The purpose of this study is to investigate the consumers' characteristics in terms of information source usage and purchase channel choice focusing on apparel purchasers in the multichannel retailing environment. The specific research objects are as follows: analyzing consumer's information source usage and purchase channel choice when buying their own clothing, examining the differences of consumers' characteristics according to the groups who are classified by their information source usages, and examining the differences of consumers' characteristics according to the purchase channel choice. The data was collected from adults over 20 years of age who had bought their own clothing within the last year. The questionnaire was carried out during September 2019, using a professional internet research panel, and 490 useful data sets were analyzed by utilizing descriptive statistics, factor analysis, reliability analysis, chi-squared test, ANOVA and a Duncan-test using SPSS 21.0. The findings showed that there were also significant differences of consumers' characteristics which included age, gender, monthly clothing expenditure, purchase price, shopping value and perceived risk according to the consumer's information source usage and their purchase channel choice.

This study investigated the annual frequency and clothing type by extracting puff sleeves designs from overseas fashion collections from S/S and F/W 2017 to S/S and F/W 2019. Specifically, it analyzed production characteristics and pattern methods by the type of puff sleeve design, and found the following: In terms of the percentage of puff sleeves by season, S/S 2019 was the highest. Since Newtro, with a 1990s sensitivity, was the mainstream trend during the S/S 2019, power puff sleeves, a signature of the Newtro style, accounted for the greatest portion of this design feature. In terms of the type of clothes with puff sleeves, 'dress' (54.3%) was the highest, followed by 'shirts/blouse' (27.5%), 'jacket/coat' (12.5%), and 'padded coat/jacket' (5.7%). Specifically, puff sleeve patterns were found mostly in the 'dress' category, more than 47% every season, while the figures were more than 23%, 9.3%, and 2.6% in 'shirts/blouse', 'jacket/coat' and 'padded coat/jacket', respectively. In other words, puff sleeve designs were more common in 'dress' or 'shirts/blouse' than in a 'padded coat/jacket'. In general, the shoulder length is reduced to prevent the shoulders from looking broader because of puffs. In contrast, recent puff-sleeve styles differ from those introduced by modern fashion designers in that they have drop shoulders with puffs attached. Furthermore, as constructive and over-exaggerated sleeve patterns appeared, puffs were applied to diverse sleeve styles including mutton leg and Mameluke styles. The analysis results of this study will contribute to the development of the fashion industry through small quantity batch production pursuing unique styles and serve as the basis for further studies on the configuration methods of puff sleeves. This study will be used in various ways, including as educational material on sleeve patterns. Through the analysis of sleeve patterns, this study tries to provide basic data for planning the design of puff sleeves and helping to diversify the ladies' apparel market in the future.

This study investigated the luxury supply chain management called 'See now, Buy now'. This has been a new way of controlling the supply and demand for luxury brands in the fashion industry since 2016. In this study, we explored the backgrounds and impacts of 'See now, Buy now' in the digital era. 'See now, Buy now' was launched by the fashion brand, Burberry in February 2016. It was the first luxury brand to showcase its entire collection using 'See now, Buy now' among the brands which showcase in Paris, Milan, New York, and London fashion weeks. That has not only caused many controversies in the fashion world but also generated followers. In this study, we analyzed 'See now, Buy now' in three aspects, economics, efficiency, and management strategy, and this was done through a literature survey on articles pertaining to 'See now, Buy now' and empirical surveys on Burberry's collections. Based on 'See now, Buy now', Burberry tried a new process of supply and sale. In the era of SNS, the spread of information is getting faster. The speed of SNS and changes in the fashion market combining IT and mobile technology are major changes faced by the fashion industry. 'See now, Buy now', a model of the new supply and demand in luxury fashion brands, should be noted as a new directional aspect for the future of the fashion industry. Since it was a relatively recent trend that started from the September show of Burberry in 2016, there was still a lack of academic discussion or prior research on this phenomenon. Therefore this study aimed to predict future directions by recognizing the importance of 'See now, Buy now' in the fashion industry. Also, based on this research, the significance of this study was to present a management strategy that applies 'See now, Buy now' to the future of the fashion industry in the digital era.

The purpose of this study was to clarify that the effect of consumer's perception of nail store attributes has on intent to revisit (focus on independent stores) by performing quantitative research. The importance of nail stores is increasing with sales amounts and the number of workers, however, previous research in this area is not complete. The reason that this qualitative research should be done before the quantitative research is due to the scant theoretical background in this matter. As the nail market is steadily increasing, determining the factors to make a successful and influential store leading to revisits is very meaningful both academically and in business. For the quantitative study, consumers from 20 years old to less 60 years old who had purchased nail service at independent nail stores were included in the survey. Quota sampling was adopted in the areas where the independent nail stores were located from May 10th to May 30th, 2019, and 262 questionnaires were collected, and those containing insincere respondences were excluded. The most important nail store attribute was reliability (store name value, relationship with workers and A/S) and then the physical environment, economics, product, and promptness. The result depended on demographic factors- younger and lower-income respondents put a premium on the physical environment, promptness, and economics, on the other hand, older and higher-income respondents placed a priority on reliability. The correlation analysis result is that all store attributes (reliability, physical environment, economics, promptness, product) show a statistical significance. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the effects of nail store attribute importance on revisit intention. Promptness, economics, and the physical environment have a statistically significant effect on the consumer's revisit intention.

This study aims to explore whether the consumers' perceptions of fashion social enterprises' motives for seeking social value affects the consumers' purchase behavior. Specifically, the relationships among the egoistic and strategic driven attribution (ESDA), value-driven attribution (VDA), positive authenticity (PA), negative authenticity (NA), anticipated satisfaction (ANS), and willingness to pay a premium price (WPP) were examined. 151 respondents participated in an online survey. The collected data was analyzed using path analysis. The results revealed that PA, which was positively affected by VDA, was negatively affected by ESDA. However, NA, which was positively affected by ESDA, was negatively affected by VDA. In addition, ANS affecting WPP was influenced by both VDA and PA. In conclusion, this study clearly shows that prioritizing the inherent purposes of social enterprises can lead to more consumers buying products, even though social enterprises set fashion products at higher prices.

The purpose of this study was to study the beauty-coordination characteristics of Genderless fashion, which is emerging as a new trend by analyzing the trend in the latest collection and classify the resulting expression characteristics of make-up. Methods and scope of the study were based on collections published in the 2020 S/S season and 35 out of 84 designers with design elements were selected to analyze the garments most likely to be genderless. The characteristics of the expression of the genderless derived through this analysis were classified into compromise, androgyny, sensuality, exaggeration, enjoyment, and historicity. Compromise was the highest, and the lowest was for enjoyment of the classifications. The designer's work according to the characteristics of each expression shows that the pieces by Saint Laurent were the highest in compromise, sensuality, and historicity, and the pieces by Maison Margiela were the highest in androgyny while Balenciaga was the highest in exaggeration and enjoyment. Compromise represented a mixture of discord, such as incongruous bonding and coloring of heterogeneous materials, and androgyny led to the use of silhouettes and colors, with sensuality utilizing see-through material and incision lines allowing for physical exposure. Exaggeration intentionally destroyed the existing concept by breaking the overall balance of the human body through the enlargement of certain parts of the body, while enjoyment showed unexpectedness by destroying the line and sides of the garment. Lastly, historicity was analyzed for its retro design that transcends time and space with regional cultural and period characteristics.

This study investigates critical fashion and discusses its critical messages, as it challenges the existing system of the fashion industry. This study reviews the literature on critical art and critical design and analyzes exhibition catalogs, magazines, and websites related to critical fashion practices. Thereupon, this study assumes the two distinctive messages of critical fashion design: materiality and experience, and the redefinition of the ideal body. First, materiality and experience pursues a change in perceptions of clothing materials by way of deconstructing clothes and exposing the process of production. This type of critical fashion breaks away from the traditional sartorial conventions and articulates new structures and experiences through dematerialization. Second, the redefinition of the ideal human body attempts to subvert the stereotypes of ideal beauty and introduce a variety of beauty in the human body. This type of critical design reconstructs the human body through transformation, expansion, and deconstruction and is often liberated from the dichotomy of gender norms.

This study examined the relationship between job stress, burnout, and job satisfaction perceived by 185 beauty workers. Analysis and structural model analyses were conducted to derive the main results. The results are summarized and presented as follows. First, the job stress perceived by beauty workers has a statistically significant positive effect on burnout. Second, job stress perceived by beauty workers has a statistically significant negative effect on job satisfaction. Third, burnout felt by beauty workers has a statistically significant negative effect on job satisfaction. Through the above results, job stress and burnout should be lowered in order to increase the job satisfaction of beauty workers, and in particular, job stress must effectively be lowered in consideration of the fact that job stress is a determinant that increases burnout and reduces job satisfaction. A method must be discovered to achieve this end.

The purpose of this study is to analyze changes in high-tech fashion along with the types and characteristics of high-tech fashion that have appeared recently providing diverse material for the fashion field. High-tech fashion requires such research to learn how much distance one has in one's life. It is also meaningful to predict what direction high-tech fashion research may be needed. For research methods, previous research and literary studies were considered and photographs in which high-tech techniques were used were collected using the keyword 'high-tech fashion'. High-tech fashion types can be organized into the four types of luminescent types, mutual interaction types, 3D printing fashion, and virtual fashion. The research results were as follows. First, luminescent fashion was an important expression method of high-tech fashion. Materials for luminescent fashion first started with LED electric wire connections and many methods have been attempted with the appearance of electrically conductive clothing material, such as luminescent lasers and beam projectors. Second, interactive high-tech fashion often appears as variable fashion. The work of Hussein Chalayan, which was combined with advanced technology, set up a base for variable type interactive high-tech fashion in the 2000s. As bioengineering technology has developed, fashion that interacts with the environment without an energy source has appeared and the interaction among fashion, people, and the environment can be seen. Third, diverse forms of expressiveness in virtual reality such as 3D CLO shows a great difference with past high-tech fashion. Simple and diverse attempts made through virtual fittings reduce the limitations of time and space, permit interaction, and add a sense of reality through speed and dynamic physical beauty. Fourth, 3D printed fashion expresses complex and detailed clothing material that is different from those before with the development of computer 3D modeling technology. Modeling that can imitate geometric and bio-engineered structures is possible and mysterious feelings are passed on to people through creative expressions.

The purpose of this study is to identify the perception of New-Hanbok Skirts that female consumers have and to analyze the design preference based on the analysis of designs of skirt products currently in distribution. Based on the analysis of the New-Hanbok brand website, the research was conducted through a survey of 355 women in their 20s and older. The survey consisted of 24 questions which were divided into pattern, color, material, and recognition type questions. The research results are as follows. First, most adult women answered that a New-Hanbok skirt is appropriate to wear at a holiday, anniversary, or outer dress for the spring and autumn seasons, and the design is the most important thing when considering buying. However, the ratios of wearing experience and possession were very low. Second, the preferred design aspects of a New-Hanbok skirt were the Jarak-skirt or Deot-skirt, calf-length, 5cm width of the waistband, 3cm uniform crease, a normal length waistband, bright neutral colors, and a waistband in different colors. For the double skirt, the design that shows 4cm of lining fabric and the different colors of upper fabric was the most preferred. The most preferred material was plain cotton. On the other hand, small floral patterns were preferred for patterned materials, and opaque upper fabric was most preferred for the double skirt. Through this study, it was confirmed that the Hanbok is seen as a positive aspect for modern consumers.

In this study, the pattern of texture was developed by applying the pattern shown in the Amita Yeoraebul and the Avalokitesvara with symbolism suitable for children's clothing. In addition, the design and the manufacturing of a children's wearable Hanbok were attempted, and the results are as follows: Amitha Yeoraebul is a Buddha who oversees paradise in Buddhism, and Avalokitesvara controls both paradise and the real world and provides mercy. Applying the various patterns in the Buddhist paintings, four daily hanboks for children were produced using patterns featuring symbolic the meanings of large round original patterns chrysanthemums, turtles, and lotus patterns. The lotus symbol represents love, nobility, and wealth, while the turtle symbol represents longevity, the chrysanthemum pattern symbolizes auspiciousness, and the large round original pattern means a constant continuation. To maintain the traditional hanbok form but allow convenient wear it in daily life, it is made in the jeogori + shorts, vest + long pants, and one-piece + jacket style. Currently, the daily dress of Hanbok and the modernization of traditional Korean clothes are being promoted. At this point, the study developed Hanbok fashion products that contain symbolic stories suitable for children are trying to maintain the image of traditional culture as much as possible.

The purpose of this study is to present the use of traditional culture and the direction of various fashion designs by developing and producing contemporary fashion designs on the Muslim costumes of the Chinese Hui minority. Based on research methods, the cultural background was investigated and the design characteristics were summarized. Based on the results of this survey, 4 sets of women's fashion were designed. The design intent was to feature Muslim traditional costumes and to adopt a functional contemporary design. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, simple and indecisive clothing shows the innocent and good side of the congregation. In this study, traditional dresses were used to make use of the simple silhouette and color, and to create a contemporary atmosphere, various materials, such as wool, glossy industrial complex, lace, and fur were used to create a modern sense design by adding diversity to the simple silhouette. Second, the biggest feature of the regimented Muslim costume focuses on a head cover and suggests a contemporary sense of hood improvement, and a design that can be used with two sides. These hooded head covers can provide fashion and diversity and can be proposed as functional. Third, contemporary Muslim fashion is gaining global attention and it is possible to develop various fashion designs based on traditional motifs. This study was able to increase the feminine image by changing the solemnity of the communal dress without discarding the foundation of the traditional religious culture based on the daily dress of the people.