• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.19-30
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• 2019

This study summarizes domestic and foreign previous works on fluvial terrace with absolute ages to discuss formative process of climatic terrace in Korea. Different from traditional climatic terrace model, approximately three quarters from foreign works have argued that formation of climatic terrace can be attributed to medium- and short-term climatic change or other environmental factors, rather than long-term climatic change of glacial and interglacial cycles. Based on previous works on fluvial terrace in Korea, it can be suggested that fluvial terrace in Korea formed not due to long-term climatic change of 100,000-year cycles related to glacial and interglacial cycles, but due to medium- and short-term climatic change or climatic event of tens of thousands of years related to intensity change in summer monsoon, one of the important factors affecting precipitation in Korea.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1319-1322
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• 2003

According to the evolutive theory of saline, combined with field survey data, the authors have discussed the theoretical model of recording past climatic change of Luobupo saline. After interpreted and analyzed the causes of the ringy image, the authors have mapped high resolution climatic changing graph of Luobupo saline during past 2000 years by using remote sensing method. Contrast to the known results, it is proved that the research results have comparability and continuity. The resolution of special climatic event can reach in one year, and in general, the resolution of climatic change can reach in ten to twenty years.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.117-129
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• 2005

The climatic change convention is a matter of grave concern to the whole world. As a countermeasure against the climatic change convention, the Korean Government permits the sale of diesel passenger cars since 2005. In this paper, we analyse the effect of the sales permission of diesel passenger car as the countermeasure. The share, carbon emission, and pollutants emission of each type of passenger cars are analysed using system dynamics. The result is that the carbon emission is decreased by $5.5\%$ but the pollutants emission is increased by $5\%$. If the pollutants emission was dealt successfully with, the sales permission of diesel passenger cars would be a good countermeasure against the climatic change convention.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.105-117
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• 2023

Climate change and invasive alien plant species (IAPs) are having a significant impact on mountain ecosystems. The combination of climate change and socio-economic development is exacerbating the invasion of IAPs, which are a major threat to biodiversity loss and ecosystem functioning. Species distribution modelling has become an important tool in predicting the invasion or suitability probability under climate change based on occurrence data and environmental variables. MaxEnt modelling was applied to predict the current suitable distribution of most noxious weed A. adenophora (Spreng) R. King and H. Robinson and analysed the changes in distribution with the use of current (year 2000) environmental variables and future (year 2050) climatic scenarios consisting of 3 representative concentration pathways (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) in Bhutan. Species occurrence data was collected from the region of interest along the road side using GPS handset. The model performance of both current and future climatic scenario was moderate in performance with mean temperature of wettest quarter being the most important variable that contributed in model fit. The study shows that current climatic condition favours the A. adenophora for its invasion and RCP 2.6 climatic scenario would promote aggression of invasion as compared to RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 climatic scenarios. This can lead to characterization of the species as preferring moderate change in climatic conditions to be invasive, while extreme conditions can inhibit its invasiveness. This study can serve as reference point for the conservation and management strategies in control of this species and further research.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

Environmental changes caused by the abrupt climatic change are one of the important issues in the scientific community. In the East Sea, abrupt climatic shift, called Younger Dryas, is identified. The age of the Younger Dryas cold episode occurred at 11.2 ka. Overall, changes in circulation and bottom water conditions occurred during the Younger Dryas cold episode in the study area. Especially, climatic transition from meltwater spike to the Younger Dryas cold episode is characterized by significant shifts of oxygen isotope values, the coiling ratios of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, and the planktonic foraminifers abundances. The impact of abrupt climate change on the ecosystem is very significant. In the East Sea, the calcium carbonate secreting organism(foraminifers) is replaced by silicon dioxide secreting organisms(diatom, radiolarian) after the abrupt and severe cold climatic event. Based on the Doctrine of Uniformitarianism, at least climate change for the next 100 years would be severely influence on the marine ecosystem.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2010

In order to secure safety for the buckling and fracture of continuous welded rail and improve the efficiency of maintenance work, it is very important that grasp the characteristics of rail temperature. Recently, the maximum air temperature in summer season rises gradually and the minimum air temperature in winter season is decreasing gradually due to the climate change. Therefore, these phenomenon influences in the change amount of yearly rail temperature and can cause change of laying and maintenance temperature. In this study, actual measurement of rail temperature including climatic factors is carried out by constructing the temperature and climate measurement system as realistic as possible. Through the intensive investigation of actual data, it is founded that the existing prediction formulas for rail temperature may be used only in certain climatic conditions (certain combination of climatic factors). It may be more reasonable that the rail temperature considering actual climatic factors in site is predicted on probabilistic approach.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.159-170
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• 2013

The effect of climate change on urban woody plants remains difficult to predict in urban areas. Depending on its tolerances, a plant species may stay and survive or stay with slowly declining remnant populations under a changing climate. To predict those vulnerabilities on urban woody plants, this study suggests a basic bioclimatic envelop model of heat requirements, cold tolerance, chilling requirements and moisture requirements that are well documented as the 'climatic niche'. Each component of the 'climatic niche' is measured by the warmth index, the absolute minimum temperature, the number of chilling weeks and the water balance. Regarding the utility of the developed model, the selected urban plant's present probabilities are suggested in the future climate of Seoul. Both Korea and Japan's thermal thresholds are considered for a plant's optimal climatic niche. By considering the thermal thresholds of these two regions for the same species, the different responses observed will reflect the plant's 'hardening' process in a rising climate. The model illustrated that the subpolar plants Taxus cuspidata and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica are predicted to have low suitability in Seoul. The temperate plants Zelkova serrata and Pinus densiflora, which have a broad climatic niche, exhibited the highest present probability in the future. The subtropical plants Camellia japonica and Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii may exhibit a modest growth pattern in the late 21C's future climatic period when an appropriate frost management scheme is offered. The model can be used to hypothesize how urban ecosystems could change over time. Moreover, the developed model can be used to establish selection guidelines for urban plants with high levels of climatic adaptability.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1997

The climatic characteristics of Korea are analized with the data observed from 1972 to 1995 in 66 stations, using the climatic year method expressed by the $K{\ddot{o}}ppen's$ system of climatic classification. The climate of Korea is composed of the six climatic year types : Cfa, Cwa, Cwb, Dfa, Dwa and Dwb type. The Cwa and Dwa type occupy 95% occurrence frequency. The Cwa climatic year type predominates in the greater part of the Southern Area, the east slopes of the Taebaek Range and Cheju-do, the Dwa type does in Yongso Area and the northeastern part of Kyonggi Province. and the Cfa type does in Ullung-do. Such dominant climatic year regions become the stable climatic regions, while the regions where the various climatic types appear become the unstable climatic regions which are distributed in the northern part of the Southern Area and in the southern part of the Central Area owing to the shifts of the border between C type and D type. The border between C and D type is located in the Central Inland Area in the first half of the 1990's which the Cwa type predominates most. On the other hand the border is located in the middle part of the Southern Area in the first half of the 1980's which the Dwa type prevails most. Therefore the extents of the climatic year regions vary each year. In the interannual change of the main climatic year types, the Cwa type shows the increasing trend, while the Cfa and Dwa type reflets the decreasing tendency. The extending trend of the Cwa climatic year region appears during the period of the first half of the 1970's and the period between the latter half of the 1980's and the first half of the 1990's centering around the Southern Area. The Dwa climatic year region which was predominant in the Central Area in the first half of the 1980's has been reduced up till the recent years.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2014

In the past, Korea agro-climatic zone except Jeju-do was classified into nineteen based on rice culture by using air temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration etc. during rice growing periods. It has been used for selecting safety zone of rice cultivation and countermeasures to meteorological disasters. In this study, the climatic variables such as air temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration of twenty agro-climatic zones including Jeju-do were compared decennially (1970's, 1980's, 1990's, and 2000's). The meteorological data were obtained in Meteorological Information Portal Service System-Disaster Prevention, Korea Meteorological Administration. The temperature of 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s were $12.0{\pm}0.14^{\circ}C$, $11.9{\pm}0.13^{\circ}C$, $12.2{\pm}0.14^{\circ}C$, and $12.6{\pm}0.13^{\circ}C$, respectively. The precipitation of 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s were $1,270.3{\pm}20.05mm$, $1,343.0{\pm}26.01mm$, $1,350.6{\pm}27.13mm$, and $1,416.8{\pm}24.87mm$, respectively. And the sunshine duration of 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s were $421.7{\pm}18.37hours$, $2,352.4{\pm}15.01hours$, $2,196.3{\pm}12.32hours$, and $2,146.8{\pm}15.37hours$, respectively. The temperature in Middle-Inland zone ($+1.2^{\circ}C$) and Eastern-Southern zone ($+1.1^{\circ}C$) remarkably increased. The temperature increased most in Taebak highly Cold zone ($+364mm$) and Taebak moderately Cold Zone ($+326mm$). The sunshine duration decreased most in Middle-Inland Zone (-995 hours). The temperature (F=2.708, df=3, p= 0.046) and precipitation (F=5.037, df=3, p=0.002) increased significantly among seasons while the sunshine duration decreased significantly(F=26.181, df=3, p<0.0001) among seasons. In further study, it will need to reclassify agro-climatic zone of rice and it will need to conduct studies on safe cropping season, growth and developing of rice, and cultivation management system etc. based on reclassified agro-climatic zone.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.229-237
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• 2019

This study was conducted to estimate annual reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) for the agro-climatic zones for rice paddy fields in South Korea between 1980 and 2015. The daily ET₀ was estimated by applying the Penman-Monteith method to meteorological data from 61 weather stations provided by Korean Meteorological Administration (KMA). The average of annual ET₀ from 1980 to 2015 was 1334.1±33.89 mm. The ET₀ was the highest at the Southern Coastal Zone due to their higher air temperature and lower relative humidity. The ET₀ had significantly increased with 2.81 mm/yr for the whole zones over 36 years. However, the change rate of it was different among agro-climatic zones. The annual ET₀ highly increased in central zones and eastern coastal zones. In terms of correlation coefficient, the temporal change of the annual ET₀ was closely related to variations of four meteorological factors (i.e., mean, minimum temperatures, sunshine duration, and relative humidity). The results demonstrated that whole Korean agro-climatic zones have been undergoing a significant change in the annual ET₀ for the last 36 years. Understanding the spatial pattern and the long-term variation of the annual ET₀ associated with global warming would be useful to improve crop and water resource managements at each agro-climatic zone of South Korea.