The purpose of this study is concerned with identification of floral type of commercially available honeys and pollen loads. Ikuse's technique was applied to identify the pollen species of honey and pollen loads. Among six kinds of commercially available honeys in Taegu, Korea i.e. Robinia Honey, Brassica Honey, Castanea Honey, Rhododendron Honey, Lespedeza Honey and Multipant Honey, all honeys contained pollens, which were coincident with their trade names given by the apirists, except Lespedeza Honey. The trade name of imported honeys were not given by the plant, from which pollen material and nectar were collected. Among four kinds of these products, pollen was not identified in Clover Honey. A spectrum of honey products added by pollen loads was, of course, wider than simple honey products. The pollen load showed spectrum of pollens including not only those which are specialized for wind pollination, eq. Pinus species and Gramineae, but also contained for insect pollination, eq. rose and leguminous plants.

From the BuOH extract of Pseudostellaria palibiniana Ohwi (Caryophyllaceae), isovitexin, m.p. $220{\sim}222^{\circ}$, $[{\alpha}]^{20}_D+16^{\circ}$ (c=0.34, EtOH) was isolated and its structure elucidated on the basis of its spectral data.

Aucubin, an iridoid glucoside which was previously reported to exhibit liver-protective activities against $CCl_4$ and ${\alpha}-amanitin$ induced liver damages, was subject to toxicological studies. To measure the lethal dose, the doses of 100mg/kg, 300mg/kg, 600mg/kg and 900mg/kg were administered intraperitoneally to experimental mice. No death was observed 24 hrs later, but serum GOT and alkaline phosphatase activities were deceased slightly at the doses of 300mg to 900mg/kg, and the triglyceride contents were slightly increased. To investigate acute toxicity of aucubin itself, multiple dosages(20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg for four times a week) were injected intraperitoneally into mice, then serum enzymes activities and chemistries were assayed; no significant change of the enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase, GPT, GOT in the test groups were observed in comparison with those of the control group, and the contents of triglyceride, glucose, urea nitrogen and total proteins in the test group serums appeared to be almost same levels as those of the control group were. Histological examiation on liver biopsy samples indicated no gross changes between the control group and the test group were noted. Therefore, aucubin appears to be apparently low toxic substance and its minimum lethal dose in mouse seems to be more than 0.9 g.

As many crude drugs are used in the oriental medical field problems on the side effects of these drugs come to the front. To conduct delayed-type hypersensitivity we selected 29 kinds of drugs used frequently for therapeutic agents in oriental medical hospitals (Table I). The cell-mediated immune response was evaluated by measuring the foot pad swelling reaction and humoral immune response by measuring the antibody formation to these crude drugs. Mice were given these drugs intraperioneally for sensitization and challenged with same drug as used for sensitization respectively by intral dermal injection on the left and righ hind foot pad 4 days after senstization and then the foot pads were measured with the dial micrometer. The results were as follow; 1) Gentianae Scabrae Radix, Arecae Semen, Corydalis Tuber, and Paeoniae Radix were significant as delayed-type hypersensitivity inducers. 2) None of the crude drugs tested had effect on the induction of humoral immune response.

Experimental studies were made to evaluate clinical efficacy and validate Oriental medicine description of 'Banhabaikchulchenma-Tang' which has been used for controlling of headache, heartburn and giddiness, etc. The results of these studies were as follows; 1) Suppressive actions were not shown on convulsion due to spine and diencephatic causes. 2) Analgesic action was recognized in mice and rats. 3) Sedative actions due to prolongation of hypnosis time, muscle relaxation and decreasing locomotive function were noted. 4) Relaxing action was noted in the ileum of mice, also antagonistic antispasmodic action was recognized on contraction of the ileum induced by acteylcholine and $BaCl_2$. In connection with results of these studies, efficacy based on the Oriental medical reference were consistant with actual experimental results. It is considered that 'Banhabaikchulchenma-Tang' has the therapeutic effect on the headache and giddiness, etc.

Studies were undertaken to develop for the anti-inflammatory analgesic activities of 'Insam-Tang' extract, which composed of four crude drugs; Ginseng Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma, and Zingiberis Rhizoma, was known to be applied in edema, convulsion, excremental blood, and cooling pain etc, in oriental herb remedies. It was exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effect on carrageenin inflammation, and preventive and therapeutic effects to chronic inflammation on Freund' complete adjuvant in rats, Especially, therapeutic effect of extract 500mg/kg was observed more effective than that of phenylbutazone 50mg/kg. Also, it was shown significant effect on leakage of dye into the peritoneal cavity and analgesic effect on squirm symptom induced by acetic acid in mice.

'Sochungryoung-Tang' has been known to be used in acute edema, bronchitis, pneumonia, nephrosis, and arthritis etc. in traditional chinese medicine. In this study, it was examined on the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. The following results were obtained; 1) In the antibacterial activities, the ethanol extract of 'Sochungryoung-Tang' showed to be more active than water extract aginst ten bacterials (Table I). Especially, antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus sp. showed the highest among the strains tested. But in the fungi, ethanol extract and water extract showed slightly significant effects (Table II). 2) The water extract showed significant anti-inflammatory effects against the rat hind paw edema induced by 1% carrageenin in the scab and carbuncle in the mice in fected by Staphylococcus aureus CUCC 74371.

To examine effects of oriental pharmaceutical preparations on immunity, four of such preparations which are currently being used were examined. After their fluid extracts were injected intraperitoneally to ICR mice, the counts of total cell number, PMN and macrophage in the peritoneal cavity were made by using non-specific esterase staining method, and plaque-forming cells (PFC) were measured by using the modified method of Cunningham and Jerne. The results showed that 'Bo-Jung-Ik-Ki-Tang', 'Ih-Jung-Tang', 'Ohn-Kyeong-Tang' and 'Ke-Ji-Bok-Ryeong-Hwan-Ka-Dae-Hwang' increased both the macrophages and the total cells of the peritoneal cavity and that these preparations increased the number of PFC in the spleen. Therefore the data indicate that they potentiate both of the cell­mediated and humoral immunities in the mice.