The number of organic farms are increasing in European countries during last 10 years. Most European governments are giving subsidies for organic farmers as well as converting organic farms from conventional farming method. The price level of most organic products are higher than price level of conventional products in general. However, there are certainly some market demand problems in organic products in some countries. Organic farms will be increased in 2005 and 2010 for 10∼20% of the total agricultural area in some European countries. Government subsidy payment is also increasing. Therefore, many farmers are going to change into organic farming method from conventional farming. However, there will be certainly some market demand problems in future because of national economic growth problems. At the same time, the quality of soil can be improved and status of health of urban consumers should be improved by consuming organic products.

This paper aims to provide a basic framework to make a regional plan for the environment-friendly agriculture. To prepare the regional plan is mandated by the Environment-friendly Agriculture Promotion Act of 1998. Here is proposed the input/output analysis framework, which includes the shifts of fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, and livestock manures Basically, the discharged amount of polluted elements means the difference between the amount of the elements entered into the crop and livestock sectors and the amount of the elements absorbed or used by the crop and/or livestock. A few suggestions are offered for better regional environment-friendly agricultural plan. The foremost important thing is to establish a data collection system. The \"Green Accounting System\" is suggested. It is also crucial to create a standard guideline or manual which Provides detailed procedures to follow in making the plan by the local planners. More fundamentally, many experts on the regional planning will be demanded in the near future. Some compound model which links, for instance, the forestry, the livestock sector, and the crop sector, needs to be devised. Finally, it is argued here that more elaborated model will work as an integrated environmental improvement plan which embraces living environment as well as agricultural environment.vironment.

The word \"permaculture\" is a contraction of \"permanent agriculture\" or \"permanent culture\". Permaculture principles are designed to support (or ensure) the survival of humanity, the earth and all on it, and, to improve our standard of living, Permaculture can be defined as : a design system for creating sustainable human environments that can be (relatively) easily constructed and maintained. The principles of permaculture designs are relative location every element (such as house , rice paddy, road, esc) is placed in relation to each other such that each assists the other : each element performs multiple functions ; each function is supported by many elements : energy efficient planning ; using biological resources rather than fossil fuels : energy cycling on site (both fuel and human energy) : Using and accelerating natural plant succession to establish favourable sites and soils ; poly-culture and diversity of beneficial species for a productive, interactive system ; use of edge and natural patterns for best effect. These principles can be used for any permaculture design, in any climate, and at any scale. There has been very little scientific examination of Permaculture, and as such, it must be viewed as a design philosophy.viewed as a design philosophy.

Within the paper, an overview of organic farming in Europe countries is given and the Principle and skills of organic agriculture is shortly reported with special regard to Germany. The overview information on European organic forming is covered such as \circled1 development of organic farming, \circled2organic farming organizations, \circled3standards and certification, \circled4implementation of EU council regulation, \circled5state support, \circled6implementation of Agenda 2000, \circled7training and education, \circled8advisory service and research situation. In the paper the principle and skills for organic farming which are practiced actually in the German organic farms is also reported. How to maintain and increase the fertility and microbiological activity of the soil by \circled1cultivation of legumes, green manures or deep-rooting crops in multi-annual rotation system, \circled2incorporation in the soil organic material, by-products from livestock farming is one of the major principle to organic crop production. Pest and diseases and weeds are controlled by any one, or a combination of the following measure ; \circled1choice of appropriate species and varieties, \circled2appropriate rotation programs, \circled3mechanical cultivation, \circled4protection of natural enemies of pests through provision of favourable habitat and ecological buffer zone, \circled5diversified ecosystems, \circled6flame weeding, \circled7natural enemies, \circled8bio-dynamic preparations, \circled9mulching and mowing, \circled10grazing of animals, ⑪mechanical controls, ⑫steam sterilization.

To carry out the Integrated Fruit Production(IFP), researches on cover crops as well the Integrated Pest Management(IPM) and the Integrated Nutrition Management(INM) should be very important. These concepts are neither clear nor connective till now. The researches on cover crops in Europe and USA are being kept within the category of IFP. Main researches on fruit trees for sustainable agriculture in Italy are new variety creation, development of growing techniques, pest and disease control, and cover crops management, etc. It is necessary of fruit industry in Korea to maintain good quality and taco-friendly fruit production. For this goal, we need international cooperation with highly developed countries in Europe. In first step, we should enlarge research areas and analyze results obtained to get farmers understood the concept of cover crop growing, Furthermore, we make researches more profoundly on cover crops growing considering tree age, mixing rates among cover crops, seeding and cutting time for cover crops, and so on. Researchers, specialists of agricultural extensions, and farmers should concentrate their opinions and conduct IFP together. The IFP should go on systematically and reach finally to get certificates internationally by the International Organization for Biological and integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants(IOBC) to enhance selling and exporting fruits.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of functional ingredients with supplementation as a bulking agent in composting of swine manure. Treatments were T1 & T5 ; Swine mature+Vermiculite, T2 & T6 ; Swine manure+Perlite, T3 & T7 ; Swine manure+Vermiculite+Perlite, T4 & T8 ; Swine manure+Bark. T1, T2, T3 and T4 were supplemented with functional ingredients on d 0 of composting, T5, T6, T7 and T8 were supplemented with functional ingredients on d 3 of composting. Functional ingredients were Fermkito and Yucca. During the composting period, changes of temperature were showed traditionally composting trend. Volatile fatty acids were decreased regardless of treatments in functional ingredients supplementation. Organic matter, T-N and C/N ratio were showed higher bark treatments than other treatments. pH and EC were net differences among the treatments. P$_2$O$_{5}$ and $K_2$O were showed level of 1-3%. In heavy metal, Cr were showed higher in vermiculite treatment than other treatments. In conclusion, vermiculite and perlite treatments were greater composting effects than bark.

The quality including in situ degradability in the rumen of Holstein of the black locust silage added with apple pomace was investigated in this study. The amount of apple pomace added in different treatments were 0, 20, 40 and 60% respectively. With higher amount of addition of apple pomace in black locust, crude protein content in the silage decreased. Crude protein contents in the apple pomace added silage were in the range between 11.7 and 13.7% and those were significantly lower than 16.3% of 100% black locust silage. The contents of ADF, NDF and crude ash were in the same trend as with crude protein, which were shown more clearly in the 40∼60% addition of apple pomace. Moisture content of 100% black locust silage was 56.7% however it significantly increased according to higher levels of addition of apple pomace(67.1∼73.8%). pH, lactic acid and total organic acid contents in 20∼60% addition of apple Pomace were 3.7∼4.3, 1.3∼2.2%, and 2.1∼6.0% respectively, however in 100% black locust silage those were significantly lower except pH as 5.4, 0.6% and 1.0% respectively. In situ disappearance rates of dry matter and NDF in the rumen were significantly higher at the stapes of incubation after 12h and 24h respectively in 20∼40% addition of apple pomace than in 100% black locust silage. No statistical differences were observed with quickly degradable fraction (a) in the disappearance rates of dry matter and NDF. In dry matter, however slowly degradable fractions (b) of 100% black locust and 60% addition of apple pomace were significantly higher as 99.7 and 99.8% respectively than 37.7∼50.5% of 20∼40% addition of apple pomace. On the contrary, fractional rate of disappearance (c) and effective degradability(ED) were significantly higher in 20∼40% addition of apple pomace as 0.0115∼0.0149 and 30.4∼31.9% respectively than the respective values of 0.0027 and 24.9% of 100% black locust. In NDF, b was significantly higher in apple pomace added silage(38.5∼99.8%) than in 100% black locust silage(14.9%). However, C was significantly lower in apple pomace added silage than in 100% black locust silage.

Antibiotics supplementation in animal feeds results in bacterial resistance to the antibiotics and residue of the antibiotics in animal products, which can cause serious problems in human health. Therefore, the finding of new substances replacing antibiotics are needed. New substances are egg york antibody, probiotics, organic acid, mannanoligosaccharide(MOS), fructooligosaccharide(FOS), and chitosan etc. Egg york antibody is antibody to obtain from egg york of the chicken injected the specific antigen. Probiotics can prevent the problems of residue of the antibiotics and resistance to the antibiotics. Organic acids ctrl preservation of colostrum inhibit the rottenness and increase the beneficial bacteria. MOS and FOS increase the beneficial bacteria, too. Chitosan is used the immune material to active the anti-bacteria.