Transportation systems around the world are difficult to maintain sustainability that, in a broad sense, is the capacity to endure. By connecting Entropy theory and systems thinking, we find the current problems and seek alternative plans. Distortions of the current transportation system to improve individual's ease and increasing traffic congestion, impose us the heavy energy consumption and will make increase whole entropy. UNEP reports are presented following three reasons that undermine the sustainabillity. The first one is that the prevalent traffic system highlight benefits of accessibility than benefits of mobility, the second, deteriorate excessive energy consumption, and the last reason is that personal vehicles has inhibited the use of public transportation. Alternative ideas to enhance the sustainable transportation system are these; (1) changeover from 'Ease of movement' to 'space efficiency', (2) evolving the smart traffic system instead of the construction or expansion of the road and (3) creating more comfortable the use of mass transportation. In addition, there are another ways that encouraging modal shift that increase traffic of goods, transport over railway lines and waterways, decongesting transport corridors and elevating technology to improve public transportation. The most importantly, we converse our cognitive process to be willing to enjoy uncomfortable and annoying life.

The concept of social capital has recently been highlighted in most fields of social science because social capital is believed to be an alternative of market and government failures. However, social capital is of high ambiguity that hinders in conceptualizing and modeling that can differs from the premises, such as whether social capital lies in individual actors or collective substances, or whether social networks are functioning by rationality or emotion. This study therefore tries to examine the concept of social capital and suggest 6 types of it following by the anthropologic concept of 'reciprocity' as well as to provide fruitful discussions on the introduction of social capital variables to System Dynamics modeling of sustainable development. Conclusively, the introduction of social capital to the integration models of environment-economy-society should be based on strongly understanding the social networks, individual identities, and local particularities of the relevant localities in order to enhance the structural validity and applicability of sustainable development models in System Dynamics.

The paper examines dynamic relationship among 'Limit to Growth' factors in Korea using causal loop diagram. It also aims to explore policy implications for Korea in overcoming current difficulties and future crisis we may face. For this purpose, five factors -economy, population, resource, environment, food- used in the were adopted as an analytical framework. Findings show that Korea is fragile to external shock such as world economic crisis, food price surge, and resource price -including energy price- hike. High dependency of energy, food and resource on foreign market was found to be a major source of limit to growth in Korea. Furthermore, environmental problems like global warming could be a major external shock that could hit Korea harder than the rest of the world. Policy implications and measures for these problems were discussed too.

이 연구는 청주와 청원의 행정구역 통합에 따른 파급효과를 유량－저량 다이어그램 모형을 구축하여 분석하는 데에 역점을 두며, 제시한 모형은 행정구역 통합에 대한 이론적 고찰과 청주와 청원의 역사적 배경에 토대를 두고, 도시를 구성하는 주요 지표의 인과관계에 기초한다. 첫째, 인구수 측면에서 통합이 이루어질 때의 인구가 분리되어 있을 때의 인구보다 상대적 많이 늘어난다. 분리된 상태에서도 청주와 청원의 인구는 전반적으로 증가 추세를 나타내지만, 통합이 이루어질 경우에는 청원의 인구 유입이 상대적으로 큰 폭으로 늘어나는 경향을 보인다. 둘째, 공무원 수의 측면에서는 통합이 이루어질 때에는 종전에 비해 다소 적은 수의 공무원이 근무하리라고 기대되지만, 그 차이는 미미 하리라고 예측된다. 셋째, 산업체 수와 종업원 수는 인구측면의 시뮬레이션 결과와 유사한 형태를 나타냈다. 통합이 이루어질 경우에는 청주의 산업체수의 변화는 미미하지만, 청원은 산업체 수와 종업원 수에서의 변화가 분리 시나리오에서 보다 큰 증가세를 나타낸다. 넷째, 지방세 수입 측면에서는 통합과 분리 시나리오에 의한 결과 차이가 크지 않았는데, 이는 관련 법령 및 규정에서 통합과 분리에 따른 차이를 조정하고 있기 때문이다. 과거 추세의 측면에서 청주는 지방세 수입 부분이 수렴되고 있는 구조를 나타내고 있으며, 청원은 증가하는 구조를 나타내는데, 청원은 산업체 수와 토지가격의 상승에 따른 세금의 증가로 지방세 규모에서 청주와의 차이가 점차 줄어드리라고 예상한다. 다섯째, 사회기반시설 측면에서 상수도보급률과 도로연장 부문은 통합 시나리오와 분리 시나리오의 결과 차이가 크지는 않았으나, 구축 속도의 측면에서는 통합되는 경우가 청원 지역에 유의미한 효과를 미친다. 왜냐하면 청주에서는 사회기반시설의 상당 부분이 이미 구축되어 있고, 통합 되는 경우에도 사회기반시설측면의 지역개발비가 상당 부분 청원 지역에 우선투자 되도록 통합시 이행결의문이 마련되어 있기 때문이다. 다만, 통합이 이루어지지 않은 경우에도 청원의 사회기반시설 구축은 지속적으로 이루어지리라고 기대된다.

The situation of the global food markets has been being rapidly restructured and entering on a new phase by new dynamic and driving forces. The factors such as economic growth and income increase, high energy price, globalization, urbanization, and global climate change are transforming patterns of food consumption, production, and markets. The prices and markets of world food and energy are getting increasingly linked each other. Food and fuel are the global dilemma issues associated with the risk of diverting farmland or of consuming cereals for biofuel production in detriment of the cereals supply to the global food markets. An estimated 100 million tons of grain per year are being redirected from food to fuel. Therefore, the objectives of this study are as follows: Firstly, the study examines situations of the world food and energy resources, analyzes the trends of prices of the crude oil and biofuel, and formulates the food-energy links mechanism. Secondly, the study builds a simulation model, based on system dynamics approach, for not only analyzing the global cereals market and energy market but also forecasting the global production, consumption, and stock of those markets by 2030 in the future. The model of this study consists of four sectors, i.e., world population dynamics sector, global food market dynamics sector, global energy market dynamics sector, scenario sector of world economic growth and oil price.