• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2003

The objective of this study is to systematically understand the swiss graphic style and examine the design ideology of designers and the visual features, with the focus on the posters that played the largest role in the formation and settlement of the swiss graphic style. Although through other visual designs such as editorial design, from the outside beyond posters, the swiss graphic style has evolved to exert a large influence around the world, based on the posters that served as the main medium for expression by designers and that were used the most in instigating the public, this study aims to cast light on the swiss graphic style, which has become recognized as the textbook of the graphic design around the world since the mid 20th century. First, the study casts light on the meaning of the creation of the graphic style through the background and the formation process, aiming to examine the visual features of the swiss graphic style and how they are integrated through the posters of Swiss designers. The personal activities and efforts of individual designers contributed significantly to the formation and development of a certain design style; however this study intends to identify the other equally important elements: the underlying social and cultural influence, the legacy of previous design styles and ideologies, the collective enthusiasm of designers, and the active progress of experimental research.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.535-563
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• 2012

This study was conducted to confirm the necessity of analogical thinking and to empirically verify the effectiveness of analogical reasoning through the visual representation by analyzing the factors of problem solving depending on analogical conditions. Four conditions (a visual representation mapping condition, a conceptual mapping condition, a retrieval hint condition and no hint condition) were set up for the above purpose and 80 twelfth-grade students from C high-School in Cheong-Ju, Chung-Buk participated in the present study as subjects. They solved the same mathematical problem about sequence of complex numbers in their differed process requirements for analogical transfer. The problem solving rates for each condition were analyzed by Chi-square analysis using SPSS 12.0 program. The results of this study indicate that retrieval of base knowledge is restricted when participants do not use analogy intentionally in problem solving and the mapping of the base and target concepts through the visual representation would be closely related to successful analogical transfer. As the results of this study offer, analogical thinking is necessary while solving mathematical problems and it supports empirically the conclusion that recognition of the relational similarity between base and target concepts by the aid of visual representation is closely associated with successful problem solving.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.174-178
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• 2009

하천의 시간유량 혹은 일유량과 같은 연속유량을 획득하기 위해서는 각각 정해진 시각에 유량측정 시행해야한다. 그러나 매시각, 매일 유량측정을 시행하는 것은 경제적으로나 기술적으로 매우 어려운 일이다. 따라서 연속적인 유량자료를 획득하기 위해 수위-유량관계를 작성하고 이를 연속적으로 측정한 수위에 대입하여 유량으로 환산하다. 하상변동이 심하게 발생하지 않는 안정적인 하천에서는 수위-유량관계 또한 시간에 따라 변화하지 않고 안정적인 관계를 유지한다. 다만, 우리나라 대부분의 하천에서는 주요 홍수 전 후로 통제하도의 하상이 변화하기 때문에 일반적으로 2개 혹은 3개 기간으로 수위-유량관계를 분리하여 유량환산에 이용하고 있다. 통제하도가 모래하천인 경우에는 주요홍수 이외에도 지속적으로 세굴 혹은 퇴적이 발생하기 때문에 매 유량측정 마다 서로 다른 수위-유량관계를 나타낸다. 따라서 주요 홍수 전 후로 수위-유량관계를 기간 분리하여 작성한다고 해도 신뢰성 있는 유량자료를 확보하기 곤란하다. 이와같이 불안정한 하도 통제를 받는 지점에서는 매 유량측정시마다 수위-유량관계를 조정하여 유량을 환산하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 모래하천인 내성천의 향석 지점의 유량측정 성과를 이용하여 수위-유량관계를 개발하고, 매 유량측정시에 측정한 수위와 유량자를 이용하여 수위-유량관계 조정곡선을 작성하였다. 이를 이용하여 수위-유량관계를 조정하여 연속적인 유량환산을 시행하였다. 이 결과 기존 홍수 전 후로 기간 분리하여 작성한 수위-유량관계를 이용한 환산유량과 비교하여 신뢰성 있는 유량자료를 확보할 수 있었다.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.123-132
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• 2009

This study was designed to investigate the effect of the late fall fertilization applied with methyl urea(MU), compound chemical fertilizer(CF), humate(HM), and organic compost fertilizer(NS) on spring greenup of creeping bentgrass at following year. The plots were treated with various snow cover periods before transforming to ski slopes from golf holes during 2007 fall to 2008 spring. The highest visual quality and greenup rate were shown on MU or HM applications at 10 days before snow cover treatment. The CF treatment which had a highest phosphorus rate was most effective with a 13 cm of root length at the reconversion date to golf hole from ski slope of the following spring. However, the application of CF followed by immediate snow cover showed the worst results on visual quality and green color caused by a leaf burning damage from the residual effect of CF. At least 10 days were required to avoid phytotoxicant from undissolved granular of CF before snow cover practise. The application of NS showed the highest result on leaf dry weight at no snow cover plot in next spring, but not on green color and visual quality. Therefore, the proper interval period of snow cover after late fall fertilization should be an important management skill on the spring greenup of creeping bentgrass on following year transforming from ski slope to golf hole.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.591-606
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to develop the argumentation program to build scientific concepts on natural selection for science-gifted elementary students and to know how to implement this program. For this study, nine key concepts about natural selection such as the overproduction of offspring, limited resources, population stability, competition, variation, heredity of variation, differential survival, change of the population and speciation were selected through the literature study. The programs were developed by learning cycle instructional model. Argument writings and discourses have been collected, analyzed and compared before and after the program. Two questionnaires to compare pre and post concept change consist of multiple choice questionnaire and open-ended response question were developed and applied to 19 science-gifted elementary students. Sufficiency of the explanation and conceptual quality of the explanation were used to assess the quality of their arguments before and after the program. Discourse and visual models collected from the highest and lowest group about score improvement were compared. The scores of the gifted statistically improved significantly in multiple choice questionnaire. Students' alternative conceptions about natural selection at the beginning of the program decreased and changed scientifically after the program. Visual models drawn by the students supported the results as well. This study asserts that elementary science-gifted students are able to explain evolutionary perspectives about organism change and use the key concepts of natural selection. The study means that evolutionary perspective is possible to be reflected in elementary science curriculum for the gifted.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.3
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• pp.666-675
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• 2023

Purpose This study aimed to determine whether the attenuation coefficient (AC) from attenuation imaging (ATI) was correlated with visual US assessment in patients with hepatic steatosis. Moreover, it aimed to assess whether the patient's blood chemistry results and CT attenuation were correlated with AC. Materials and Methods Patients who underwent abdominal US with ATI between April 2018 and December 2018 were included in this study. Patients with chronic liver disease or cirrhosis were excluded. The correlation between AC and other parameters, such as visual US assessment, blood chemistry results, liver attenuation, and liver-to-spleen (L/S) ratio, were analyzed. AC values according to visual US assessment grades were compared using analysis of variance. Results A total of 161 patients were included in this study. The correlation coefficient between US assessment and AC was 0.814 (p < 0.001). The mean AC values for the normal, mild, moderate, and severe grades were 0.56, 0.66, 0.74, and 0.85, respectively (p < 0.001). Alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly correlated with AC (r = 0.317, p < 0.001). The correlation coefficients between liver attenuation and AC and between L/S ratio and AC were -0.702 and -0.626, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusion Visual US assessment and AC showed a strong positive correlation with the discriminative value between the groups. Computed tomography attenuation and AC showed a strong negative correlation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.30.3-31
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• 2009

"칠정산 외편"은 태양 태음 오성의 운행, 교식(交食), 태음오성능범(太陰五星凌犯) 등의 천문 현상을 추보하는 데 필요한 표(입성)[立成]와 계산법을 수록한 역법서이다. 최근에 우리는 칠정산 외편의 일식과 일출입 계산의 전 과정을 전산화하였다. 잘 알려진 바와 같이, 관측지의 위도와 관련된 두 입성-"주야시 궁도분 입성"(晝夜時宮度分立成), "경위시 가감차 입성"(經緯時加減差立成)-의 계산 기준점은 중국의 난징이다. 위도와 관련이 없는 다른 입성들 역시 회회력에 수록된 것과 동일하다. 그러나 외편법으로 구한 합삭과 식심 시각은 난징이 아닌 한양의 지방시 시각이다. 이 역설을 해결할 단서는 달의 평균 황경, 즉 태음 중심행도(太陰中心行度) 계산에 쓰이는 보정 상수에 있다. 이론적인 보정값, 즉 외편법의 입성 조성 원리에 부합하는 보정값($243^{\circ}58'$)과 "외편"에 기록된 실제 보정값($243^{\circ}44'$)의 차이는 한양과 난징의 시차(時差)에 따른 달의 황경 증가량과 대략 일치한다. 한양 기준의 합삭 시각을 구하려면 "외편"에 기록된 보정값($243^{\circ}44'$)을 적용하여야 한다. 반면에 이론적인 보정값($243^{\circ}58'$)을 적용하면 합삭 시각이 난징의 지방시로 계산된다. 이 발표에서는 "칠정산 외편"의 역원(曆元)의 차이에 따른 보정 상수 중에서 태음과 관련된 상수 네 개가 모두 일정한 규칙에 따라 한양의 경도에 맞게 조정되었음을 밝힐 것이다. 아울러 태음중심 행도 보정값과 관련된 선행 연구의 오류들을 모두 바로잡고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2024.05a
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• pp.760-763
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• 2024

실제 전투와 유사한 군사 훈련을 수행하기 위해서는 훈련 공간 확보, 악천후 극복, 실 사격 훈련, 민간인 통제 등 다양한 제약이 있다. 이러한 제약을 극복하기 위해 과학화 훈련이 도입되었으며, 현대전의 양상이 대규모 전투에서 소규모 교전으로 전환되면서 가상 훈련 시스템이 주목을 받고 있다. 가상 현실에서 적을 감지하기 위해 광선투사방식이 사용되지만, 이 방법은 인간의 시각 지각능력을 넘어서기 때문에 현실적인 훈련을 시뮬레이션 하는 데 한계가 있다. 본 논문은 가상 환경 내 가상자율군(Computer Generated Forces)이 현실적인 적 시뮬레이션을 달성하기 위하여 이미지 기반의 적 검출을 적용하여, 광선투사방식에 비해 인간 시각 지각에 더 가까운 결과를 얻었다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.15B no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 2008

It is important to retrieve effectively the visual media such as pictures and video in the internet, especially to the application areas such as electronic art museum, e-commerce, and internet shopping malls. It is also needed in these areas to have content-based or even semantic-based multimedia retrieval instead of simple keyword-based retrieval. In our earlier research, we proposed a semantic-based visual media retrieval framework for the effective retrieval of the visual media from the internet. It uses visual media metadata and ontology based on the web service to achieve the semantic-based retrieval. In this research, there are more than one visual media service providers and one central service broker. As a preliminary step to the visual media data retrieval, a method is proposed to retrieve the service providers effectively. The method uses the structure of the ontology tree to obtain the providers and their rankings. It also uses the size of sub nodes and child nodes in the tree. It measures the rankings of providers more effectively than previous method. The experimental results show the accuracy of the method while keeping compatible speed against the existing method.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.216-222
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• 2006

Vector field has been commonly used to visualize the data set which is invisible or is hard to explain. For instance, it could be used to visualize scientific data such as the direction and amount of wind and water field, transfer of heat through thermally conductive materials, and electromagnetic field. In this paper, we present a technique to enable intuitive recognition of the data though haptic feedback along with visual feedback. To add tactile information to graphical vector field, we model a haptic vector field and then apply it to the haptic map to guide a user to destination and haptic simulation of water field on 2D images whish can be used ill everyday life. These systems allow one to recognize vector information intuitively through haptic interface. We expect that the haptic rendering technique of vector field can be applied to various applications such as education, training, and entertainment.