Purpose: This study aims to examine the effects of occupational stress, coping flexibility, and hardiness on burnout in nurses and the factors influencing these relationships. Methods: Convenience sampling was used in this study to engage a total of 122 nurses from two general hospitals. A structured questionnaire was used to assess the nurses' occupational stress, coping flexibility, hardiness, and burnout. The collected data were analyzed with regard to descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression by using the SPSS program. Results: There were differences in the extent of burnout in nurses depending on their age, marital status, educational level, and religion. Burnout and occupational stress were positively correlated, whereas there was a negative correlation between burnout and hardiness. For the factors influencing nurses' burnout, occupational stress was identified to be most influential, followed by hardiness, total clinical career, religion, and working unit. Conclusion: To decrease burnout in nurses, there is a need for developing and deploying programs which can reduce their occupational stress and enhance hardiness.

Purpose: This study investigated the degree of, and factors influencing the spiritual care among home healthcare nurses. Methods: The subjects were 168 advanced practice nurses working in 94 hospital-based facilities for home health care located in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Incheon Metropolitan City. Data were collected from January 14, 2019, to March 7, 2019, using structured questionnaires on spiritual care and related variables based on the literature. Data were analyzed by t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis (stepwise) using SPSS Version 23.0 program. Results: The results showed that the degree of spiritual care of home health care nurses was 3.44 points out of a possible 5 points. Factors affecting nurses' spiritual care were spiritual well-being(𝛽=.36, p<.001), recognition of spiritual care as the nature of nursing(𝛽=.17, p=.016) and role of nurses(𝛽=.22 p=.002), regular-based education for spiritual care(𝛽=.23, p<.001), patients' discomfort with spiritual discussion(𝛽=-.18, p=.001), and nurses' experience in home health care area(𝛽=.14, p=.010), which explained 57.2% of the observed variation in spiritual care. Conclusion: This study suggests the need to develop regular-based education programs for facilitating spiritual care and strengthening home health care nurses' spiritual well-being and their positive perceptions toward spiritual care.

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore research trends on hospital nurses' happiness. Methods: Studies published from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2020 were searched. At the first search, 1,898 articles were extracted from academic databases. Twenty-eight articles were used in the systematic review, and 20 included meta-analysis. Results: There were 38 variables explored in relation to nurses' happiness. The variables with the highest meta-analysis value were resilience, positive psychological capabilities, quality of nursing work life, and perceived stress on nursing performance measurement. Among the areas classified based on the nurses' happiness theoretical framework, personal factors (r=.60) and work environment factors (r=.51) showed high meta-correlation values. Conclusion: The relationship between the hospital nurses' happiness and work-related factor in various dimensions has been confirmed. Considering variables related to hospital nurses' happiness in the future, various programs at the individual level and organizational level should be developed.

Purpose: This study examined the effects of nurses' attitude toward death and their perception of hospice and palliative care on their terminal care stress in long-term care hospitals (LCHs). Methods: Participants included 127 nurses from 6 Incheon LCHs. Data were collected between July and August, 2020. Self-report questionnaires were administered to collect data on their general characteristics, terminal care stress, attitude toward death, and perception of hospice and palliative care. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple linear regression using the SPSS 23.0 statistical program. Results: Nurses' terminal care stress was affected by their attitude toward death (𝛽=.30, p<.001) and perception of hospice and palliative care (𝛽=.28, p=.002) with an explanatory power of 21.6%. Conclusion: Terminal care stress was significantly associated with their attitude toward death and perception of hospice and palliative care. Therefore, educating nurses in LCHs about death and hospice and palliative care is essential to manage their terminal care stress effectively.

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the mediating effect of menopausal symptoms in the relationship between occupational stress and quality of Life in middle-aged working women Method: Data collection was conducted from May 2019 to July 2019. A sample of 130 middle-aged working women was recruited from three cities in Korea. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tset, ANOVA, Scheffé test, pearson correlation, and a three step regression analysis. The mediating effect was analyzed using PROCESS macro with a 95.0% bias corrected bootstrap confidence interval (5,000 bootstraps resampling). Results: Quality of life had a negative correlation with occupational stress and menopausal symptoms, while there was a positive correlation between occupational stress and menopausal symptoms. Menopausal symptoms showed a direct effect on quality of life through occupational stress as a mediating variable. Conclusion: These results suggest that menopausal symptoms should be considered when developing interventions to improve quality of life through occupational stress control of middle-aged working women

Purpose: This descriptive research study aimed to identify the effect of the health literacy and self-efficacy on the quality of care service of home visitor care workers. Methods: The participants were 124 home visitor care workers who had worked for more than six months at one of the five home-based welfare centers located in D metropolitan city. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS program. Results: The quality of care service differed significantly by age (F=-1.03, p<.001), career (F=5.09, p=.002), and education status (F=9.57, p<.001). A statistically significant positive relationship was observed between the quality of care service and self-efficacy (r=.63, p<.001). A total of 55.3% of the variance of quality of care service was explained by age and self-efficacy. Conclusion: Based on the results, it is necessary to develop and prepare programs that can increase the self-efficacy of home visitor care workers through a nursing approach to improve the quality of life of elderly.

Purpose: The study examined the effects of knowledge, attitude, and confidence on the education needs of nursing students with respect to patient safety management. The participants were 119 students from nursing college. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance(ANOVA), Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS program. Results: The student's educational needs with respect to patient safety management differed significantly by experience of patient safety accidents (p=.026) and experience of reporting medical errors (p<.001). Additionally, the educational needs with respect to patient safety management were found to have statistically significant positive relationships with both attitude (r=.39) and confidence (r=.37). Further, a total of 23% of the education needs with regard to patient safety management were explained by attitude and confidence. Conclusion: These results can be used to develop nursing students' education programs to enhance patient safety management competence be emphasizing the experience of patient safety accidents and reporting medical errors as well as improving the attitude and confidence of the students.

Purpose: This study aims to compare and analysis job stress, patient safety culture, and patient safety management activities of nurses in comprehensive nursing care service wards and general wards. Methods: Through an online survey conducted on nurses with more than three months of working experience at five general hospitals in the metropolitan area, 156 participants's data were used for 𝜒²-test, t-test, ANOVA using SPSS ver. 26.0. Result: There were no significant differences in the nurses' job stress and patient safety management activities between the comprehensive nursing care service wards and general wards. However, the patient safety culture of nurses in the comprehensive nursing care service ward was significantly lower than that of general ward. Conclusion: Patient safety culture should be promoted through continuous regular patient safety education, training, and organizational support to increase patient safety management activities. Additionally, institutional programs should be prepared to reduce job stress of nurses at the frontline of patient safety.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the influence of family support and death preparation on the quality of life in home care hospice patients. Methods: The study recruited 117 patients in home care hospice in four general tertiary hospitals and three general hospitals in three cities. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires from September 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020 and analyzed using the statistical package IBM SPSS software version 22.0. Results: The quality of life according to the participants' general characteristics of the subjects shows a statistically significant difference between patients who live with supporters and those who do not(Z=2.96, p=.003). A statistically significant correlation was found between predictors such as family support, death preparation, and quality of life. Family support and death preparation affect the quality of life in home care hospice patients and these variables could explain 33.7% of it. Conclusion: To improve the quality of life in home care hospice patients, we should develop an intervention to enhance family support and death preparation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide patient-centered nursing by comparing the patient needs, patient satisfaction, and communication type of nurses for patients admitted to integrated nursing care service ward and general ward. Methods: Data were collected by self-report questionnaires between September 7 and October 9, 2021. Patients were patients recruited from a hospital in D city, 100 each from comprehensive nursing care service ward and general ward. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, 𝜒²-test, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation. Results: There was no significant difference in patient needs between the patients of integrated nursing care service ward and the general ward (t=-1.12, p=.263). However, patient satisfaction was higher among the patients in integrated nursing care service ward than in the general ward (t=-3.55, p<.001). Pertaining to the communication type of nurses, the informational communication type (t=-4.02, p<.001) and the friendly communication type (t=-3.92, p<.001) were stronger in the integrated nursing care service ward than the general ward. It was, hence, confirmed that the educational requirements were positively correlated with patient satisfaction in the reliability domain and technical-professional domain, and that the nurse informational communication type and friendly communication type had a significantly positive correlation with patient satisfaction. Conclusion: The expansion of the integrated nursing care service ward may be considered in the future, with an informational and friendly communication method as an effective response that can be adapted in practice as a reflection the type of communication among nurses.