• 제목/요약/키워드: j-invariant

검색결과 146건 처리시간 0.04초

FOLIATIONS FROM LEFT ORDERS

  • Baik, Hyungryul;Hensel, Sebastian;Wu, Chenxi
    • 대한수학회지
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    • 제59권4호
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    • pp.699-715
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    • 2022
  • We describe a construction which takes as an input a left order of the fundamental group of a manifold, and outputs a (singular) foliation of this manifold which is analogous to a taut foliation. We investigate this construction in detail in dimension 2, and exhibit connections to various problems in dimension 3.

A NOTE ON SOBOLEV TYPE TRACE INEQUALITIES FOR s-HARMONIC EXTENSIONS

  • Yongrui Tang;Shujuan Zhou
    • 대한수학회지
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    • 제61권2호
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    • pp.341-356
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    • 2024
  • In this paper, apply the regularities of the fractional Poisson kernels, we establish the Sobolev type trace inequalities of homogeneous Besov spaces, which are invariant under the conformal transforms. Also, by the aid of the Carleson measure characterizations of Q type spaces, the local version of Sobolev trace inequalities are obtained.

FRACTAL DIMENSIONS OF INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM: I. THE MOLECULAR CLOUDS IN THE ANTIGALACTIC CENTER

  • LEE YOUNGUNG
    • 천문학회지
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    • 제37권4호
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    • pp.137-141
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    • 2004
  • We have estimated the fractal dimension of the molecular clouds in the Antigalactic Center based on the $^{12}CO$ (J = 1- 0) and $^{13}CO$ (J = 1- 0) database obtained using the 14m telescope at Taeduk Radio Astronomy Observatory. Using a developed code within IRAF, we were able to identify slice-clouds, and determined the dispersions of two spatial coordinates as well as perimeters and areas. The fractal dimension of the target region was estimated to be D = 1.34 for low resolution $^{12}CO$ (J = 1 - 0) database, and D = 1.4 for higher resolution $^{12}CO$ (J = 1 - 0) and $^{13}CO$ (J = 1 - 0) database, where $P {\propto} A^{D/2}$. The sampling rate (spatial resolution) of observed data must be an important parameter when estimating fractal dimension. Our database with higher resolution of 1 arcminute, which is corresponding to 0.2 pc at a distance of 1.1 kpc, gives us the same estimate of fractal dimension to that of local dark clouds. Fractal dimension is apparently invariant when varying the threshold temperatures applied to cloud identification. According to the dispersion pattern of longitudes and latitudes of identified slice-clouds, there is no preference of elongation direction.

수중에서의 도파관 불변성을 이용한 가상 음원 배열 기반의 다양한 거리 방향으로의 강인한 집속 (Robust variable range focusing with a virtual source array using the waveguide invariant in underwater)

  • 변기훈;김재수
    • 한국음향학회지
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    • 제36권1호
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    • pp.23-29
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    • 2017
  • 가상 음원 배열 개념은 시역전 처리에 시지연 빔조향 기법을 적용함으로써 가상 음원 배열로부터 나아가는 방향에 해당하는 선택된 위치에 음원 없이도 음파의 시 공간적 집속을 수행하는 방법이다. 하지만 가상 음원 배열 개념을 이용한 시역전 처리 방법은 가상 음원 배열에 해당하는 임계각 및 근거리를 벗어나는 범위로의 음파 집속이 불가능하다는 제약 조건이 따른다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 제약 조건을 해결하기 위해, 도파관 불변성 이론을 가상 음원 배열 개념에 적용하여 집속 음장의 수평 방향으로의 이동을 통해 임계각 및 근거리를 벗어나는 구간으로의 음파 집속 방법에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 수치 실험의 결과를 통해 본 연구의 타당성을 검증하였으며, 기존의 가상 음원 배열 개념의 제약 조건에 관계없이 선택된 위치에서의 강인한 음파 집속 성능의 결과를 보였다.

The effect of intracellular trafficking of CD1d on the formation of TCR repertoire of NKT cells

  • Shin, Jung Hoon;Park, Se-Ho
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제47권5호
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    • pp.241-248
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    • 2014
  • CD1 molecules belong to non-polymorphic MHC class I-like proteins and present lipid antigens to T cells. Five different CD1 genes (CD1a-e) have been identified and classified into two groups. Group 1 include CD1a-c and present pathogenic lipid antigens to ${\alpha}{\beta}$ T cells reminiscence of peptide antigen presentation by MHC-I molecules. CD1d is the only member of Group 2 and presents foreign and self lipid antigens to a specialized subset of ${\alpha}{\beta}$ T cells, NKT cells. NKT cells are involved in diverse immune responses through prompt and massive production of cytokines. CD1d-dependent NKT cells are categorized upon the usage of their T cell receptors. A major subtype of NKT cells (type I) is invariant NKT cells which utilize invariant $V{\alpha}14-J{\alpha}18$ TCR alpha chain in mouse. The remaining NKT cells (type II) utilize diverse TCR alpha chains. Engineered CD1d molecules with modified intracellular trafficking produce either type I or type II NKT cell-defects suggesting the lipid antigens for each subtypes of NKT cells are processed/generated in different intracellular compartments. Since the usage of TCR by a T cell is the result of antigen-driven selection, the intracellular metabolic pathways of lipid antigen are a key in forming the functional NKT cell repertoire.

Two More Radicals for Right Near-Rings: The Right Jacobson Radicals of Type-1 and 2

  • Rao, Ravi Srinivasa;Prasad, K. Siva
    • Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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    • 제46권4호
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    • pp.603-613
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    • 2006
  • Near-rings considered are right near-rings and R is a near-ring. $J_0^r(R)$, the right Jacobson radical of R of type-0, was introduced and studied by the present authors. In this paper $J_1^r(R)$ and $J_2^r(R)$, the right Jacobson radicals of R of type-1 and type-2 are introduced. It is proved that both $J_1^r$ and $J_2^r$ are radicals for near-rings and $J_0^r(R){\subseteq}J_1^r(R){\subseteq}J_2^r(R)$. Unlike the left Jacobson radical classes, the right Jacobson radical class of type-2 contains $M_0(G)$ for many of the finite groups G. Depending on the structure of G, $M_0(G)$ belongs to different right Jacobson radical classes of near-rings. Also unlike left Jacobson-type radicals, the constant part of R is contained in every right 1-modular (2-modular) right ideal of R. For any family of near-rings $R_i$, $i{\in}I$, $J_{\nu}^r({\oplus}_{i{\in}I}R_i)={\oplus}_{i{\in}I}J_{\nu}^r(R_i)$, ${\nu}{\in}\{1,2\}$. Moreover, under certain conditions, for an invariant subnear-ring S of a d.g. near-ring R it is shown that $J_2^r(S)=S{\cap}J_2^r(R)$.

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Automatic Colorectal Polyp Detection in Colonoscopy Video Frames

  • Geetha, K;Rajan, C
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제17권11호
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    • pp.4869-4873
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    • 2016
  • Colonoscopy is currently the best technique available for the detection of colon cancer or colorectal polyps or other precursor lesions. Computer aided detection (CAD) is based on very complex pattern recognition. Local binary patterns (LBPs) are strong illumination invariant texture primitives. Histograms of binary patterns computed across regions are used to describe textures. Every pixel is contrasted relative to gray levels of neighbourhood pixels. In this study, colorectal polyp detection was performed with colonoscopy video frames, with classification via J48 and Fuzzy. Features such as color, discrete cosine transform (DCT) and LBP were used in confirming the superiority of the proposed method in colorectal polyp detection. The performance was better than with other current methods.

LIE IDEALS IN THE UPPER TRIANGULAR OPERATOR ALGEBRA ALG𝓛

  • LEE, SANG KI;KANG, JOO HO
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • 제36권3_4호
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    • pp.237-244
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    • 2018
  • Let ${\mathcal{H}}$ be an infinite dimensional separable Hilbert space with a fixed orthonormal base $\{e_1,e_2,{\cdots}\}$. Let L be the subspace lattice generated by the subspaces $\{[e_1],[e_1,e_2],[e_1,e_2,e_3],{\cdots}\}$ and let $Alg{\mathcal{L}}$ be the algebra of bounded operators which leave invariant all projections in ${\mathcal{L}}$. Let p and q be natural numbers (p < q). Let ${\mathcal{A}}$ be a linear manifold in $Alg{\mathcal{L}}$ such that $T_{(p,q)}=0$ for all T in ${\mathcal{A}}$. If ${\mathcal{A}}$ is a Lie ideal, then $T_{(p,p)}=T_{(p+1,p+1)}={\cdots}=T_{(q,q)}$ and $T_{(i,j)}=0$, $p{\eqslantless}i{\eqslantless}q$ and i < $j{\eqslantless}q$ for all T in ${\mathcal{A}}$.

IDEALS IN THE UPPER TRIANGULAR OPERATOR ALGEBRA ALG𝓛

  • Lee, Sang Ki;Kang, Joo Ho
    • 호남수학학술지
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    • 제39권1호
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    • pp.93-100
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    • 2017
  • Let $\mathcal{H}$ be an infinite dimensional separable Hilbert space with a fixed orthonormal base $\{e_1,e_2,{\cdots}\}$. Let $\mathcal{L}$ be the subspace lattice generated by the subspaces $\{[e_1],[e_1,e_2],[e_1,e_2,e_3],{\cdots}\}$ and let $Alg{\mathcal{L}}$ be the algebra of bounded operators which leave invariant all projections in $\mathcal{L}$. Let p and q be natural numbers($p{\leqslant}q$). Let $\mathcal{B}_{p,q}=\{T{\in}Alg\mathcal{L}{\mid}T_{(p,q)}=0\}$. Let $\mathcal{A}$ be a linear manifold in $Alg{\mathcal{L}}$ such that $\{0\}{\varsubsetneq}{\mathcal{A}}{\subset}{\mathcal{B}}_{p,q}$. If $\mathcal{A}$ is an ideal in $Alg{\mathcal{L}}$, then $T_{(i,j)}=0$, $p{\leqslant}i{\leqslant}q$ and $i{\leqslant}j{\leqslant}q$ for all T in $\mathcal{A}$.

복합재의 파괴와 hygrothermal 효과에 관한 연구 (Fracture and Hygrothermal Effects in Composite Materials)

  • Kook-Chan Ahn;Nam-Kyung Kim
    • 한국안전학회지
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.143-150
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    • 1996
  • 본 연구는 선형, 비선형 hygrothermal 응력 문제를 위한 explicit-Implicit 유한요소 해석 모델 개발에 관한 것이다. 부가적으로 moilsture 확산 방정식, J-적분 평가를 위한 균열 요소 및 가상 균열 진전법이 도입된다. 시간 변화에 따른 균열 추진력을 계산하기 위하여 선형 탄성 파괴 역학(LEFM)이론이 고려되며 재료의 기공은 실온에서 액체 상태의 습기로 포화되어 있으며 온도가 상승함에 따라 증기화된다는 가정하에서 균열 추진력과 증기 효과의 관계가 연구된다. 이상 기체방정식은 각 시간 단계에서 증기에 의한 열역학적 압력을 계산하기 위하여 이용된다. 다공질 재료의 시간 종속 응답을 지배하는 방정식들은 혼합이론에 기초하며 다공질 재료의 유체 흐름을 위한 Darcy의 법칙과 Von-Mises 항복 기준을 포함하고 있는 Perzyna의 점소성 모델이 첨가된다. 또한 Green-Naghdi 응력률이 중첩된 강체 운동하에서 응력 텐서 invariant로 사용되며, 모델링을 위하여 사각요소가 이용되고 비선형 지배 방정식을 풀기 위하여 full Newton-Raphson법에 의한 반복법이 사용된다. 본 연구를 통하여 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 본 유한요소 프로그램은 복합재의 hygrothermal 파괴 해석에 매우 유용하게 적용될 수 있다. 2) 습기의 온도에 의한 영향을 가지는 재료의 J-적분을 정확히 예측하기 위하여는 증기 효과를 고려하여야 한다. 왜냐하면 초기단계에 균열 전파력이 가속되기 때문이다. 3) 본 해석을 위해 Uncoupled scheme에 의한 결과도 Coupled scheme에 결과에 비해 아주 타당하므로 CPU 측면에서 매우 경제적인 Uncoupled scheme이 추천된다.

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