The functional behavior of a consumer electronic product is nearly all expressed with human-machine interaction (HMI) tasks. Although physical prototyping and computer aided design (CAD) software can show the appearance of the product, they cannot properly reflect its functional behavior. In this paper, we propose an approach to virtual prototyping (VP) that incorporates HMI functional simulation into virtual reality techniques in order to enables users to capture not only the realistic look of a consumer electronic product but also its functional behavior. We adopt state transition methodology to capture the HMI functional behavior of the product into a state transition chart, which is later used to construct a finite state machine (FSM) for the functional simulation of the product. The FSM plays an important role to control the transition between states of the product. We have developed a VP system based on the proposed approach. The system receives input events such as mouse clicks on buttons and switches of the virtual prototype model, and it reacts to the events based on the FSM by activating associated activities. The system provides the realistic visualization of the product and the vivid simulation of its functional behavior using head-mounted displays (HMD) and stereo speakers. It can easily allow users to perform functional evaluation and usability testing. A case study about the virtual prototyping of an MP3 player is given to show the usefulness of the proposed approach.

Virtual Reality(VR) data in VR environments like Manufacturing industries are often created jointly by many creators. It is then necessary to provide protection of the joint-creatorship and the creatorship of each participating creator. This paper proposes Multiple Digital Watermarking Framework(MDWF) to solve the problem of joint-creatorship. The proposed framework, MDWF, makes use of 3D private watermarking technology and a novel key sharing protocol for joint-creatorship verification. MDWF embeds 3D private multiple watermarks for the creatorship of each participating creators in a non-overlapping manner during the creation process. After key agreement of all private keys, MDWF embeds an additional 3D private watermark for the joint-creatorship. Therefore MDWF successfully handles the creatorship dispute among creators. That is, each participation creator can prove his/her partial creatorship as well as joint-creatorship by MDWF. In addition, MDWF can solve the collusion problems because shared secret key(SSK) can be made by every users.

As 3D solid modeling has been widely used in designing products, solid models of the products are directly used in various applications such as engineering analysis and process planing. However, the fully-detailed solid models may not be necessary in some application. For example, it is often more efficient to use simplified model of part of engineering analysis. Generation of mesh for the complex original model requires a quite amount of time, and the consequence of finite element analysis may not be desirable due to small and detailed geometry in the model. In this paper, a method to simplify solid models of machined part is presented. This method decomposes the delta volume of machined part, and uses the decomposed volumes to simplify the solid model. Since this method directly recognizes the features to be removed from the final model, it is independent of not only design features of specific CAD system, but also designer's design practice of design sequences.

Three-dimensional mesh models have been widely used in various applications such as simulations, animations, and e-catalogs. In such applications the normal vectors of mesh models are used mainly for shading and take up the major portion of data size and transmission time paper over networks. Therefore a variety of techniques have been developed to compress them efficiently. In this paper, we propose the MOEC (Modified Octree Encoding Compression) algorithm, which allow multi lever compression ratios for 3D mesh models. In the algorithm, a modified octree has nodes representing their own positions and supporting a depth of the tree so that the normal vectors are compressed up to levels where the shading is visually indistinguishable. This approach provides efficient in compressing normals with multi-level ratios, without additional encoding when changing in compression ratio is required.

Designer has recently required the supporting system to assist the design steps that are not simple and standardized. But, as it is often the case with many researches, the design support systems have the problems that the functional module's expansion and the flexible connection with the intelligent CAD System are insufficient. In this paper, we present a framework, EDSS Frame (Expanded Design Support System Frame) to improve in its problems. For the implementation of the EDSS Frame, we make the functional modules, the executable files and analyze a characteristic of the functional modules. Finally, we checked the cases that is generated. Through these works, we organize the algorithm of the running process in each cases. A user can make the process through the association of the functional modules. Also, we make the DLL files or algorithms for corresponding in change of the intelligent CAD System. User can make the additional file or algorithm for a new release of the intelligent CAD system. EDSS Frame can be used for the implementation of the design support system on a various fields, and assists a designer with the rapid reconstruction of the design support system through the continuous addition of the functional modules and the redefinition of the running process between the functional modules.

Teleconferences have been used in business sectors to reduce traveling costs. Traditionally, specialized telephones that enabled multiparty conversations were used. With the introduction of high speed networks, we now have high definition videos that add more realism in the presence of counterparts who could be thousands of miles away. This paper presents a new technology that adds even more realism by telecommunicating with hand gestures. This technology is part of a teleconference system named SMS (Smart Meeting Space). In SMS, a person can use hand gestures to manipulate meeting data that could be in the form of text, audio, video or 3D shapes. Fer detecting hand gestures, a machine learning algorithm called SVM (Support Vector Machine) has been used. For the prototype system, a 3D interaction environment has been implemented with $OpenGL^{TM}$, where a 3D human skull model can be grasped and moved in 6-DOF during a remote conversation between distant persons.

This paper concerns about residential environment analysis program implementation for design and analysis on public housing complexes such that view and daylight analysis processes are automated and integrated into existing design routine to achieve better design efficiency. Considering the architectural design trends this paper chooses ArchiCAD as a platform for a CAD system, which contains the concepts such as integrated object-oriented CAD, virtual building and BIM. Residential environment analysis system consists of three components. The first component is the 3D modeling part defining 3D form information for external geographic contour models, site models and interior/exterior of apartment buildings. The second is the parametric library part handling the design parameters for view and daylight analysis. The last is the user interface for the input/output and integration of data for the environment analysis. Daylight analysis shows rendered images as well as results of daylight reports and grades per time and performs the calculations for floor shadow. It separates the site-only analysis from the analysis of site and exterior environmental parameters. View analysis considers horizontal and vertical view angles to produce view image from each unit and uses the bitmap analysis method to determine opening ratio, scenery ratio and void ratio. We could expect better performance and precision from this residential environment analysis system than the existing 2D drawing based view and daylight analysis methods and overcome the existing one-way flow of design information from 3D form to analysis reports so that site design modifications are automatically reflected on analysis results. Each part is developed in a module so that further integration and extension into other related estimation and construction management systems are made possible.

Presented in the paper is an algorithm to generate a section curve by slicing a point cloud which may include tens of thousands of points. Although there are couple of previous results, they are very sensitive on the density variations and local noising points. In the paper, three technological requirements are identified; 1) dominant point sampling, 2) avoiding local vibration, and 3) robustness on the density changes. To satisfy these requirements, we propose a new slicing algorithm which is based on a node-circle diagram. The algorithm has been implemented and tested with various examples.