This study was conducted with the purpose of understanding the relationship between the monetary value and emotion of architectural aesthetic. It is based on the results of an interactive survey of 800 citizens in five major metropolitan cities across the country. The relationship between emotional words for architectural aesthetic and monetary payment amount through contingent valuation method was analyzed using R-Studio, a big data analysis program, and the main research results are as follows: First, through the distribution of outliers by level of architectural aesthetic, it was confirmed that the monetary value increases rapidly as the level of architectural aesthetic increases. Second, it was found that people try to place more value on balanced and stable sensibilities, and place high monetary value on mysterious or progressive architectural aesthetic. Third, when cost issues are linked to architectural aesthetic, the intention for the construction itself plays a large role, confirming that economic and realistic aspects are strongly involved. Fourth, emotions that reduce the monetary value of architectural aesthetic include 'special', 'equivocal', 'strange', and 'complicated'. Fifth, emotional analysis based on architectural aesthetic score is more accurate than emotional analysis based on monetary value, and in studies related to monetary value, it is necessary to set the standard for architectural aesthetic score at 71 points. Sixth, it can be seen that innovative design, along with improving the aesthetic level, can be a strategy for improving the monetary value of architectural aesthetic. The results of this study can be used as a decision-making basis for architectural aesthetic emotional analysis, architectural aesthetic value estimation system development, architectural aesthetic emotional marketing, and place marketing strategies.

The Metaverse Model House(MMH) emerges as a marketing strategy in the Korean housing market post-COVID-19. Still in its early stages, MMH sparks ongoing studies. Recognizing that model houses drive actual purchases, it is necessary to approach MMH in order to derive a positive and satisfactory user experience. This study aims to investigate the user experience in MMH in the context of sensorial, interactive and informative experience, especially focusing on differences in groups. We conducted a survey of 83 users after experiencing MMH on a tablet PC. T-test and one-way ANOVA were conducted to identify statistically significant differences by demographic characteristics. Results revealed age-related distinctions in sensorial, interactive, and informative experience. Users in their 30s expressed negativity, citing a lack of presence and insufficient information. On the other hand, users in their 20s found enjoyment through avatar movement, while those in their 40s faced discomfort due to slow information acquisition. Users in their 50s experienced difficulties in understanding the operation methods and encountered operational errors. Therefore, based on these results, improvement directions for MMH were proposed.

The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport has actively advocated for nationwide adoption of BIM (Building Information Modeling) within the public sector, with the goal of integrating BIM throughout the construction life cycle. As the construction industry aligns with the paradigm shift of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, there is a growing demand for paperless digital collaboration to drive its ongoing digital transformation. However, the domestic construction industry still heavily relies on physical joint office spaces for large-scale projects. Decision-making processes in these joint offices typically involve face-to-face meetings, manual approval procedures, and extensive paper documentation, resulting in low productivity and efficiency. To tackle these challenges, there is a need to develop a BIM collaboration platform that adheres to ISO19650 information management processes and Korean CDE-based functional requirements. This study aims to identify essential functional requirements for the BIM collaboration platform through surveys and assess their practicality and feasibility. The research aims to lay the groundwork for developing a digital BIM collaboration platform tailored for the domestic construction industry.

This study aims to address the living conditions in Gosiwons, where vulnerable populations reside, despite not being legally classified as housing. To achieve this, a survey was conducted with Goshiwon residents in Seoul on a one-to-one basis, identifying shortcomings and providing recommendations for improvements. The scope of this study focuses on Gosiwon residents in Seoul in 2023, with an initial survey population of 5,522 Gosiwons registered on the Seoul Open Data Portal. The methodology involved examining the current state of Gosiwons in South Korea, identifying limitations of existing regulations, analyzing similar studies and reports to prepare interview questions and survey materials, developing interview forms based on findings, and conducting face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires. Fortunately, analysis of the living environment revealed that residents did not feel particularly vulnerable to risks such as aging or natural disasters. The average length of stay in Goshiwons was 2.34 years, with 27.9% of residents staying for over 3 years. On average, residents stayed for 4.11 years, with 55.4% extending their stays beyond the 3-year mark. Contrary to initial assumptions, this indicated that Goshiwons serve as long-term housing options. Recognizing Gosiwons as a viable housing option and exploring measures to enhance their role in housing are crucial, considering the rising trend in single-person households and the evolving purpose of Gosiwons, which are not legally recognized as housing.

This study originated from the recognition that, while design competitions are the typical method for commissioning designs for public architecture projects, attention to subsequent stages is crucial to fulfill the competition's ultimate intent. Survey results from both clients and designers underscored the importance of internalizing the initial project plan regarding construction cost and duration. Continuous research considering the characteristics and life cycle of public building projects is necessary to establish basic data, such as reference cases and type-specific standards. Additionally, there's a need to rationalize current price standards and period calculation methods for architectural design work, and to establish a basis for smooth operation by specifying design change work and various procedures during the architectural design stage. Ensuring smooth communication among project participants and a consistent project management system is vital. Moreover, understanding the public building project process from a collaborative perspective and forming a common understanding of roles and responsibilities is essential. By verifying primary participants' perceptions-clients and designers regarding changes throughout various project stages, this research underscores the need for systemic and academic improvements. The findings are expected to provide foundational data for future studies aiming to ensure rationality in post-design competition processes.

Children's educational facilities play a vital role in shaping the daily environment during the critical period of brain development, ensuring the provision of suitable stimulation. This study focuses on Fuji Kindergarten as a case study, emphasizing the importance of a playful developmental environment for children. Drawing from evolutionary psychology and neuroscience, pleasure is recognized as a fundamental mechanism that drives responses to beneficial stimuli, essential for survival, the reward system and learning processes. Fuji Kindergarten exemplifies this by transforming its entire building into a playground, offering a joyful and immersive experience. Grounded in child development theory, evolutionary psychology, and neuroscience, this study explores various aspects. It investigates adventure activities that foster exploration and risk-taking, peer interactions promoting imitation and connection, observation and exploration activities nurturing curiosity, and appropriate stimulation fostering emotional attachment. Through analyzing the Fuji Kindergarten case, elements such as climbing pathways, incorporation of natural elements, strategic placement of manageable risk factors, spatial features encouraging peer collaboration, and a cyclical structure supporting emotional stability were identified. By examining the importance of enjoyment and spatial configuration methods, this research aims to provide insights into the spatial design direction for creating environments that encourage appropriate stimulation in children's educational facilities.

This study conducted a literature review on user experiences in COVID-19 medical settings in advance. Additionally, it summarized requirements from focus group interviews (FGI) concerning the architectural planning elements of the Modular Airborne Infection Isolation Ward. Consequently, the primary purpose of the modular facility and user needs based on patient severity were determined. Moreover, common planning issues and solutions, including facility usage, location & scale, space composition & circulation, equipment, and stress reduction environment, were organized as construction planning elements of the modular airborne infection isolation ward. The implications suggest that designing airborne isolation wards for mildly-to-moderately infected patients requires a different planning approach compared to high-risk infected patients, addressing the mismatched hard stay environment for relatively low-severity patients, which can stress both patients and medical staff. The modular infection isolation ward, leveraging modularity characteristics, should be adaptable to accommodate such distinctiveness and diversity.

Employing machine learning, this study detected occupancy anomalies in Seoul's public rental housing by analyzing energy usage data spanning from 2016 to 2021. Through the examination of electricity consumption patterns, the model successfully pinpointed instances of underreported or illegal occupancy, identifying approximately 8% of households as anomalies. This approach highlights the promise of data-driven methodologies in public housing management, promoting adherence to regulations and equitable resource allocation. Visualization of results using GIS further facilitates their practical utilization by housing authorities.

This study aims to pinpoint trends in global ABM research and delve into primary research perspectives preceding the academic and practical application of ABM in architecture. A keyword network analysis was conducted on global research papers over different time periods to identify ABM research trends in architecture. The analysis results revealed that keywords related to planning consistently feature prominently across all centrality measures of Eigenvector centrality, Closeness centrality, and Betweenness centrality over time. In terms of betweenness centrality analysis, complex-system emerged as the top keyword in both periods, indicating the ABM model's capacity to process diverse data concurrently, evolving alongside technological advancements to gather information on interactions between space and people. Therefore, to enhance model validity, it is imperative to incoporate research on human factors, not soley focusing on the physical environment. Notably, the consistent appearance of pedestrians alongside urban and public underscores the significance of pedestrian environments in urban centers, necessitating related research. Future studies should identify detailed ABM research trends by selecting specific research topics and spaces based on the overall research trends derived from this study.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the Non-contact visiting area in long-term care facilities when COVID-19 spread worldwide as pandemic. This study investigated various non-contact visitation spaces in long-term care facilities and care hospitals. A total of 10 long-term care facilities and care hospitals in Korea were selected to survey the history and experience of the social-distancing visiting station. The results of this study were as follows; the number of visitation areas and number of visits may be determined depending on the size of the facilities, beds, and whether it was a group of buildings. Moreover, the non-contact visitation journey shall be decided depending on where the visiting area is located. Visitors' journey sequence were: arrival of facilities, registration of visitors and confirmation of fever, waiting and movement to the non-contact visitation area. This study concluded that there was insufficient research on non-contact visitation in long-term care facilities and there was a limit to the quality of space and visitors' and residents' movement for non-contact visitation for temporarily constructed space in facilities in a short time in preparation for the prolonged pandemic.

This study aims to identify the planning elements of green smart schools and evaluate their relative importance. Initially, a brainstorming session was held with select professional groups specializing in architectural design and educational administration to establish the hierarchy of planning elements. Subsequently, utilizing the AHP method, the relative importance of these planning elements was analyzed based on expert surveys from school facility design practitioners. The results indicated that green schools (0.331) ranked highest in weight at the primary level, followed by mixed-use schools (0.310), smart class (0.207), and space innovation (0.152). In terms of overall composite weight, green energy (0.092), energy control systems (0.091), lifelong learning spaces (0.086), passive architecture (0.069), support from the local community (0.061), and CPTED of facilities (0.061) emerged as vital considerations. These findings suggest that planning guidelines for green smart schools should prioritize energy-efficient facilities and foster connections between school facilities and local communities.

This study aims to examine the current status of facilities in residential environments for young and middle-aged residents within mixed-use public rental housing complexes, focusing on psychological recovery and identifying environmental factors influencing stress reduction. The investigation involved mixed-use public rental housing complexes in Seoul that received green building certification within the last decade, utilizing Roger Uhrich's Supportive Design Theory. To explore factors contributing to residents' psychological stress recovery effects, this study employed Harting's Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS) Measurement Tool, based on Kaplan & Kaplan's Attention Restoration Theory. This tool assessed factors like being away, fascination, compatibility, coherence, and legibility. The research delved into key factors influencing recovery effects on young and middle-aged residents in the housing complexes. Results revealed that, in terms of satisfaction, fascination and compatibility were the most influential factors for the young age group, determined through regression analysis. For the middle-aged group, coherence and being away emerged as the most influential factors. These findings provide groundwork for future detailed planning of recovery and well-being environments tailored to specific age groups of residents.

This study aims to shed light on the evolving perceptions of architectural marketing over time, focusing on small architectural firms in Daejeon and Sejong. Using a 5-point Likert scale, perceptions of architectural marketing within these firms were assessed. The longitudinal analysis revealed shifts in these perceptions, with an increasing recognition of the benefits of architectural marketing. In a 2021 survey, a diverse range of perspectives on architectural marketing emerged compared to a 2015 survey. Particularly, architectural firms in Daejeon with robust operational performance acknowledged the value of architectural marketing activities from a business perspective more than those in Sejong. Despite differences in revenue and organizational growth between the two regions, Daejeon exhibited a more positive growth trend. Furthermore, there was a heightened awareness of the importance of architectural marketing capital in securing contracts. Daejeon demonstrated a more significant positive change in this regard compared to Sejong across both survey points. Specifically, the increase in awareness of the importance of social capital was most notable in Daejeon, while Sejong saw a considerable rise in the perception of the significance of human capital over the two survey periods.

This study explores the background behind the architectural features, especially the layout and composition, of the Buyeo Grand Shrine, renowned for its exceptional design among Japanese shrines. In the late 1930s, Japan promoted the construction of the Buyeo Grand Shrine on Busosan Mount as a commemorative project 2,600 years ago. Originally slated for completion in 1943, Japan invested significant resources in materials and labor. However, due to challenges in fundraising amid World War Two, the Shrine remained unfinished until Japan's defeat in 1945. The findings indicated that the architectural design of the Buyeo Grand Shrine was influenced by Japanese shrine styles from the mid-1930s. Bureaucratic engineers like Takashi Sunami actively introduced the Showa-jo style, prioritizing functionality to accommodate daily services, ancestral rites, and public worship. This approach involved connecting corridor transepts on the left and right sides to prayer recital and worship halls in the middle, inspired by the shinden style that arranged a group of buildings symmetrically, which was popular in Buddhist temples during the Momoyama and Kamakura periods. The layout and style of the Buyeo Grand Shrine resembled those of the Taiwan Grand Shrine, which held similar prominence among Japanese shrines during that era. This suggests a standardized architectural approach adopted by Japan for grand shrines during the era, reflecting the nation's architectural innovations and its religious and cultural aspirations.

This study explores the urban-architectural significance and effectiveness of temporary architecture along with its theoretical framework. It begins by examining avant-garde architecture from the 1960s and 1970s and the subsequent changes in era. Deleuze's philosophical concepts were employed to analyze avant-garde architecture and its correlations with temporary architecture. This study highlights the influence of avant-garde architecture on the emergence and expansion of temporary architecture. Furthermore, it reevaluates changes in contemporary temporary architecture since the 1980s and investigates examples with transboundary characteristics. Temporary architecture was classified into three main types: connection-oriented, re-territorialized, and de-centered, each with specific characteristics. Analysis revealed that attributes like rhizomatic, becoming, and virtualite played crucial roles in amplifying the dynamic nature of temporary architecture. Additionally, this study defined contemporary temporary architecture as one that actively interacts with various elements within and around architecture, including the urban environment, users, and programs. This discourse on the validity of temporary architecture offers a fresh perspective and contributes significantly to both research and practice in the field.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the four goals presented in the guideline of the Urban Regeneration New Deal project, the contents of the business plan planned by each local government for the realization of these goals, and how the goals were achieved at the final stage of the current project. Eleven of the early urban regeneration New Deal projects selected in 2017 and 2018 were evaluated. These projects entered the final stage around 2023. Therefore, by evaluating the projects that are being completed at this point, it is possible to grasp the performance and meaning of the New Deal project. The four goals of the Urban Regeneration New Deal project are realization of housing welfare, strengthening of urban competitiveness, social integration, and job creation. Projects for social integration in the project planning stage are focused on strengthening residents' capacity, installing and operating urban regeneration field support centers, and community vegetable gardens. Unit projects for realizing housing welfare are focused on remodeling detached and multi-family houses, maintenance of alleys, and creation of parks and green spaces. Unit projects for job creation are focused on revitalizing the public economy, creating a new vitality hub space in the city center, and utilizing disfunctional spaces such as abandoned stations and closed schools. Projects to restore urban competitiveness are focused on resident-participatory greening and maintenance of neglected buildings such as abandoned and vacant houses. Among the various projects proposed by the guidelines of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, it turns out that the projects actually carried out in the field were very limited. In particular, in the course of this research, it was revealed that large-scale development projects, housing creation projects, job creation projects, and public enterprise-linked projects were relatively sluggish in the field implementation process. In contrast, the community capacity building program project, green space creation, and alley environment maintenance project were found to be very active projects.

This study examines the challenges faced by elderly and disabled individuals with limited mobility who rely on walking aids in various environments. Specifically, it aims to analyze whether there are differences in obstacles to walking convenience based on the type of walking aid used. A face-to-face survey was conducted with 103 senior citizens and individuals with physical disabilities across nine districts in Seoul, Korea. A nonparametric ANOVA was employed to assess satisfaction with walking convenience concerning 18 environmental factors that hinder mobility, categorized by the type of walking aid: cane, rollator, or wheelchair. Cane users expressed concerns about slippery floors and uneven surfaces, while those using rollators highlighted issues with steep ramps, floor inclines, and uneven surfaces. Wheelchair users identified narrow sidewalks, speed bumps, and sidewalk obstacles as uncomfortable factors in the walking environment. Consequently, addressing these various inconvenience factors requires measures such as widening walking spaces, maintaining floor surfaces, and reducing floor inclines.

This research delves into the potential applicability of 1970s~80s marketplace apartments as a contemporary catalyst for the revitalization of traditional markets, aligning with current municipal efforts to rejuvenate local economies. Through an analysis of 39 cases, we scrutinized the urban dynamics of 'markets' hosting marketplace apartments, investigating their geographical siting, scale, and store characteristics. Furthermore, an architectural examination of 14 selected cases illuminated the residential environment attribute of these marketplace 'apartments.' Our focus encompassed aspects such as size, layout, circulation, unit type configurations, and communal spaces within these unique structures. The findings of this study shed light on the potential rile of marketplace apartments as strategic tools for reinvigorating traditional markets within urban landscapes. By unraveling the intricate interplay between economic and architectural factors, we offer valuable insights into the prospects and avenues for refinement in utilizing marketplace apartments as effective strategies for traditional market revitalization.

This study examines the urban formation and spatial usage of concentrated Chinese communities, with a particular focus on Daerim 2-dong and Jayang 4-dong in Seoul, Korea. While both areas cater to the Korean Chinese ethnic group and Chinese immigrants, their formation histories differ significantly. Daerim-dong emerged due to the relocation of Korean Chinese residents following the New Town Development plan in Garibong-dong, whereas Jayang-dong was established through voluntary migration to create a new sense of place. Presently, these districts serve as prominent Chinese commercial hubs, offering distinct cultural experiences such as Chinatown in Daerim-dong and Lamb skewer street in Jayang-dong, which have reshaped urban landscapes significantly. This research aims to compare and contrast Daerim-dong and Jayang-dong, focusing on Chinese commercial areas and consumer demographics. Employing qualitative and quantitative research methods, the analysis will elucidate the spatial utilization characteristics of these concentrated Chinese regions. Visual documentation will be provided to illustrate the contrasting urban environments of the two areas.

During the final stages of community-based regeneration, this study explores the attitudes and conditions of the community regarding their level of involvement in the project. This study focused on a small-scale regeneration project in Pohang, emphasizing community participation, and the community's activities were analyzed. The investigation revealed that disunity within the local community, stemming from residential areas and social strata, significantly influenced both the direction and implementation of the project. The uneven distribution of involvement among residents not only fostered isolation and discord but also led to imbalanced facility placements. The challenges arising from community division and discord were prevalent in current policy directions, which prioritized indicators of decline over community attributes when selecting target areas. It is imperative to develop community regeneration policies that prioritize the inherent characteristics of communities, rather than relying solely on formal and physical factors that may not guarantee community cohesion.

This research aims to develop design guidelines for expanding the supply of urban smart farms, with a focus on facility layout based on building use. The approach for guideline development was established through prior examination of related literature, overseas guidelines, and case studies. The study underscores the potential for smart farms, which have demonstrated economic and productive viability in agricultural areas, to be implemented in urban settings through various physical means. To integrate smart farms seamlessly into urban environments, numerous factors must be taken into account. Among these, smart farm facility planning techniques were deemed fundamental. Through case studies involving the integration of buildings and smart farms, particularly greenhouses, installation methods in existing buildings or new constructions were simulated and proposed. Building upon this, the design guideline framework categorizes the urban environment into residential, commercial, educational, and local community facilities. For each setting, guidelines propose the purpose of the installed greenhouse, design characteristics, recommendations, and considerations tailored to specific conditions.

This study aims to identify policy-level core contents and values in Smart City (SC) Plans published between 2009 and 2023, serving as required official comprehensive SC masterplans. The study sample included 42 masterplans, encompassing all SC comprehensive masterplans published since the national SC policy was first institutionalized. The sample underwent analysis to identify actual policy contents stated in the SC masterplans and to synthesize policy contents. Three content analysis methods were utilized: Word Frequency analysis, Semantic Network analysis, and Term Frequency - Inverse Document Frequency weight analysis. Additionally, by defining the U-City policy as the first period and the SC policy as the second period, significant changes between the periods were identified. Policy concepts and usages of SC services expanded, with a focus on user-oriented policy developments. It was concluded that SC policies in South Korea have been advancing and evolving in terms of policy contents and display consistent developments within institutionalized planning frameworks.

Persistent condensation in residential spaces can lead to structural damage and mold growth, posing health risks to occupants. While existing studies focus on reducing condensation, there's a gap in research on condensation prediction. This study aims to explore the feasibility of a virtual sensor for condensation prediction using machine learning and data from prior studies. A high-accuracy virtual sensor model was developed and verified using condensation measurement data. Data preprocessing and Pearson correlation analysis were conducted, and input variables were selected through ReliefF evaluation. Indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity were chosen as final input variables. A prediction model was crafted using classification learning algorithms: Decision Tree(DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). Validation of the prediction model was performed using Confusion matrix, Accuracy, and F-1 score. The accuracy of the virtual sensor model was 97.1% for Decision Tree, 98.5% for SVM, and 98.6% for MLP. The developed model is expected to effectively prevent condensation in residential spaces susceptible to surface condensation. Future work will focus on integrating virtual sensors into existing ventilation and air conditioning systems for practical application in residential spaces.

This study examines the potential use of coal gasification slag (CGS) as a fine aggregate in concrete mixtures, considering different combinations of cement types and mix designs. Test results revealed that concrete flowability increases with changes in cement composition and CGS replacement ratio, while reducing air content necessitates higher doses of air-entraining agent. The initial compressive strength of concrete is notably high with cement, with greater long-term strength observed in combinations involving binary or ternary blended mineral admixtures. However, a slight decrease of 1-5% in compressive strength is noted with an increased CGS replacement ratio. Durability fluctuations, mostly minor, vary with cement type, generally showing positive results associated with the CGS replacement ratio. Nonetheless, reduced frost resistance is observed only in the TBC+CGS 50% mixture, suggesting air content's predominant influence over CGS's impact on frost resistance. Overall, CGS use as a fine aggregate of up to 50% poses no adverse effects on concrete's comprehensive physical properties and durability. However, additional research is necessary to devise methods for maintaining optimal air content in CGS materials.

In the construction industry, there is a gradual increase in the application of computer vision for field management and safety analysis of workers. Computer vision is employed for tasks like monitoring the use of safety helmets, verifying the fastening of safety rings, and automatically recognizing the behavior of heavy equipment. However, research specifically addressing the postures leading to musculoskeletal disorders is relatively limited. The construction site, being labor-intensive and involving various professionals and equipment in each process, requires continuous management and monitoring to minimize musculoskeletal diseases among workers and ensure their safety. Managing such a large construction site with diverse tasks for each process poses challenges for effective oversight. In this study, risk postures were defined based on REBA, and key joint points were identified using Posenet. Using this data, a model was developed to classify workers' postures using Teachable Machine, demonstrating high accuracy in recognizing different risk postures

Outdoor advertisements, as non-structural components of construction, face annual damage from recurring typhoons. Therefore, it is essential to formulate efficient safety check items for use during the maintenance stage. This study derived safety inspection criteria specifically for protruding advertisements among outdoor displays. The process involved considering previous research, analyzing issues in outdoor advertisement management, and reviewing systems related to the safety management of advertisements domestically and abroad. Through a second Focused Group Interview with experts in structural engineering and safety inspection, 20 safety check items, including wall crack conditions, anchor shaking, anchor nut loosening, and connecting bolt shaking conditions, were identified. The safety check items and their weights obtained in this study serve as fundamental data for outdoor advertisement safety inspectors and public managers. These can aid in developing checklists, manuals, and quantitative evaluation indicators for the maintenance of outdoor advertisements.

When buildings deteriorate, they may develop defects like surface cracks and structural subsidence. If left unaddressed, these issues can significantly weaken the structure, potentially leading to collapse accidents. Detecting cracks promptly is crucial to prevent such outcomes. With the advancements in artificial intelligence, researchers are exploring deep learning techniques to identify microscopic cracks, replacing traditional manual methods. As AI technology progresses, diverse AI models have emerged, enhancing the reliability of crack detection data for field inspections. This study focuses on leveraging the Yolo model, known for its superior performance and faster data acquisition compared to other AI models. By incorporating object detection methods used by CNN, the study aims to enhance the detection performance of the model by considering various variables across different AI models and detection techniques.

This study aims to propose enhancements to current education and training methods aimed at nurturing and ensuring excellent domestic construction managers. The effectiveness and necessity of improving existing education and training practices were assessed among male and female construction managers at the technical level employed by CM companies. The findings indicated that domestic construction managers expressed a need for future enhancements to the current education and training framework. To improve educational content, it is essential to elevate the educational standards by providing ample practical knowledge aligned with faculty expertise and incorporate the latest educational materials suited to the educational objectives. Ensuring effective delivery of lecture content and maintaining high engagement levels requires appropriate time allocation during training sessions. Regarding online education improvements, prioritizing the development of exceptional educational content directly impacting educational outcomes is paramount. Additionally, extending the review period for subjects allows for remediation of educational performance through review sessions. To foster an efficient educational environment, expanding educational facilities to accommodate increased participation of local trainees is essential. This study focused solely on construction managers among construction engineers, acknowledging limitations in proposing specific improvement measures. Hence, future research endeavors should include further investigations within construction companies to propose practical and specific institutional and policy enhancements.

This study aims to investigate the supply and demand status and structure of construction engineers within the construction industry, identifying factors influencing supply and demand and proposing policy improvements to address future imbalances. Findings indicated that the aging trend among construction engineers will persist, compounded by a decline in the school-age population, potentially leading to a shortage of young construction engineers. The importance analysis highlighted the significant impact of factors such as construction investment, productivity, order environment, and job prospects on supply and demand. Recommendations include increasing construction investment, establishing appropriate input standards for construction engineers, implementing a wage payment confirmation system, introducing innovative welfare measures, and improving the industry's image as a high-value-added one.