From the root bark of Dictamus albus (Rutaceae) five furoquinoline alkaloids, robustine, dictamine, ${\gamma}-fagarine$, skimmianine and haplopine were isolated and characterized by spectral data.

In order to search for potential antidotes for T-2 toxin poisoning, seven Chinese herbal drug extracts and five natural constituents were tested on mice intoxicated with T-2 toxin. When extracts of Panax ginseng and Atractylodes japonica (500 mg/kg) were administered p.o. once 3 hrs before and once 1 hr after T-2 toxin treatment, a 30% complete survival rate was noted. In case of Paeonia albiflora var. typica, a 30% complete survival rate was also produced at a dose of 250 mg/kg. Other extracts, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Scutellaria baicalensis, Rehmannia glutinosa and Plantago asiatica exhibited no significant protection from the T-2 toxin poisoning. A nucleoside, thymidine showed protective activity against T-2 toxin toxicity and it produced a 40% complete survival rate when administered i.p. once 0.5 hr after T-2 toxin treatment. Other natural constituents, aucubin, vitamin C and E, and lipoic acid did not show any significant protective activities.

Sixty-eight kinds of aliphatic and aromatic substances peaks from ether extract of Codonopsis pilosulae Radix were shown by GC-Mass. Of them, 3 kinds of compounds were identified as ethyl benzene, acetophenone and 1-phenyl-2-butanone, which are compared with authentic specimen, and one compound was assumed as an aliphatic $C_8H_{16}O\;or\;C_9H_{20}$.

Lipid and fatty acid compositions of free lipids and bound lipids from fresh ginseng, red ginseng and white ginseng were studied by means of silicic acid column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. Free lipid and bound lipid contents in those three samples were 1.21 to 1.45% and 0.32 to 0.45%. Neutral lipid fractions in free lipids from the samples were 76.6 to 79.7%, while glycolipid and phospholipid fractions were 11.6 to 14.7% and 8.5 to 8.7%, respectively. The major lipids were triglycerides, sterol esters and hydrocarbons, diglycerides and free sterols in neutral lipids, sterol glucoside, monogalactosyl diglyceride, esterified steryl glycoside, digalactosyl diglyceride in glycolipids and phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl inositol in phospholipids. Fourteen kinds of even numbered and four kinds of odd numbered fatty acids were identified in the four lipid fractions (TL, NL, GL and PL) by GLC, and the main fatty acids were linoleic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid and linolenic acid.

From the BuOH Fr. of the roots of Acanthopanax koreanum $N_{AKAI}$, we have isolated a lignan glucoside, mp $257{\sim}259^{\circ}$, $C_{34}H_{46}O_{18}$ and it was identified to be (-) syringaresinol diglucoside by spectral data and comparing with authentic samples.

Isomotiol $(fern-8-en-3{\beta}-ol)$ was isolated from the n-hexane fraction of Euphorbia supina Rafin. The structure of isomotiol was identified by IR, NMR, Mass spectra and compared with the authentic sample. Isomotiol was first isolated from the family of Euphorbiaceae.

Ajuga multiflora Bunge is a perennial herb in the family of Labiatae. The iridoid glycoside was isolated from the ethylacetate fraction and the n-butanol fraction of the plant. The structure of the substance was identified as 8-O-acetylharpagide by UV, IR, NMR spectra and several chemical reactions.

The water extract of Chenopodium album L. var. centrorubrum had significant diuretic effect when administered orally in rats. The effect of combined administration of the extract with furosemide was slow and prolonged as compared with furosemide.

Panax ginseng root has been widely used as an important drug for thousands years in China, Korea and Japan. The main effective components of ginseng have been believed to be saponins. However, ginseng cultivation is very difficult and needs many years for growth. It has already been shown that Panax ginseng callus produces a considerable amount of the same kinds of saponins as in intact plants. Various culture conditions were examined for increased production of ginseng saponins by cell culture. The saponin contents and the growth rates in two cell lines of ginseng callus were compared in static and suspension cultures, rotary and reciprocal shaking cultures. It was shown that the growth rate in rotary shaking cultures of D5-B2K-B2K callus was the highest and ginseng saponin production was most effective in reciprocal cultures of D5-B2K-B2K callus. The saponin content per fresh weight of the culture was 1.03 times higher than that of the fresh ginseng root.

The optimal condition for the determination of saikosaponin a and d, the major pharmacologically active saponins of the roots of Bupleurum falcatum, was studied with the conversion of these saponins into diene saponins $(saikosaponin\;b_1\;and\;b_2)$. The complete separation and quantitative analysis of these saponins were performed by the method of high performance liquid chromatography using $NH_2$ column. The conversion of saikosaponin a and d into diene saponins under gastric pH was calculated. Thirty-three percent of saikosaponin a was converted to saikosaponin $b_1$ and 63 percent of saikosaponin d was converted to saikosaponin $b_2$.