)$, but they do not construct a polymeric compound. For $O_{2}CCF_{3}^{-}$ anion, btp ligands bridge Ag(I) atoms to make one-dimensional zigzag chain (14), and there are also interactions between Ag(I) and anions.

졸-겔 형판 합성법으로 제조된 페롭스카이트 나노구조의 입자크기에 따른 상전이를 연구하였다. 타탄산납, $PbTiO_{3}$, 화합물의 나노구조는 출발물질인 티타늄 테트라부톡사이드($Ti(OBu)_{4}$)와 아세트산 납($Pb(OAc)_{2}-3H_{2}O$)을 선택된 용매에 녹이고, 산화 알루미늄 형판($AlO_{x}\;template$)을 이용한 졸-겔 합성과정으로 거쳐서 제조하였다. 이 때, 200-nm 직경의 세공을 가진 막($Whatman^{\circledr}\;anodisc\;membranes$)이 형판으로 이용되었다. 선구물질이 코팅된 형판을 공기 중에서 말린 후, $650^{\circ}C$에서 소결하고, 6M-NaOH 용액에서 형판을 제거하였다. $PbTiO_{3}$ 나노구조의 상전이는 DSC, DTA, 비선형 광학적 특성 등을 이용하여 조사하였다.

A new crystal of helminth glutathione S-transferase, 28 kDa isozyme from Clonorchis sinensis has been grown from a 20% PEG MME 550 solution containing 50 mM $CaCl_{2}$ in 0.1 M bis-Tris buffer (pH 6.5) in $2{\sim}3$ days. The crystals diffract to $3.0{\AA}$ resolution and belong to the orthorhombic space group $P2_{1}2_{1}2_{1}$ with cell parameters $a=62.58{\AA},\;b=69.92{\AA},\;and\;c=339.67{\AA}$.

It is well known that the general metals have a lot of grain boundaries. The grain boundaries play a negative role to increase the resistivity and to decrease the conductivity. The small resistivity and the large conductivity have been a goal of the material scientists, and no signal noise, perfect signal transfer, and the realization of the real sound are the dream of electronic engineers and audio manias. Generally, oxygen free copper (OFC) and Ohno continuous casting (OCC) copper cables have been used for the purpose of the precise signal transfer and low noise. However they still include a lot of grain boundaries. In our study, we have grown the single crystal by the Czochralski method and succeeded to produce single crystal wires from the crystal in the dimension of $0.5{\times}0.5{\times}2500mm$. The produced wire still possesses very good single crystal properties. We observed the structure of the wire, and measured the resistance and impedance. Glow Discharge Spectrometer (GDS) was used for analyzing the compositions of copper single crystals and commercial copper. Current-Voltage curve, resistance, total harmonic distortion and speaker frequency response were measured for comparing electrical and acoustic properties of two samples.