• Land and Housing Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2023

Using youth panel data, this study attempted to diagnose the effect of residential characteristics (housing type and housing type) and various household background variables on the implementation of youth NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training), and to suggest appropriate policy directions. As a result of the analysis, it was found that young individuals residing in unfavorable living conditions such as those who rent on a monthly basis or live in multi-household, villa, or officetel settings, had a higher likelihood of transitioning to NEET. Those who received financial support from their parents were more likely to transition to NEET. Therefore, comprehensive youth NEET support policies such as customized housing and job policies according to the characteristics of NEET should be established. In particular, even though they have reached adulthood, it is shown that the likelihood of becoming NEET is very high for youth who live together with their parents without being economically independent or who receive financial assistance from their parents. In order to mitigate and prevent these young people from NEET transition, transitioning from school to the labor market should be facilitated with policy support.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.491-505
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• 1992

The purpose of this research was to understand the structure of the lived experience of parents of a child terminally ill with cancer The research question was “What is the structure of the experience of parents of a child terminally ill with cancer\ulcorner” The sample consisted of 17 parents of children admitted to the cancer units of two university hospitals in Seoul. The unstructured interviews were carried out from October 10, 1991 through January 10, 1992. They were audio-recorded and analysed using Van Kaam's method. Parents ascribed the cause of the cancer to the mother's emotional imbalance during pregnancy, the mother's stress, failure to observe religious rites, food, the parent's sin, misfortune and pollution. The theme clusters were tension, fear and depression experienced during pregnancy, stress that children suffer from abusive parents, failure to observe religious activites, bad luck, and sins committed during a previous life. When the child suffered a recurrence of cancer, the parents experienced negative emotions, nervousness, sorrow. depression and death. The theme clusters were feelings of despair, helplessness, regret, guilt, insecurity, emptyness and apathy. The long struggle with cancer resulted in the loss of economic security, loss of psychological and physical well being, and social withdrawal. The theme clusters were the economic burden of medical cost, giving up treatment, debt, limited medical insurance coverage and blood transfusion. The loss of psychological well being included stress, lack of support systems, inability to carry out responsibilities, lack of trust of the medical ten family breakdown, inappropriate expression of emotion and not disclosing the diagnosis to the child. Physically the parents suffered fatigue, insomnia, loss of appetite, loss of weight, dizzness, headache, psychosomatic symptoms, and increased consumption of liquor and cigarettes. Social withdrawal was manifested by taking time off from work to look after the child, decrease of outside social activities and feelings of isolation. Influences on family life were spousal conflicts, negative response of siblings, separation of the family members and economic hardship. The theme clusters were blaming a spouse for the cause of the illness and disagreements, maladjustment, lonliness, hostility and depression of siblings. The high price of medical care over the long period was a major factor influencing the life of the family. Positive experiences during the child's long illness were the strengthening of support systems and religious beliefs and financial help from social organizations. The support of one's spouse primarily helped to overcome the stress of the long illness. In addition, support was received from parents of other children with cancer and from nurses and religious leaders. The nurse, by providing empathetic support, should be a person with whom parents can express their feelings and share their experiences.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.39
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• pp.322-349
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• 1999

The purpose of the study is to investigate kinds of social support provided by various types of family members, relationships between types of family support and personal variables of the elderly and structural variables of the family network, and the relationships between family support and depression of the elderly. Here, family included a spouse, sons and daughters and their spouses, grandchildren, siblings and parents of an older person. Social support consisted of emotional, instrumental, financial help and social companionship. Two-hundred-eight older persons of age 60 years and over were interviewed. The main results of the study were as follows: an older person's spouse tended to provide more for emotional support, sons for financial help, daughters-in-law for instrumental support, and daughters for emotional and financial support. Some elderly were also provided for emotional support by parents and siblings. Possibility of daughters-in-laws and grandchildren as support providers was also verified. Various factors among personal and network-structural characteristics were significantly related to many types of social support provided by various types of family members. In general, while younger female elders, elders with good IADL ability or more frequent contacts with family members tended to have social support from more family members, support from daughters-in-law was provided to the elderly with less functional abilities. Various types of social support from a spouse were significantly related to depression level of the elderly. Their depression level was more related to whether or not sons and daughters-in-law exist rather than whether or not they provide social support. Practical methods to increase family support for the elderly were discussed.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1-20
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• 2008

This study investigates the influences of factors such as type and degree of family leisure among parents with five day work weeks on adolescents' perceived family strengths. Its findings are based on questionnaires collected from 525 male and female parents of middle school students. Factor analysis and MANOVA were employed for data analysis and $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ tests for post-hoc analysis. The main findings were as follows. First, adolescents whose parents work five days a week were at a higher level than other adolescents in terms of finances, family ties, communication, and social ties. Second, there were no significant differences concerning adolescents' family strength by type of family leisure. Third, adolescents with more family leisure activities scored higher than others in the areas of manageable strengths, financial levels, family ties, communication, and family social ties. Fourth, among families following the five day working system, adolescents who had more family leisure activities scored higher than the others in regards to manageable strengths, financial levels, family ties, communication, and family social ties. Additionally, where adolescents thought they had fewer family leisure activities, family-oriented adolescents tended to be engaged in higher physical-activity-oriented and hobby-oriented activities in relation to manageable strengths, financial level, family ties, and communication and hobby-oriented adolescents engaged in higher than average amounts of physical-activity, strengthening family social ties in the process. Fifth, concerning families not adhering to the five day working system, adolescents who had more family leisure activities scored higher than others in terms of manageable strengths, financial levels, family ties, communication, and family social ties. As the above results indicate, family leisure activities appear to be a key factor influencing family strength. Therefore, further support should be extended toward developing new forms of family leisure and additional studies should be devoted to the subject.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.25-43
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence middle-aged people's retirement planning and financial preparation for old age. The data was derived from "the National Survey of Families 2015". The samples included 1,462 people from 40 to 64 years of age. The findings from the analysis showed that the level of retirement planning was significantly associated with gender, age, education level, employment status, monthly family income, monthly expenditure on spending to support parents, and perceived household economic condition. When the samples were divided by sex, the results showed that the perceived household economic condition was the most significant factor for both men and women's level of retirement planning. Age and education level were the significant factors for women's level of retirement planning but not for men's. Logistic regression was used to analyze whether middle-aged people made financial preparation for old age. For the whole sample, whether or not a person was a regular employee, monthly family income, monthly expenditure on supporting parents, perceived household economic condition, and retirement planning were significant variables in determining financial preparation. For men, whether or not a person was a regular employee, monthly family income, perceived household economic condition, and retirement planning were significant factors, for women whether or not a person was a regular employee, and retirement planning were the significant factors in determining financial preparation. The results implied that retirement planning is needed for middle-aged people to prepare for old age financially while the financial preparation should differ depending on sex.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.43-59
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• 2010

This study examined how much support families with pre-school children receive for child care along with the types of support they receive. The paper also investigated the factors that influence the financial and social support received from government, employers and grandparents of the children. Data for this study were obtained from a questionnaire completed by mothers of pre-school children (n=641) during the spring of 2009. The data were analyzed by the following methods: $\chi^2$, t-test, ANOVA, Logit analysis, and Tobit analysis using SPSS and STATA software. The profile of support for child care showed that approximately 33 percent of families with pre-school children received free or subsidized child care from the government, 12 percent received some forms of support for child care from the parents' employers, and 26 percent received support from grandparents either financially or in the form of free child care. The results of the Logit analysis demonstrated that families with pre-school children were more likely to receive child care subsides from the government when they had a higher number of pre-school children and a lower level of family income. The significant factors that influence support from employers were mother's educational level, the number of pre-school children, and family income. The significant factors that affect support from grandparents of the children were the mother's age, the mother's employment status, the type of residence, and the family type.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.71-130
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• 2008

Using data from the Korean Labor & Income Panel Study (KLIPS), this study investigates private income transfers in Korea, where adult children have undertaken the most responsibility of supporting their elderly parents without well-established social safety net for the elderly. According to the KLIPS data, three out of five households provided some type of support for their aged parents and two out of five households of the elderly received financial support from their adult children on a regular base. However, the private income transfers in Korea are not enough to alleviate the impact of the fall in the earned income of those who retired and are approaching an age of needing financial assistance from external source. The monthly income of those at least the age of 75, even with the earning of their spouses, is below the staggering amount of 450,000 won, which indicates that the elderly in Korea are at high risk of poverty. In order to analyze microeconomic factors affecting the private income transfers to the elderly parents, the following three samples extracted from the KLIPS data are used: a sample of respondents of age 50 or older with detailed information on their financial status; a five-year household panel sample in which their unobserved family-specific and time-invariant characteristics can be controlled by the fixed-effects model; and a sample of the younger split-off household in which characteristics of both the elderly household and their adult children household can be controlled simultaneously. The results of estimating private income transfer models using these samples can be summarized as follows. First, the dominant motive lies on the children-to-parent altruistic relationship. Additionally, another is based on exchange motive, which is paid to the elderly parents who take care of their grandchildren. Second, the amount of private income transfers has negative correlation with the income of the elderly parents, while being positively correlated with the income of the adult children. However, its income elasticity is not that high. Third, the amount of private income transfers shows a pattern of reaching the highest level when the elderly parents are in the age of 75 years old, following a decreasing pattern thereafter. Fourth, public assistance, such as the National Basic Livelihood Security benefit, appears to crowd out private transfers. Private transfers have fared better than public transfers in alleviating elderly poverty, but the role of public transfers has been increasing rapidly since the welfare expansion after the financial crisis in the late 1990s, so that one of four elderly people depends on public transfers as their main income source in 2003. As of the same year, however, there existed and occupied 12% of the elderly households those who seemed eligible for the National Basic Livelihood benefit but did not receive any public assistance. To remove elderly poverty, government may need to improve welfare delivery system as well as to increase welfare budget for the poor. In the face of persistent elderly poverty and increasing demand for public support for the elderly, which will lead to increasing government debt, welfare policy needs targeting toward the neediest rather than expanding universal benefits that have less effect of income redistribution and heavier cost. Identifying every disadvantaged elderly in dire need for economic support and providing them with the basic livelihood security would be the most important and imminent responsibility that we all should assume to prepare for the growing aged population, and this also should accompany measures to utilize the elderly workforce with enough capability and strong will to work.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.21-31
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• 2015

This study explored determinants of family support that young renter households received to afford their housing costs. Microdata set of the 2014 Korea Housing Survey was used as secondary data for the study. Total 1,752,899 households headed by persons between 20 and 34 years of age and whose rental type was either Jeon-se or monthly rental with deposit in private rental units were selected as study subjects. For the data analysis, a series of discriminant analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS 21.0. Major findings were as follows. (1) Among the subjects, 28.2% were found to receive financial support from parents or other relatives. (2) To see the discriminant analysis results, a linear combination of seven household and housing characteristics (householder's gender, whether or not the householder worked in the previous week, whether or not the householders have a spouse, tenure type, structure type, location and deposit amount) could explain 44.6% of variance in young renter households' receipt of family support with a prediction accuracy of 77.2%. (3) To summarize the final discriminant model, Jeon-se renter households in location other than Incheon or Gyeonggi Province living in a unit in structure other than multifamily structure headed by younger householders that did not worked previous week or without spouse; with a greater deposit had the maximum tendency to receive family support to pay rental costs.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.388-398
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• 1973

The increase of female employees tends to change the traditional division of the roles of members in the family, and as a result it changes the idea of family relation and the extent of how housewives with job feel happy toward their marriage. Therefore, it may be very significant to study what attitude woman job holders as housewives have toward their family, especially parents-in-law. In this paper the writer has sampled as an exemplary group woman teachers who teach home economics in high schools in Seoul, and investigated what opinion they have toward the problem of living together under the same roof with their parents-in-laws and otherwise of financing them in an older age. This analysis is based upon 130 questionnaires collected as proper data out of 138. The conclusion made from the analysis is as follows : (1) as regards the living together under the same roof if necessary in the future, one-fifth of the group approves in affirmative terms ; (2) but when parents-in-law become older, about half of the teachers wish to live with them in the same home and except the indefinite few, one-third of them taken the negative position ; (3) finally, the great majority (84%) regard as their duty the financial support in any case when parents-in-law become older, and only five per cent answer in negative. This analysis leads to the further conclusion that the idea of family relations cherished by high school teachers of home economics is not yet far off the traditional relationship with the intention of gradual improvement, but on the other it still sticks to the traditional line without too much impairing it.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.31-47
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify determinants of economic aid regarding housing and cost of living for the newly-married households. This study applied the binary logit model to figure out the determinants of economic aid from their parents for the households. With utilizing the Newly-Married Housing Survey data in 2015, this study found that housing characteristics and level of housing expenditure leads to the economic aid from their parents. In particular, the housing price and transportation condition increase probability the financial aid from parents when the newly-married household starts their housing career. In addition, this study found that the items of housing expenditure increase the probability of economic aid for their cost of living. To improve the independence of newly-married household, the government should adopt the housing policy for stable housing price and alleviate the burden of housing expenditure. The significance of this study is analyzing the economic aid from their parents on newly-married household regarding housing economic issues and suggest the policy for independence of living from their parents.