Litho printing ink vehicles based on rosin modified phenolic are faster drying, have better durability, are harder and glosser and have greater resistance to water than ones based on ester gums. Ink-Water balance and rheological properties are important in litho printing process. These physical properties is concerned with molecular weight of Resin to use vehicle. So this paper was studied about the effects of changing molecular weight of Rosin modified phenolic on surface tension, viscosity, pseudoplasticity and printablility of Litho Inks. The results were as follows. 1) The surface tension of model inks depended on the molecular weight of the resin : Dispersion componnent of ink increase but non dispersion component decrease as molecular weight of Resin increase. 2) Water pick-up of litho ink is more fast balance, using low molecular weight of Resin. 3) Viscosity, Yield value and Newtonian value of model inks increase as molecular weight of Resin increase. 4) The litho ink prepared with the modified phenolic of which molecular weight is about 20000 showed the highest printing density and gloss.

Recently, the photopolymer made of novolak resin as the base and the naphthoquinonediazide(NQD) as the photoreactive compound is used for the presensitized plate(PS plate). The reaction mechanism of the NQD-novolak resin on light exposure is considered. Upon exposure it undergoes a Wolff rearrangement, via ketene intermediate which react with water ti form an 3-indene carboxylic acid. It was also found that NQD type resin in this experiment shows a high relative sensitivity compared with imported sample from Japan.

The monobath method is accomplished using chemical solution, as processing in a developing and fixing at the same time, into which the exposed photographic material is placed. For this study, we appointed some values to be a standard that to coming as a results by normal processing with the developer D-76 for film Fuji Neopan SS 35mm, and which is compared with a monobath process. The experimental results show that processed condition is useful and applicable in monobath, for FX-6a and Keelan No.315.

To investigate relations between Grain-shape of plate and Dot-Gain in the lithography, Printing plates were made by Mechanical Grain, Brush Grain and Electrolytic Grain method.Fine multi-grain by electrolytic method of them resulted in less Dot-grain on the paper, more damping water on the none image part of printing plate.

Synthetic photoresist have partially displaced the natural materials, but bichromated casein have remained in use until recently at etching industry such as chemical milling. The object of this paper is that the mutual relations among factors and suitable latitude in pattern formation or etching process when is to be applied the casein ammonium bichromate photoresist.

In the last decade, digital image processing technics have been rapidly developed according to the advancement of electronic technique, and total scanner and DTP system were developed. Specially, there is need to retouch the color and image on the CRT. In this paper, we described a method to display surface color of printing on the CRT, and an algorithm to simulate the color reproduction by offset printing. The experimental results show that the described method and algorithm are useful and valid on the computer simulation of the multi-color printing adapted process ink characteristics.

Electrochrominm is a phenomenon of reversible change in optical properties produced electrochromically. Among the several organic type electrochromic displays(ECD), the one based on viologen solution is still attractive and become of the possibility for choosing various colors by introducing different substituents in viologen molecules. But these has been rather a severe problem in this type of ECD, which is the erasing failure caused by the recrystallized molecule sticking to the display electrode.This paper was investigated on developing a new class of composite materials which consists of the mixture of BV2+ . 2BF4-, TMPD with TBABF4 as supporting electrolyte to overcome the above mentioned problem of viologen solution.

For the vehicle of UV ink formulated with prepolymer and/or reactive diluent, according to change photoinitiator concentration, we measured viscoelasticity of films of bisphenol A diacrylate cured by UV irrdiation, investigated dynamic characteristics and structural changes.

A new ink transfer model based on the physical mechanism for the maximum ink transfer rate is proposed, and examined by the experimental data of P.J Mangin et, al. for the relations of the maximum ink transfer rates to the printing pressure, the speed and the roughness of paper substrates. The free ink split coefficient and immobilized ink under the maximum ink transfer rate are calculated by the new model and the experimental data. It is concluded that the new model is very useful, and the free ink split coefficient and the immobilized ink are inversely propotional and propotional to the paper roughness respectively and both are saturated eventually under the critical values.

This styudy analyzed the main bodies, marginal space, Position of the main bodies of curent textbooks in high schools and "the eriteria of reading system for textbooks" which was sugested the Department of Education and Provided some sugestions for the improvement. The research methods used for the study were both literature review and survey rdsdarch with a questionaire. Inorder to research for the main body of textbook, space of margin, the optimum position fo the main body, sizes of litters, spaces between letters, words, lines length of lines, sizes of main body and margin, and margin, and postitionof main body were checked through a related literature review. For the questionaire experiment, a questionaire based on data drawn from analysis of textbooks, "criteria for reading system of textbook" sugested by the Department of Education, and some suggestions for improvement by the researcher was made and used for the test, targetting 384 body and girl students in high schools.

The photosensitive properties and carrier transport in the organic photoconductor with the carrier transport layers(CTL) of polymer matrix doped with two carrier transport materials above carrier generation layer(CGL) containing oxotitanium phthalocyanine (TiOPc) were investigated. The CGL of TiOPc dispersed in poly(vinylbutyral) was formed as thickness of 0.1${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$and the carrier transport layer was prepared by coating polycarbonate and polyester doped with oxadiazoly(OXD), polyvinylcarbazole (PVK), trinitro fluorenone(TNF) as thickness of 10~15${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, respectively. We have measured half decay exposure,sensitivity and xerographic gain from the photo-induced discharge curve(PIDC). In this work, it was found that the characteristics of carrier transport were mainly caused by the ionization potential difference of constitutive materials in molecularly doped polymer.

This is the study which appear the relation between the situation of Anchor point and the qualities of lithographic prints using the uncoated paper. Anchor point were measured by microscopic photography and Kubelka-munk`s method. The situation of Anchor point increased with print density and print though, but it decreased with evenness and rub off. In case of commercial uncoated paper, the situation of Anchor point was optimized when it was 25~35% apporoximately. In preparation of samples for microscopic photography, the samples were used by the resin testing methods. This method used that the resin fixes the printed papers of sample very hard, in preparation of samples for microscopica potography a good result could be gained by this method.

New methodolgies for the syntheses of unsymmetrical squarylium(SQ) dyes for organic photoconductors(OPC) were developed and photostabilities for these dyes were dicucced. These dyes absorbed at 640-690nm and exhibit high molecular extinction coefficient about 10. photodegradation rate of these dyes is acceralated in the presence if singlet oxygen sensitizer. On the other hand, the photodegradation rate os retarded by adding effective singlet oxygen quencher, such as 2:1 metal dithiolate. It is suggested that the photodegration of unsymmetrical SQ dye may be due to a photo-oxidation involving singlet oxygen.

A new photochromic spiroxazine dye having a pyridinium s-triazine moiety has been prepared. It shows a reversible photochemical color change from colorless to reddish-purple in ethanol solution. In ethanol solution the half life time of the open form was 150sec, which was shortened by raising temperature. Silica-immobilized spiroxazine(6). Fine power of silica-immobilized spiroxazine was changed intensely blue from colorless by U.V. light or sunlight.

Litho printing ink vehicles based on rosin modified phenolic are faster drying, have better durability, are harder and glosser and have greater resistance to water than ones based on ester gums. Ink-Water balance and rheological properties are important in litho printing process. These physical properties is concerned with molecular weight of Resin to use vehicle. So this paper was studied about the effects of changing molecular weight of Rosin modified phenolic on surface tension, viscosity, pseudoplasticity and printability of Litho Inks. The results were as follows. 1) The surface tension of model inks depended on the molecular \veight of the resin : Dispersion componnent of ink increase but non dispersion component decrease as molecular weight of Resin increase. 2) Water pick-up of litho ink is more fast balance, using low molecular weight of Resin. 3) Viscosity, Yield value and Newtonian value of model inks increase as molecular weight of Resin increase. 4) The litho ink prepared with the modified phenolic of which molecular weight is about 20000 showed the highest printing density and gloss.

The Aggregation State of thin vapor deposite Film made by Cyanine Dye were changed into Monomeric molecular state(M) and Dimeric Aggregation(D) at the acidic treatment, into reversible H-Aggregation (H) at alkalic gas or heat treatment. Photo-electric properties were higher H than D and M, this stats were effective in enhancing Photoelectric-conversion characteristic. Substitute group of Meso-Position being stronger electronic Donors, Electronic density is higher and Electric conductivity is enhanced, we confirmed Oscillator Strength calculated by PPP-Molecular Orbital Calculation and Absorption Spectra at solvent stats were agreed good.

Irradiation of aromatic diazonium salts resulted in an effcient elimination of nitrogen, yielding substitution products. This paper was not only studies about photolysis of aromatic diazonium with double salts but also coexistence of ion and radical when they was photolysis. Photolysis of aromatic diazonium was depend on excite wave length therefore photolysis products out put different absorption intensity such other. We also confirmed coexistence of ion and radical when they was accomplished photolysis. In case of BD, there are ion decomposition process about 90 percentage, decreased ion decomposition process the other side radical`s it was becomeing increased according to excite of short-wave length.

This syudy analyzed the main bodies, marginal space, Position of the main bodies of current textbooks in high schools and "the eriteria of reading system for textbooks" which was suggested the Department of Education and Provided some suggestions for the improvement. The research methods used for the study were both literature review and survey rdsdarch with a questionaire. Inorder to research for the main body of textbook, space of margin, the optimum position of the main body, sizes of litters, spaces between letters, words, lines, length of lines, sizes of main body and margin, and margin and position of main body were checked through a related literature review. For the questionaire experiment, a questionaire based on data drawn from analysis of current textbooks, :criteria for reading system of textbook" suggested by the Department of Education, and some suggestions for improvement by the researcher was made and used for the test, targetting 384 body and girl student in high schools.n high schools.