This study explores the link between buildings and artworks and the role of architects in South Korea's Artwork Policy for Buildings. To shed light on this connection, this study compares it with the Art in Architecture Program in the United States. The comparison involved analyzing various data, including systems, guidelines, and prior research from both countries. This study examines four aspects: the range of architectural artworks, the planning and installation timeline for buildings and artworks, the process of selecting artworks, and the involvement of architects in the development of architectural artworks. The findings show that in the United States, architecture and artworks are harmonized through a broad range of building-related artworks. This integration comes from open communication during the joint planning and execution of architecture and art projects. Furthermore, architects in the United States play an active role in the selection process by serving on committees that choose artists aligned with the building's concept, rather than focusing solely on the artworks. Architects also participate in planning and installing artworks in buildings. This study concludes that South Korea's policy could benefit from emphasizing the connection between buildings and artworks and increasing architects' involvement, as seen in the United States' approach.

Visual information preference plays a fundamental role in decision-making, linking it to essential areas of architecture. This research seeks to provide a quantitative understanding of visual preference by integrating logistic regression analysis and brainwave physical data using electroencephalography. The primary objective of this research is to elucidate the neural correlates of visual preference by examining the electroencephalographic (EEG) responses to various visual stimuli. Specifically, this research aims to quantify the differential neural responses associated with the preference for diverse visual content. A series of experiments were conducted to achieve these objectives, in which participants were exposed to a range of visual stimuli while their EEG activity was recorded. The research methods employed advanced signal processing, coding, and surveys to analyze the EEG data, seeking patterns and correlations between brainwave physical data of event-related potentials for visual information preference. This study unveiled that distinct EEG features, including frequency, amplitude, event-related potentials, power spectra, and topographical patterns, are strongly correlated with individual visual preferences. The bivariate correlation analysis indicates that independent variables of the area of positive (P200) to negative (N300) cycles, The intensity or magnitude of the 20-30Hz beta wave spectrum, and the number of positive (P200) cycles are affecting contributors to the dependent variables with a significance level of P < 0.01 and values of .668, .649, and .642, indicating strong positive relationships, respectively. In conclusion, this research contributes to our ability to objectively quantify and interpret visual information preference, harnessing brainwave analysis's power to optimize visual information's impact on architectural preferences.

The purpose of this study is to identify environmental planning factors that affect the improvement of public library user satisfaction from a publicity perspective and derive priorities. The PCSI satisfaction model, which is commonly used in public institution customer satisfaction surveys, was modified and used in the survey, and differences in satisfaction by group according to the socio-demographic characteristics of survey respondents were analyzed. In addition, regression analysis was conducted through Stepwise Selection with the average value of overall, element, and social satisfaction with the public library as the dependent variable and the publicness factor as the independent variable to derive library environment planning factors by rank. As a result, convenience, accessibility, connectivity, and sustainability were found to have a significant impact on publicness factors that affect public library satisfaction. Seven items were found to be significant in the detailed environmental planning elements, and the convenience of the operating system, various convenience facilities, building accessibility, pedestrian path accessibility, functional connectivity, visual connectivity, and user participation were found to have a significant impact on public library satisfaction. This study is significant in that it derived detailed factors for improving facility satisfaction by ranking in order to examine environmental planning factors in terms of space and architectural planning that affect library use satisfaction. Because the sample is limited to users of public libraries in the four autonomous districts of Seoul, it is difficult to generalize the survey results. However, if the environmental planning factors derived from this study are considered first when creating a public library environment, it is believed that it will be useful data when planning library operation strategies and construction plans.

As the paradigm of future education shifts toward fostering human resources, discussions on future educational spaces are increasing globally, but changes in these spaces have often resulted in repetitive and predictable outcomes. Given this importance, creating flexible and variable spaces that can accommodate various educational activities, both individual and cooperative, is necessary. To address the rigid spatial structure, this research focused on the flexibility of future educational space features and conducted a POE centered on cases that actively introduced flexible elements, along with an FGI to verify them. The findings indicated the need for flexible spaces of various sizes tailored to different learning types, environments where students can actively engage with flexible elements, systems that enable efficient budget use, identification of idle spaces, and changes in parents' and student teachers' perspectives and attitudes toward school. These changes will help transform traditional school spaces into flexible and adaptable environments.

The purpose of this study was to examine the architectural flow of cases and theories of ecological referenial architecture since Modern Architecture in the past and to track the possibility of architectural application by analyzing architectural cases in modern architecture in order to find the possibility of using the concept of Biomimicry as an architectural expression method actively in the recent design field. The three-stage concept and design language proposed by Janine M. Benyus as an ecological imitation stage were reinterpreted as an architectural design language as a research method, and based on this analysis frame, the expression methods and trends applied in modern and contemporary architectural works were traced. The purpose of this study was to provide ethical and new architectural expression methods and development possibilities to the global environment and future humanity in modern architecture by in-depth analysis of the trends of the modern architectural movement that attempted new styles from natural models and later works. The study attempted to suggest the possibility of expanding the expression and application of the concept of Biomimicry in modern architecture in the future.

This study compares the differences in users' perceptions in order to propose customized strategies for revitalizing the operation of cultural regeneration spaces. The types of operations and activation factors derived from the analysis of previous studies are as follows. First, the activating factors of the 'Space' type were 'accessibility', 'flexibility', and 'identity'. Second, the activating factors of the 'Program' type were 'creativity', 'complexity', 'educationality', and 'business'. Third, in the type of 'Governance', the activating elements of 'cooperation', 'expertise', and 'sharing' appeared. Based on this, a survey was conducted to compare and analyze the difference in perception from the user's point of view. As a result, in order for the operation of cultural regeneration spaces to be revitalized, the importance of 'space' and 'program' among the types of operation was higher than that of the 'governance' type. In addition, in order to revitalize the overall operation of the cultural regeneration space, it was evaluated that it is most advantageous to induce activation by actively considering the elements of 'accessibility' and 'identity' of the 'space' type and the 'business' of the 'program' type. If we look at it by type of operation, First, in order to induce revitalization centered on 'space', it is necessary to further strengthen the 'identity' of 'space', the 'complexity' of 'program', and the 'professionalism' of 'governance'. Second, in order to induce operational activation centered on 'programs', it is advantageous to strengthen the 'accessibility' of 'space', the 'creativity' of 'programs', and the 'cooperation' of 'governance'. Third, in order to induce operational revitalization centered on 'governance', it is necessary to strengthen the 'flexibility' of 'space', the 'creativity' of 'programs', and the 'professionalism' of 'governance'. Based on these results, it will be possible to derive a differentiated direction for each cultural regeneration space in consideration of local goals and residents' perceptions. In addition, it is expected to serve as a basis for a revitalization plan that can be approached step by step with priority in the operating environment of the limited cultural regeneration space.

In recent years, basement parking facilities have become increasingly common. This study assesses the incidence of electric vehicle (EV) fires in underground parking structures at residential complexes. It compares findings across different locations, evaluates current fire safety measures, and analyzes response protocols, aiming to propose strategies for enhancing fire safety in EV charging zones. As of 2022, South Korea's EV population stood at 347,395 units, with annual growth. Although EV fires occurred at a lower rate of 1.2 per 10,000 units compared to 1.8 for internal combustion engine vehicles, incidents are rising, reaching 91 in 2022. The increase in EV fires is largely due to vulnerabilities in underground parking lots, such as inadequate charging infrastructure, firefighting equipment, and differing firefighting methods. To address these issues, the National Fire Agency has drafted EV Charging Area Safety Guidelines. These recommend installing EV charging areas near ramps and incorporating firewalls, sprinklers, water-blocking panels, drainage facilities, and surveillance systems to enhance fire safety. However, these guidelines mainly target new constructions, emphasizing above-ground setups and lacking legal enforcement and practical effectiveness. With the mandated installation ratio of EV chargers expected to rise to 10% of total parking spaces in new buildings by 2025, there is a growing need for charger installations in existing residential complexes, necessitating improved fire safety measures. These measures include enhancing charging speed, installing firewalls to prevent fire spread, securing space for storing firefighting water and foam, introducing ventilation systems to reduce off-gassing, and ensuring accessible paths for firefighters and fire vehicle towing in underground parking lots. Additionally, with the increasing weight of EVs due to larger battery capacities, structural safety upgrades and reinforcements in existing parking facilities are necessary.

This study aims to establish spatial area types in the Metaverse for effective information exchange and to define these concepts specifically for planning virtual spaces. The focus is on Chungbuk National University's case, where spaces were created for information exchange in both real and virtual environments. This research classifies types of information exchange into three categories: private, official, and selective. These were then analyzed and mapped to four virtual space areas to facilitate smooth exchanges. The Metaverse virtual space concept was examined through Chungbuk National University's example, leading to a planning framework for Metaverse virtual spaces. To establish these spaces, areas 2, 3, and 4, where both direct and indirect information exchange occurs, must be developed, starting from area 1, which connects reality to the virtual space. Area 4 is designated for indirect official information exchange, area 3 for all types of direct and indirect exchanges, area 2 for direct personal exchanges, and area 1 for connecting to real space. This study aims to aid in planning Metaverse virtual spaces that efficiently support information exchange and enhance real-world interactions.

The research explores how physiological signals and AI can be integrated into architecture to create sensing architecture. The research aims to explore the potential for creating more responsive and user-centric architectural environments by utilizing physiological signals such as EEG (Electroencephalography), EDA (Electrodermal Activity), ECG (Electrocardiography), EMG (Electromyography), and Eye-Tracking, alongside advanced AI technologies. This paper conducts a systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines to analyze thirty-five scientific articles, aiming to explore current and future applications of AI and physiological signals in architectural design and user interaction. By combining AI and physiological signals, architects will be able to create buildings that adapt to and reflect users' emotional states and needs. Additionally, this integration is seen as a crucial factor in achieving sustainable and personalized architectural solutions, representing a significant shift towards environments that prioritize environmental sustainability. The expected impact of these technological advances indicates a shift in architectural design practices towards creating spaces that engage with and adapt to its users, leading to a new frontier in emotional architecture.

According to the Enforcement Decree of the Special Act on Safety Management of Multi-Use Businesses, a Korean Gosiwon is defined as an establishment that provides accommodation or accommodation with study facilities in separate rooms. With the rising number of single-person households in Seoul, Gosiwons are becoming a popular housing option. This study aims to propose policy and physical countermeasures by categorizing and analyzing major violations in Gosiwons. A field survey was conducted in Yeongdeungpo-gu, one of Seoul's 25 districts, over four months from November 2022 to March 2023. The survey analyzed land lots, standing areas, and building registers. The findings revealed that violations mainly involved architectural and structural issues, unauthorized changes in usage, and insufficient safety facilities. The study began by analyzing the definition, system, and background of Gosiwons. Areas with a high frequency of violations in Seoul were then identified. Among the older buildings with numerous violations, specific districts or dongs were selected and analyzed by type. Based on these findings, policy improvements were proposed to prevent the proliferation of buildings in violation of regulations.

This study aims to analyze the characteristics of indoor space composition and the shape of plan for urban detached house built since 2010. For the data analysis, 67 single households published in housing-related magazines from 2010 to 2023 were used. The main results of this study are as follows. 1) It was characterized by the openness-oriented composition of the public space(LDK), the settlement of the integration of the kitchen and dinning(DK), and the subdivision of the attached space in the composition of the main room were shown. 2) Vertical layer separation was dominant in public space (LDK) and private space (master room), separation of private(bedrooms) areas between generations (coupes and children) mainly occurred in the horizontal separation from the same floor. 3) The shape of the freeform was found to be effective in the first floor plane and the stacked plane shape, and deformation (addition, cutting) was more commonly applied than the basic type in all types of planes.

Seoul, South Korea, has a total of 116 officially determined Community Areas based on administrative boundaries and static demographic data. Residents' local activity spaces may not follow these administrative boundaries, which often creates difficulties in neighborhood planning and policy development. In this study, we define a 15-minute neighborhood as residents' collective boundaries delineated by their active transportation using the 2021 Personal Travel Survey data and community detection algorithms. Then, the detected 15-minute neighborhoods are clustered and compared against Seoul Metropolitan Government's official 2030 Community Areas. We evaluate boundary disagreement between the 15-minute neighborhoods and Community Areas using the Jaccard Index. We find that only 15 out of the neighborhood clusters have boundary agreement with the 2030 Community Areas, showing an 87% boundary disagreement rate. This study demonstrates that Seoul's official Community Areas do not align with residents' actual local travel patterns, suggesting that local neighborhood or community planning should consider residents' actual living areas.

This study focuses on utilizing ChatGPT, a generative artificial intelligence platform, for the experimentation and evaluation of architectural form generation. To achieve this objective, Grasshopper Python, serving as the linkage between ChatGPT and Rhino, is employed. The process of form creation utilizes two linguistic expressions: everyday language and mathematical language, encompassing 1) the derivation of basic modules, 2) the transformation of modules, and 3) the repetitive use and combination of these modules to generate forms. The conclusions drawn from this study are as follows: First, the study holds significant importance as it has managed to create meaningful 3D objects through the dialogue between users and objects, grounded in the core concept of hyper-connectivity, a key notion of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Second, despite the potential for unintended results due to the limitations of linguistic expression, the study positively acknowledges the opportunity it provides for users unfamiliar with scripting to access and engage with scripts. Last, the creation of forms through mathematical expression aligns well with the attributes of scripts, and the organic use of Grasshopper has confirmed the potential for deriving forms that can be applied in actual architectural projects. These research findings suggest new possibilities for the creative use of artificial intelligence platforms in the field of architecture, offering significant insights for future architectural design and form generation.

The object of this research the Moon Shin Museum, currrently located in City of Changwon, is studied according to the related themes as the following. First of all, considerations were given to the publications and articles related with the building in order to understand the physical status of museum complex. Various layouts such as masterplans and definite architectural drawings were considered to understand the overall composition and characteristic relative to each individual edifice. Relating these facts with the testimonies and memoirs of the artist himself and others, it was possible to understand the dynamics in which the selection of the site, modificaion of the plans and buildings due to the financial difficulties occurred during the process. Furthermore it was possible to comprehend how the previous intentions were modified from the original blue print due to the financial difficulties and the radical changes of urban context by the construction of residential buildings adjacent to the museum complex. After the investigation in situ, certain structures not incorporated to the definite construction were individuated such as arched gate, stairs and terraced embankment. These indications led to reconsider the architectural drawings preserved in archives mostly in the Moon Shin Museum. After the synthesis of the site investigation and archive documents it was possible to advance a hypothesis of a different ideal museum that the artist pursued but unable to accomplish due to various factors until the very last stage of the completion of the complex. Lastly key drawings proved an alternative project specially related with the uppermost area of the site. This study advances existence of a different project which artist aspired but could only leave its trace both on site and on paper.

The study explores the thoughts and works of Alvar Aalto, a Finnish architect who created architectural aesthetics using natural materials and forms through intuition as a creative method, in the context of Bergson's theories: élan vital, intuition, and image. Bergson criticizes of modern mechanistic and deterministic ideas, arguing that intuition is more realistic in the flow of time or duration than scientific and analytic thinking. Additionally, in the theory of image as a recognition process through intuition, Bergson explains that recognition of objects is constantly renewed by synthesizing memory images and perceptual images, leading to qualitative leaps. This aligns with Aalto's criticism of modern mechanistic, material, scientific, and analytical thinking. Aalto intuitively integrated natural elements into his works, emphasizing the human and the natural, which cannot be achieved through scientific and analytical methods.

This study conducted a semantic network analysis on a series of articles titled 'Oh Busan - the Heritage and Future of Busan', jointly planned by the Kookje Daily News and Sangji Group, to identify the semantic structure through keyword relationships. The analysis clearly revealed the structure of the text, showing how Busan's history, places, architecture, and culture are interconnected. It also highlighted that Busan's history and architectural heritage create value as the city's cultural genome, with ongoing developments in architecture and culture revolving around this foundation. As a propagation unit of such urban architecture cultural information, I think cultural genes can be understood and empathized with as 'Busan-ness'. However, there may be disagreements about the selection of analysis data and the appropriateness of the sample number, and the reliability of the analysis is limited. In addition, the connection structure is clearly visible, but the interpretation of its meaning also has subjective limitations.

This study aims to provide practical recommendations for improving the quality management of urban architectural design in South Korea. It does so by analyzing the UK's structure for design quality management, focusing on the Design Quality Indicator (DQI). The analysis identified problems and root causes in South Korea's current system and reviewed how the DQI was used at every stage in the UK's architectural process, from planning through construction. This study also examined successful cases where the DQI had been implemented in the UK, deriving valuable insights to suggest improvements for South Korea's approach to architectural design quality management. With growing international emphasis on enhancing urban and national image, several domestic policies and projects have been initiated. However, challenges remain, including inconsistent evaluation criteria, unclear guidelines, and a lack of post-construction assessments. To address these issues, this study explores the UK's entire quality management system, including the Design Quality Indicator, and extracts relevant lessons for Korea. Based on this analysis, practical improvements were proposed for Korea's urban architectural design quality management system. These recommendations included redefining concepts and policy objectives for urban architectural design, adjusting the scope of existing policies, and creating specialized guidelines and systems. The establishment of dedicated agencies for systematic management and operation was even advised. Additionally, it is crucial to design practical measures to motivate architects, who play a central role in shaping urban design quality.

This exploratory study investigates the factors influencing Aging in Place (AIP) intentions among elderly individuals living alone in public rental housing in Seoul. Using the 2019 public housing panel data from the Seoul Housing and Communities Corporation (SH), an ordered logistic regression model was applied to 485 elderly single households. The analysis revealed several key findings. First, cross-tabulation analysis showed variations in AIP intentions based on socio-demographic factors. Second, the general ordered logit regression model indicated that house interiors and elderly-friendly amenities positively impacted AIP intentions, while active neighborhood interactions had a negative effect. Third, the age-specific ordered logit regression model found that rental housing types and interior facilities positively influenced those in their 60s, whereas longer residence duration and higher quality exterior amenities benefited those in their 80s. These findings highlight the complex relationship between AIP and environmental factors in public housing, suggesting the need for a more detailed causal analysis to guide future improvements.

With the recent strengthening of fire safety standards for insulation materials, various composite insulation materials using fire-resistant mineral insulation and low-radiation aluminum encapsulation have been developed. However, the thermal insulation performance of these materials varies significantly depending on the KOLAS certified testing institution conducting the thermal transmission test. The performance is often overestimated due to discrepancies in test results. For instance, results from SGS Korea are about half of the calculated values, while those from KEL are around one-third. To reduce testing errors between KOLAS certified institutions, additional testing or monitoring by a national public testing institution is necessary for cross-validation of the thermal transmission test results of composite insulation wall assemblies.

In this study, wind tunnel tests were conducted on a dome roof with openings, considering various shapes and power-law index parameters, to investigate the characteristics of the mean wind pressure distribution. First, the characteristics of the mean net pressure under various shapes and power-law indices were analyzed. The changes in turbulence intensity resulting from variations in shape and power-law index were observed to influence the mean net pressure coefficients in the windward area. However, the mean net pressure coefficients remained similar in the remaining areas regardless of turbulence intensity. Comparing the experimental values with the wind pressure coefficients based on the current wind load standard (KDS 41 12 00), it was found that the standard overestimates by up to 10.4 times. Therefore, pressure coefficients reflecting the pressure distribution characteristics of open dome roofs were proposed.

This study evaluated the validity of assuming floor diaphragms in tall buildings with L-shaped plans. Although conventional structural design typically assumes floor diaphragms, these buildings may not behave as expected. To investigate this, a simplified structural model with meshed slab plate elements was used to compare results with and without the diaphragm assumption. The comparison included in-plane displacement (DX, DY, RZ), in-plane stress of the roof slab, and shear force on the exterior wall at the first floor. The main parameter in this study was the slab ratio connecting two perpendicular sub-units. Load combinations of lateral forces from two perpendicular sub-units can be categorized into two types: torsional displacement caused by same-direction lateral forces and stress concentration on the slab caused by opposite-direction lateral forces. The differences between models with and without diaphragms were significant when applying the load combination that causes stress concentration on the connection slab. As the connecting slab ratio decreased, stress concentration on the slab increased, but displacement at the outermost corner did not directly increase due to variations in torsion depending on the plan shape. However, differences in displacement between the models with and without diaphragms continued to grow. Therefore, it is not recommended to apply the floor diaphragm assumption when the connecting slab ratio is less than 50%.

This study presented a trend equation derived from regression analysis of compressive strength and ultrasonic velocity to predict the form demolding time for concrete mixed with Non-sintered Hwangto (NHT) at various replacement rates. The experimental results showed that compressive strength decreased as the NHT substitution ratio increased. Regarding ultrasonic speed, the speed difference widened as age increased until one day old but decreased when measured up to 28 days. Regression analysis revealed that plain concrete had a lower ultrasonic velocity than HC at the same compressive strength. Additionally, plain concrete reached the time for vertical, single-layer, and multi-layer horizontal form demolding faster than HC. An error test comparing the trend formula from this study with previous studies showed that this empirical formula had an average error value close to zero, indicating high reliability for predicting demolding time.

The purpose of this study is to systematically investigate and analyze job stress by dividing domestic architectural designers by gender/position, and based on this, suggest a plan to relieve job stress to secure competent designers and improve work efficiency in the future. As a result of conducting this study, the following conclusions were obtained. 1) It was found that most of the current domestic architectural designers are under job stress regardless of gender and position. 2) It was found that the items with a high level of stress in designers were 'work processing speed (time pressure) and intensity' and 'unpredictability of work', and in particular, in the case of women, the 'responsibility for job performance' was also high. 3) A number of physiological and psychological phenomena were occurring as individual occurrences due to job stress. 4) As for the organizational occurrence due to job stress, male designers showed the highest level of commitment to the organization and 'lower work efficiency of the entire organization', while female designers showed a lot of 'lower job satisfaction of the entire organization' and 'displacement phenomenon'. 5) In order to effectively relieve the job stress of domestic architectural designers, active financial investment at the organizational level in the job stress items that appear at the 'severe' level by gender/job level should be preceded, and activity programs that are effective in relieving the factors that cause job stress by gender/job level should be discovered and constructed, and active promotion of the activities should be implemented. This study has limitations in that it has not been able to present specific institutional/practical measures to relieve job stress. Therefore, the researchers plan to supplement the limitations of this study through follow-up studies.