The study aims to examine how everyday life skills of disabled seniors in rural areas affect their depression and self-esteem through their quality of life and explores how to improve the quality of life of disabled seniors. To achieve this, 238 participants who were registered as disabled and aged 65 or over took part in this research. Results showed that the quality of life among disabled seniors decreased when their everyday life skills were relatively more advanced than those of non-disabled people. It was also found that the high level of everyday life skills possessed by disabled seniors caused more severe depression and lower self-esteem. Their quality of life negatively affected self-esteem and depression and their everyday life skills were a key factor that influenced depression and self-esteem.

The study aims to identify the moderating effects of involvement on satisfaction, recommendation, and revisit intention in insect exhibition. Tourism motivation and involvement are crucial factors influencing visitors satisfaction. Particularly, the study aim to examine the moderating effects on tourism involvement between tourism motivation and visitors' satisfaction. Data were collected from 346 usable questionnaires among visitors of the pet insect competition. Results of a factor analysis yielded three dimensions of tourism motivation which are insect experience/learning, recreation/escape, and social and friendship. Hierarchical regression analysis indicates that insect experience/learning motivation and recreation/escape motivation influence visitors' satisfaction, Results also show that visitors' involvement has moderating effects on satisfaction. It was suggested that visitors' motivation and involvement be considered in insect exhibition and events.

This study aims at shedding light on two questions: 1) how livelihood strategies hired by heterogeneous farm households differ and in what aspect, and 2) would the strategy change over time or remain identical across farm types? Using 2013-2017 Farm Economy Survey panel data, we divide the sample farms into 4 sub-groups based on income level and sources. Key findings are as follows. First, regardless of farm types, strong path dependency has been observed. That is, lots of farms are likely (enforced) to maintain the livelihood strategies, accounting for why many farms fail to response to market and/or policy signals. Second, along with compounding risks, farms are more vulnerable to specific sorts risks. Third, based on the findings, we made policy suggestions.