The O&M (Operation and Maintenance) phase of offshore plants with a long life cycle requires heavy charges and more efforts than the construction phase, and the occurrence of an accident of an offshore plant causes catastrophic damage. So previous studies have focused on design for reliability, and recently many studies have dealt with a maintenance system to prevent unexpected failures. Nowadays due to the emerging ICTs (Information Communication Technologies) and sensor technologies, it is possible to send health monitoring information of important equipment to administrator of an offshore plant in real time, which leads to having much concern on condition based maintenance policy or predictive maintenance. In this study, we have reviewed previous studies associated with condition-based maintenance of offshore plants, and introduced the approaches predicting failures of the compressor which is one of essential mechanical devices in LNG FPSO.

This paper presents a bottleneck detection framework using simulation approach in a wafer FAB (Fabrication). In a semiconductor manufacturing industry, wafer FAB facility contains various equipment and dozens kinds of wafer products. The wafer FAB has many characteristics, such as re-entrant processing flow, batch tools. The performance of a complex manufacturing system (i.e. semiconductor wafer FAB) is mainly decided by a bottleneck. This paper defines the problem of a bottleneck process and propose a simulation based framework for bottleneck detection. The bottleneck is not the viewpoint of a machine, but the viewpoint of a step with the highest WIP in its upstream buffer and severe fluctuation. In this paper, focus on the classification of bottleneck steps and then verify the steps are not in a starvation state in last, regardless of dispatching rules. By the proposed framework of this paper, the performance of a wafer FAB is improved in on-time delivery and the mean of minimum of cycle time.

Recently, Productivity of the construction industry has been decreasing than other industries. Because of this, BIM is being spread in the construction industry. However, quality criteria for BIM data is insufficient. Regulation information is an important factor for initial architectural design evaluations. However, building code and related regulation are numerous. National building code structure in Korea is much more complex than other countries. The purpose of this study is to suggest the typology method of building code and apply to real regulations. To achieve this purpose, the authors have extracted required information to from original regulation for code checking and suggested mapping methods between extracted information and information of IFC scheme. In addition, the authors have represented EXPRESS-G diagram for extracting information from IFC scheme and suggested code checking method through stair case. Output of this study can be used as a base line data for automated code checking system based on open BIM. Automated code checking system will be utilized in architectural design evaluations and supported to increase design quality. It can be used to mount in SEUMTER that is the construction administration system of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT).

Presented in the paper is a reservation based dispatching rule to achieve the on-time delivery in system LSI (large scale integrated circuit) semiconductor fabrication (FAB) with urgent orders. Using the proposed reservation based dispatching rule, urgent lots can be processed without waiting in a queue. It is possible to achieve the on-time delivery of urgent orders by reserving a proper tool for the next step in advance while urgent lots are being processed at the previous step. It can cause, however, tardiness of normal lots, because the proposed rule assign urgent lots first. To solve this problem, the proposed rule tries to find the best tool for the reservation in the tool group, which can minimize idle time, and the reservation rule is applied at all tools except for photolithography tools (bottleneck). $MOZART^{(R)}$ which is developed by VMS solutions are used for simulation experiments. The experimentation results show that the reservation based dispatching rule can achieve the on-time delivery of normal lots as well as urgent lots.

Engineering applications of global optimization techniques are recently abundant in the literature and it may be caused by both new methodologies arising and faster computers coming out. Many of the optimization techniques are based on natural or biological phenomena. This study put focus on enhancing the performace of Cuckoo Search (CS) among them since it has the least number of parameters to tune. The proposed enhancement can be achieved by applying surrogate-based optimization at every cycle of CS, which fortifies the exploitation capability of the original method. The enhanced algorithm has been applied several engineering design problems with constraints. The proposed method shows comparable or superior performance to the original method.

3D city model, which consisted of the 3D building models and their geospatial position and orientation, is becoming a valuable resource in virtual reality, navigation systems, civil engineering, etc. The purpose of this research is to propose the new framework to generate the 3D city model that satisfies visual and physical requirements in ground oriented simulation system. At the same time, the framework should meet the demand of the automatic creation and cost-effectiveness, which facilitates the usability of the proposed approach. To do that, I suggest the framework that leverages the mobile mapping system which automatically gathers high resolution images and supplement sensor information like position and direction of the image. And to resolve the problem from the sensor noise and a large number of the occlusions, the fusion of digital map data will be used. This paper describes the overall framework with major process and the recommended or demanded techniques for each processing step.

Recent AEC industry, is introducing BIM based design process which mainly focuses on collaboration and integration. Since BIM has characteristic of utilizing several design libraries in various fields across the AEC industry, obtaining BIM libraries are essential for introducing and applying the BIM successfully. Thus, creating BIM libraries and guidelines for various fields are needed. BIM libraries can be categorized into disciplines such as architectural, structural, mechanical and electrical industries. Especially, companies in mechanical industry possesses design data for creating BIM library. Due to the fact, we standardized the property information for BIM libraries. And for BIM library production, we have developed a program which uses neutral format to convert 3D MCAD data designed by $NX^{TM}$ into $Revit^{TM}$ Family. Finally, we developed a program that merges property information to Revit Family file.

Most of the car navigation systems pzrovide 2D or 3D virtual map-based driving guidance. One of the important issues is how to reduce cognitive burden to the driver who should interpret the abstracted information to real world driving information. Recently, an augmented reality (AR)-based navigation is considered as a new way to reduce cognitive workload by superimposing guidance information into the real world scene captured by the camera. In particular, head-up display (HUD) is popular to implement AR navigation. However, HUD is too expensive to be set up in most cars so that the HUD-based AR navigation is currently unrealistic for navigational assistance. Meanwhile, smartphones with advanced computing capability and various sensors are popularized and also provide navigational assistance. This paper presents a research on cognitive effect and responsiveness of an AR navigation by a comparative study with a conventional virtual map-based navigation on the same smartphone. This paper experimented both quantitative and qualitative studies to compare cognitive workload and responsiveness, respectively. The number of eye gazing at the navigation system is used to measure the cognitive effect. In addition, questionnaires are used for qualitative analysis of the responsiveness.

Although there have been a lot of BIM R&Ds in the civil engineering and their applications to the real projects, BIM in the field is still known to be behind the other areas. One of the reasons for this should be that the civil projects is generally too public for private participants to try new technologies, but it is mainly because the projects are so huge and complex that we still have the working environment where the systematic information sharing or exchanging is not smooth enough. In this paper, we are verifying the possibility and proposing the direction of BIM information standardization technology in civil engineering based on the integrated BIM information standard framework. For this purpose, after reviewing the introduction plan for BIM information framework, we applied it to an actual civil structure for test. The implementation result proved that the framework has possibility and effectiveness for the takeoff and construction cost calculation, which confirmed the standard framework needs to be extended consistently. This study is expected to contribute to the standard system establishment and its technology propagation for BIM development in the civil engineering.

This paper presents a real-time rendering algorithm of large-scale geometric data using GLSL (OpenGL shading language). It details the VAO (vertex array object) and VBO(vertex buffer object) to be used for up-loading the large-scale point clouds and polygon meshes to a graphic video memory, and describes the shader program composed by a vertex shader and a fragment shader, which manipulates those large-scale data to be rendered by GPU. In addition, we explain the global rendering procedure that creates and runs the shader program with the VAO and VBO. Finally, a rendering performance will be measured with application examples, from which it will be demonstrated that the proposed algorithm enables a real-time rendering of large amount of geometric data, almost impossible to carry out by previous techniques.