Clothing design is one of design products for human, the end user and corresponds to artifacts. Sometimes artifacts with one mono module exist, and so does artifacts assembled and combined with multi modules of same shape and size or various shapes and sizes and thus all design products can be understood by modularity concept. The purpose of this study was to make a new suggestion for the clothing design and production of high uniqueness and creativity by reviewing and synthesizing the foundation of clothing modularity concept as the original clothing design figures from the history have shown various modularity concept evolution from mono module to multi module stages. The methods of this study were to identify clothing modularity and analyze the type, evolving direction, and category of clothing modularity, and the value of clothing modularization design through comprehensive literature reviews on topic-related books and theses. The original clothing figures with Significance from the clothing history were analyzed in evolution sequence for application direction and value of clothing modularity in flat pattern. Clothing modularity in ancient clothing figures was classified as three types of the fixed, drapery, and straight lined in evolving direction from clothing of mono module to flat patterned clothing. The direction of clothing modularity was identified as mono- dual-triple-multi into another level of multi modularity after intentional devolution. The categorization of clothing modularity was identified in terms of clothing flat construction, clothing design construction, and clothing form modeling. The value of clothing modularization design using clothing modularity was identified as economical efficiency, convenience, promptitude, adaptability, functionality, and creativity.

The purpose of this study is to understand of future image in fashion for 20C, to suggest a guideline's role in the development on fashion designs study. The methods of this study are used academic literatures as well as practical study. Futuristic image in fashion is to introduce about the future period, as fashion goes ahead times. Trends and formative characteristics of future image in 20C fashion are summarized as follows. First, futuristic images in fashion for 20C had emerged strongly futurism, space look, kinetic look, glitter look, techno look, cyber look. Second, perspectives on response for future society's changes are summarized as follows. Attitude of futuristic images of fashion, futurism, space look, kinetic look and glitter look, had been favorable about future society's changes until 1980. In 1990, techno look had been defensive and cyber look had been aggressive about future society's changes. Third, formative characteristics of future image in 20C fashion are studied shape, material, color, pattern. Shape was preferred linear and geometric form in the first half of the 20C, but body conscious type had appeared often in the second half of 20C. Material maintained the luster or the metal touch. Color was based image of colorless and preferred the gold, silver or color feels like metal. Pattern was preferred clarity with geometric type in the first half of the 20C. On the other hand in the second half of 20C pattern of future image was dominated by vague and abstract chaotic type.

Korean traditional wedding ceremony was conducted with some regular procedure and there were used some Gyubang crafts for wedding ceremony. But perhaps there has not been systematic information about them. Nowadays there is common the western style wedding ceremony instead of traditional style in Korea. So the decrease in the use of them have being appeared. Purposes of this study are to organize the resources about them systematically data of Gyubang crafts used traditional wedding ceremony, and to investigate characteristics of them for propose some idea of application them in the life of today. The results are as follows : Gyubang crafts used traditional wedding ceremony can be separated roughly into four types in use : wrapping clothes, cloth bags, ornaments and items related to sewing. They were apt to be traditionality, symbolic meaning and shamanism, and were superior in aesthetic sense, the effect of decoration and technical skill than other Gyubang crafts. There'll be some follow-up studies on ideas for preserving and appling in modern life.

The purposes of this study were to investigate the differences of self-efficacy and appearance management behavior according to demographic variables, to disclose the relationship between self-efficacy and appearance management behavior, and to examine the characteristics that affect appearance management behavior of male and female college students. The research method was a survey method using a questionnaire. The subjects were 632 college students (male: 302, female: 330) living in Seoul area. Statistical analysis methods were factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$-reliability coefficient, t-test, ${\chi}^2$-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. The self-efficacy factor derived four categories including self-control efficacy, social self-efficacy, physical self-efficacy, and task difficulty preference. The college students who were in higher social stratification and older had more appearance management behavior, and those who had lower task difficulty preference and lower physical self-efficacy had more plastic surgery management. Both men and women who had higher self-control efficacy had more clothing management. Women who had higher self-control efficacy, social self-efficacy, and task difficulty preference had more appearance management expenses.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between well-being lifestyles and herbal cosmetics benefits sought of female consumers. The data were collected from 301 women living in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Gwangju, Busan, and Gyeongnam province in June, 2011. Statistical methods including frequency, F-test, t-test, Duncan test, factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, correlation coefficient, and multiple regression were used for this study. The results of this study were as follows.: The well-being lifestyles were composed of five factors, 'health pursuit activity', 'eco-friendly product interest', 'eco-friendly dietary', 'eco-friendly clothing', and 'eco-friendly housing'. The herbal cosmetics benefits sought were composed of seven factors, 'special function pursuit', 'skin 'fitness pursuit', 'brand pursuit', 'nutritional reinforcement pursuit', 'economy pursuit', 'fragrance pursuit', and 'scarcity pursuit'. The well-being lifestyles and herbal cosmetics benefits sought according to female consumers's demographic characteristics showed a difference. Female consumers's well-being lifestyles showed that correlation with the herbal cosmetics benefits sought. Female consumers's well-being lifestyles had a influence on their herbal cosmetics benefits sought. The study results are highly expected to be used as valuable sources in marketing strategies for herbal cosmetic industries.

The purpose of this study was to find factors affecting satisfaction and intention to re-purchase fashion goods through social commerce. A questionnaire method was applied for 123 women aged from twenties to thirties, with buying experience in fashion goods through social commerce. Independent variables were service quality, fashion shopping orientation, and demographics. Factor analyses and multiple regression methods were used to analyze data. Factor analyses resulted in two factors for service quality and resulted in four factors for fashion shopping orientation. The results of multiple regression analyses showed that convenience & benefits and site layout factors of the service quality had significant impacts on satisfaction in fashion social commerce. Those two service quality factors, demographics like job, and satisfaction were shown significantly important to predict intention to re-purchase fashion goods on social commerce service. Intention to re-purchase was best explained in the model with satisfaction as an independent variable. Meanwhile, shopping orientation factors were not important in any model.

This study aims at measuring and comparing the joint range of motion(ROM) of the elderly, quantitatively understanding the joint ROM and duration for their dressing and undressing of pants with 3D motion analysis equipment, and thereby providing basic data necessary for the future development of clothes carrying functional designs. The findings are as follows. As for the study method, the 9-item joint ROM measurements were conducted with goniometer, and the questionnaire analyses were carried out for t-test, ANOVA, and regression analysis with spss12.0 program. The 3D motion analyses were handled with 3D Motion Analysis Package Version 3.1 Program. The findings are as follows. First, the ROM was shown to be significantly low, as the arthritis-pain consciousness level was felt higher by the subject than the average one. Seven ROM variables, such as hip flexion, hip adduction, hip internal rotation, hip external rotation, knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion, and ankle plantar flexion, were shown to significantly affect the discomfort level experienced at the time of dressing or undressing. Second, in the motion of inserting the remaining leg into the pant crotch part(3e), the difference of angles in the hip joint and knee joint was the largest between the women in their 20s and the elderly women with arthritis. Third.

The purpose of this research is to compare the body proportion of the Mongolian and Korean men and women in their 20' s by comparing the characteristics of the body type that uses the body indexes, in order to provide the base data for the increased fit of the apparels. The results are as follows. 1) Histogram of the Rohrer' s Index for the Mongolian men and women in their 20s was examined. the Mongolian men, normal body type took up 48.0% while small body type comprised 50.0% and obese body type comprised 2.0%. the Mongolian women, normal body type comprised 61.5%, small body type comprised 22.1% and obese body type comprised 16.4%. 2) The body proportion of Korean men has 1:1.62 with upper body and low body part on a waist basis, and Mongolian men has 1:1.65. Thus Mongolian men has longer pan of lower body than Korean men. 3) Mongolian women has longer part of lower body and has higher rates of hip height, crotch height, knee height than Korean women. Mongolian women has high rate of hip line and calf length. 4) As a result comparison using the body index of Mongolian and Korean women (bust thickness/ bust width, waist thickness / waist width, hip thickness / hip width, when regarding the height as 100 ), it was found that Mongolian women are flatter than korean women.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences of visual image on variations in the length and princess line, in a silhouette of a one-piece dress with the application of the 3D Virtual Clothing System known as i-designer. Eight sample were examined: 2 variations of the length and 2 variations of the princess line, 2 variations of the form of a silhouette. The data was obtained from 66 fashion design majors. The data was assessed by a t-test and a multi-way ANOVA and factor analysis. The results were as follows; The visual image according to the design variables, four factors were selected; the attractiveness factor, the activeness factor, the practicality factor, the elegance factor. In these factors, the attractiveness factor is estimated by the most important factor. As a result of analyzing the effect of the interaction in the visual image according to the design variables, the influence of the main effect was found to be great in each factor. In the activeness factor, a significant difference was noted in the two-way interaction between the length and the princess line, the length and the silhouette. In the elegance factor, a significant difference was noted in the two-way interaction between the length and the silhouette. However, the influence on three-way interaction among the length, the princess line, and the silhouette was not significant.

This study aims to understand the evaluation of importance, satisfaction and repurchase intention after dividing the attributes of environment-friendly fashion product in details. Out of 400 surveys, 328 were used in the final analysis of this study, with 113 respondents having experience of buying Environment-friendly fashion products. The analysis of this study is done by SPSS 18.0(ver.). Through the literature review, the objective attributes were subdivided into seven factors, including brand, environment-friendly materials, quality, environment-friendliness when using/managing, environment-friendliness when discarding, color/pattern, and environment-friendly design. Though an empirical study, the subjective attributes were subdivided into three factors, including innovation/individuality, practicality, and dignity/popularity. In the analysis results of the importance of the attributes of environment-friendly fashion products, it was shown that it was considered as importance as above average. The effect of the satisfaction of the objective attributes on the repurchase intention was measured. In the results, the regression model was significant while it was understood that the satisfaction of environment-friendly materials, environment-friendliness when discarding, color/pattern and environment-friendly design had positive effect on the repurchase intention. The effect of the satisfaction of the subjective attributes of environment-friendly fashion products on the repurchase intention was measured. In the results, dignity/popularity and innovation/individuality factors had positive effect on the repurchase intention.

In an effort to investigate the overall trends of knit fabrics in fashion trends books, this study analyzed the components(fabric, yarn, gauge, thickness, knitting structure, pattern, dyeing and finishing) of knit fabrics in fashion trends books by the years and seasons from the S/S season of 2002 to the F/W season of 2011. Analyzed in the study were total 883 knit fabrics including the knit samples in Nelly Rodi Knitwear and Promostyl Fabrics. Collected data were put to frequency analysis with SPSS 12.0. Group mean analysis was also performed for thickness. The research results were as follows: As for knit fabrics in fashion trend books by the years and seasons, knit fabrics were most used in 2004 with similar frequency of knit fabrics among the seasons. As for fabric composition of knit fabrics, the uses of blend fabrics were considerably prominent both in S/S and F/W seasons and recorded the highest level in the S/S season of 2003 and the F/W season of 2002. As for gauge composition of knit fabrics, S/S seasons saw the most uses of fine G of 20G or higher, while F/W seasons saw the many uses of 12G-18G, which showed the highest frequency in 2002. As for knitting structure of knit fabrics, the plain stitch was used most both in S/S and F/W seasons and recorded the highest level in the S/S season of 2011 and the F/W season of 2007. As for pattern of knit fabrics, stripes and solid patterns were used most regardless of seasons. As for dyeing and finishing of knit fabrics, non-processed fabrics were used most, recording high frequency in the early 2000s.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the style of wide pants shown in collections from 2008 to 2011 and to extract main expressional words for the development of semantic differential scales of visual images according to the change in silhouette of wide pants. The results of this study are as follows: 1) The wide pants which women wore in the 1970s were similar to men's. The aesthetic values for the wide pants included the social women's requests of the time. On the other hand, new wide pants shown in the current collections have diversified by adding designers' will to express contemporary women's tastes and fashion senses. 2) 742 wide pants shown in collections were composed of 459 straight, 147 bell-bottom and 136 flared pants. The design differs according to changes in the waist position and width of the wide pants. 3) Main expressional words of visual images for wide pants differ greatly depending on the silhouette of wide pants. The visual images are ranked in the order of 'showed that legs are long', 'looked taller', 'neat', 'relaxed', 'retro', 'modern' for straight pants. The words of 'retro', 'countrified', 'legs seemed to be long', 'enough' 'confident' 'looked like thighs that are slim' are ranked for bell-bottom pants. And the words of 'plentiful' 'loose', 'enough', 'retro' 'uncomfortable', 'relaxed', 'countrified' are marked down for flared pants.

The aim of this study is to serve as a stepping stone to outlook changes in men's fashion based on gender characteristics and the design proposal as a reference to shirts design for men's wear brands. This study is a theoretical work extracted from related books, dissertations, and web- resources referenced. Research method is as followed. It is based on the four main collections from S/S 2001 to S/S 2010 and selected designer brands among the most influential foreign men's fashion designer brands which have show cased their collections of 19 seasons in the last 10 years. These are what the study has found out. Firstly, the shoulder-line which used to be straight and hard in men's dress shirt has changed to comfortable curved line which falls from the shoulder to sleeve. Silhouettes were mainly shaped to an hourglass or slim silhouette representing the body curve line. Unlike how the masculine beauty was emphasized through the straight line, men's dress shirts nowadays used curved line for softness. Secondly, there were various designs with decorations added to the basic structure, making it no different from women's blouse and blurring the line between men's and women's fashion. Thirdly, colors were normally in bright ones. Tones were often in pale tone which used to be the women's color. Also choosing shades of yellow or red was a remarkable change in men's wear. Fourthly, through varying patterns and texture there were many shirts that gave clear visual effect. There were approximately equal portions of patterns with feminine image like natural patterns, abstract patterns, or small patterns and patterns with masculine image.

This research attempted to examine whether there were differences in preference for the shoes according to fashion lifestyle and age by conducting survey on 200 women of 20s and 40s among the adult women who were expected to have interest in not only functionality but also aesthetic aspects of shoes. First, the results of comparing the preferences according to fashion lifestyles showed that those who pursued practical group preferred loafer, strap shoes, and baggy boots, indicating that they preferred low and comfortable shape of shoes which are easy to put on/take off and easy to coordinate with any clothes. Those who pursued personality group and ostentation group were more sensitive to fashion than practical group preferred high heel shoes, which could express their own personality, it would be great to have various designs by reflecting the trendy materials and details focusing on pumps, strap and walker boots which can express individuality and supplement the body shape and height as matching to the trendy clothes. Second, as women in 20s have tendency to show more preference of a certain trendy shoes shape than women in 40s, the shoes designs for 20s should focus on certain types of shoes preferred by them by varying materials and details, rather than having various designs. However, it would be great to show various designs for the shoes for 40s. Most of the 20s are the individual and complex fashion-seeking types while the 40s have the most of practical fashion-seeking type and the least of individual fashion-seeking type.

This study aims to find out the influential factors and the relative power of these factors on the clothing purchase decision in internet shopping mall. For this purpose, this study surveyed 500 male and female consumers in their 20's~40's for empirical analysis who have ever purchased clothing through internet shopping malls. Respondents are selected using the convenience sampling through internet survey in August 2011. For statistical analysis descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, factor analysis and regression analysis are carried out using SPSS for Windows 12.0. The results are as follows. First, purchase decision is significantly affected by the expressional/physical properties of the product and product pictures. Second, purchase decision is significantly affected by the usefulness of shopping mall and the importance of purchase. Third, in consumer related factors, product value awareness, reliability of shopping mall, clothing involvement, psychological/economical perceived risks and age affect purchase decision. Fourth, in the regression analysis of the above significant variables on purchase decision, the order of power of these influential factors is expressional/physical properties of product, the importance of purchase, product picture, age and clothing involvement. The results of this study will help internet fashion enterprises to handle the variables of product, shopping mall, and consumer related for enhancing the purchase rate.

$21^{st}$ century customer is voluntary actor, who has hegemony of communication based on digital surrounding. They are co-creator dismantling boundary between production and spending, and digital homonarrance of digital storyteller acting on the emotion. What is more, they prove the utility of 5 sense, value, experience, and story in market. 20th century Me generation is changing into We generation, who overcomes a sense of alienation and aim at smart life style for harmonious symbiosis with earth environments. Customer cultural trends are as follow as that 1) personalization of taste and experience, 2) spreading and sharing about personal use and experience, 3) consumption centered the value, 4) retreat and healthcare, 5) counter trend comes into the reaction about the forceful major trend. Contemporary customer changes essence of the life on the ground of emotion, symbol, image, and value not a commodity, function, and logos, and demands into change about direction of business to mostly enterprises. Customer's need and desire are on the increase as various emotion and value. Therefore, change of customer cultural trend is barometers for the growth and development of new fashion industry in $21^{st}$ century.

This study aims to analyze the influences of LOHAS cuticle management, which based on LOHAS consciousness among customers using nail art shops and removes only Cuticle layer without Eponychium, on the preference and expected value of service quality. Further, it tackles how above related variables have important bearing on reuse intention. A survey was conducted only with customers over the age of 20 in Seoul, Daejeon and Daegu areas in terms of LOHAS consciousness. For the collected 389 data, frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were carried out by using SPSS 18.0 Version statistical package. The results are as follows. First, according to the results, it shows high positive correlation between LOHAS cuticle management based on the consciousness of LOHAS, and LOHAS cuticle management preference, tendency and willingness to transfer toward it. Second. it is proven that LOHAS consciousness tend to be possessed in older age groups, married and a professional employee layers and this LOHAS motivated groups showed high LOHAS cuticle management preference, inclination and intention of a change in management. Lastly, the reuse intention is mostly affected by experience and preference of LOHAS cuticle management. There is negative correlation between reuse intention and experience in blooding and pain during care service. Higher interest in preference of LOHAS cuticle management has highly influenced positive link with the repurchase intention.