• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.17-30
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• 2020

In the shipping industry, it is essential to engage in the preemptive prediction of freight rate volatility through market monitoring. Considering that freight rates have already started to fall, the loss of shipping companies will soon be uncontrollable. Therefore, in this study, factors affecting the freight rates of bulk carriers, which have relatively large freight rate volatility as compared to container freight rates, were quantified and analyzed. In doing so, we intended to contribute to future shipping market monitoring. We performed an analysis using a vector error correction model and estimated the influence of six independent variables on the charter rates of bulk carriers by Handy Size, Supramax, Panamax, and Cape Size. The six independent variables included the bulk carrier fleet volume, iron ore traffic volume, ribo interest rate, bunker oil price, and Euro-Dollar exchange rate. The dependent variables were handy size (32,000 DWT) spot charter rates, Supramax 6 T/C average charter rates, Pana Max (75,000 DWT) spot charter, and Cape Size (170,000 DWT) spot charter. The study examined charter rates by size of bulk carriers, which was different from studies on existing specific types of ships or fares in oil tankers and chemical carriers other than bulk carriers. Findings revealed that influencing factors differed for each ship size. The Libo interest rate had a significant effect on all four ship types, and the iron ore traffic volume had a significant effect on three ship types. The Ribo rate showed a negative (-) relationship with Handy Size, Supramax, Panamax, and Cape Size. Iron ore traffic influenced three types of linearity, except for Panamax. The size of shipping companies differed depending on their characteristics. These findings are expected to contribute to the establishment of a management strategy for shipping companies by analyzing the factors influencing changes in the freight rates of charterers, which have a profound effect on the management performance of shipping companies.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.79-109
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• 2011

In his highly cited book, Innovator's Dilemma (1997), Christensen introduced a notion of disruptive technology that is based on the observations from disk-drive industry and used it as an explanatory variable through which new entrants outperform incumbents in the industry. In explaining his later observations of disruptive innovations in other industries, however, his early theory based on disruptive technology has been applied to all cases without careful distinction between the notions of technology and business model (Markides, 2006). Furthermore, it has been criticized that his model suffers from lack of enough explanatory power and other important factors that are necessary to fully explain the observed phenomena in various cases (Danneels, 2004). Motivated by the critics in literature, the current study carefully distinguishes between innovation of technology and innovation of business model in the process of disruptive innovation, and apply our framework to the case of internet shopping mall business. Our study yields two main results. First, the internet-related business model which Christensen argued as an example of disruptive innovation is accomplished through two distinctive and separable growth phases: a period of technology growth and a period of business model growth. Second, in the process of disruptive innovation, the notion of enabling technology plays an important bridging role that connects core technology and business model. Furthermore, we confirm that the success of business model innovation depends on the degree of maturity of the enabling technologies. In conclusion, Christensen's notion of disruptive innovation can be further detailed in terms of technology innovation and business model innovation, and if there exist enabling technologies, the chance of success of the business model is higher when the enabling technology is matured rather than when the core technology is merely acknowledged as a disruptive technology.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1-14
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• 2018

As interest and consumption of luxury goods have become more popular, luxury goods market is growing rapidly. Consumers can acquire psychological satisfaction with material abundance by purchasing and using luxury goods. Also, from the view of corporations, luxury goods have price inelastic characteristics, so they can enjoy price premium and it is good to produce good performance. That is the reason why they should pay much attention to securing luxuriousness. This study examined the establishment of brands luxuriousness in Korean SMEs. First, it examined the world market of luxury goods industry and the present condition of Korean market. Then it identified the constituents of luxuriousness by examining the prior studies and related literatures, and designed a research model based on the theoretical grounds to suggest the methods of brand luxuriousness building of Korean SMEs. Luxuriousness can be defined as the attribute of product that distinguishes luxury goods from other products by consumers' perceptions, and the factor that provides situational benefits that motivate consumers' purchasing behavior. In this study, I identified the sub-dimensions of luxuriousness according to whether there are product related attributes and consumers' benefit in consideration of the problems of existing studies. Product related luxuriousness are classified into superiority(functional benefit) and scarcity(experiential benefit), while non-product related luxuriousness are classified into differentiation(symbolic benefit) and traditionality(exclusive benefit). The following are the ways to build brand luxuriousness. First, company can use product factors. High quality, excellent design, high recognized brand with strong, favorable and unique images can enhance the luxuriousness of brand. Second, company can use price factors. Consumers tend to perceive luxury goods as high-priced items, so lowering the price of product can undermine the luxuriousness of product. Third, company can use distribution factors. It is effective for making consumers to perceive the differentiation and scarcity of luxuriousness through limited distribution channel. In addition, store atmosphere suitable for luxury brands should be created. Fourth, company can use promotion factors. The more consumers are exposed to advertisements, the more positive attitudes toward luxury brands are made, and consumers recognize luxuriousness higher. Price promotion negatively affects consumers' perception of luxuriousness. Fifth, company can use corporate factors. Consumer evaluations of products are influenced not only by the product attributes but also by the corporate association and corporate image surrounding the product. Considering the existing researches, it is possible to enhance the brand luxuriousness through high corporate competence and good corporate reputation. In order to increase the competence of the enterprise, it is useful to approach multidimensionally in relation with the knowledge creation capability. In corporate reputation, the external stakeholders' reputation is important, but the internal members' reputation is also important. Korean SMEs will be able to build brand luxuriousness by establishing marketing strategies as above and/or mix(integrate) them according to the situation.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.165-182
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• 2022

This study focused on whether employees' perceived leader's creativity has a significant effect on employees' job satisfaction and innovative behavior. In addition, this study analyzed the mediating effect of positive psychological capital and creative self-efficacy in the relationship between perceived leader creativity and employee satisfaction with the job or innovation behavior, and analyzed the moderated mediating effect of team cohesion. This study conducted confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis for each factor using the measurement tool verification method using the SmartPLS 3.0 structural equation model, and empirically analyzed the research model. As a result, it was found that the creativity of employees' perceived leaders did not directly significantly affect employees' job satisfaction and innovation behavior. However, it was found that positive psychological capital significantly mediated the relationship between perceived leader creativity and job satisfaction or innovative behavior. In addition, positive psychological capital and creative self-efficacy have a complete double-mediation relationship between the employees' perceived leader's creativity and employees' innovative behavior. However, positive psychological capital and creative self-efficacy don't have a double-mediation relationship between the employee's perceived leader's creativity and employees' job satisfaction. Finally, Team cohesion was found to moderate the relationship between perceived leader creativity, positive psychological capital (or creative self-efficacy). However, the research model that the moderated mediating effect of team cohesion on the relationship between leader's creativity, the mediating variables(positive psychological capital and creative self-efficacy), and job satisfaction (or innovative behavior) was significant only for groups with high team cohesiveness. This study examined the needs of the times for the importance of creativity of perceived leaders and analyzed the relationship between factors influencing job satisfaction and innovation behavior of organizational members. The study is meaningful in that it suggested a plan to establish a specific organizational strategy to enhance positive psychological capital and creative self-efficacy.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.115-141
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• 2017

This study is to find the key factors of the Internet of Things for development in public sector. In previous studies, it is said that Internet of Things can work digital system without human operation and gives a lot of outputs(information) users. Generally, people are a subject of operating digital system in traditional way, while people are an object on the internet of things. In other words, it is possible to work digital system with only networking from things to things. After all, it is reported that these advantages of the Internet of Things make possible to reduce social costs significantly in public sector. However, despite the strengths of the Internet of Things, there is a specific user acceptance of the technology factor for the Internet of Things rarely. It means that developing of the Internet of Things only focuses on the final purpose. If the focus on development meet this purpose, the user is ignored for the specific reason that using a technique. As a result of this, many users gradually decrease the continuous using of the Internet of Things. Thus, in this study, we need to find what critical factors should reflect to the Internet of Things in public sector. To find this result, there is no choice to use Technology Acceptance Model(TAM). Many researchers have proved that Technology Acceptance Model is valid through the four process in model introduction, confirmation, expansion and refinement from 1986 to 2003. The results of this study showed that the result explanatory power of Internet of Things in public sector is the most important factor affecting only perceived social usefulness and ease of use. Finally, it can be seen that the user has a positive attitude toward use, which has a positive effect on the intention to use continuously. The implications of this study are summarized as follows: When the public Internet of Things service is provided, it means that the user can easily understand the result, and when the person and the object communicate the result to each other, they should be able to communicate with each other. This means that a lot of user effort is needed to understand the outcome of the public Internet of Things being provided.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.199-210
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• 2022

This study aimed to develop a cropping system to use limited crop-land with optimum efficiency, while considering management from farmers. To establish the cropping system involving a two-year rotation of three crops, three types of cropping system were evaluated in Suwon (Seogcheon series) and Anseong (Geumcheon series) in the middle plain area using six crops from 2018 to 2019: maize-perilla-onion, potato-sesame-garlic, and maize-sesame-onion. The crop productivity and income of the cropping systems involving food-, oilseed-, and horticultural crops were analyzed, and the optimal cropping system was reviewed. The total yield of each crop was as follows: maize 1,281 kg, potato 4,837 kg, perilla 125 kg, sesame 120 kg, onion 6,503 kg, and garlic 1,027 kg per 10a. However, in terms of gross profit, the potato was more than 3.8 times more profitable than corn, sesame was 1.8 times more profitable than perilla, and garlic was more than 2.8 times more profitable than onions. As a result, in terms of net income, the potato-sesame-garlic cropping system produced the highest income per unit area. Sesame seedlings were planted after the potato harvest, thereby solving the problem of competition between the first and last crops. Overall, this study confirmed that the potato-sesame-garlic cropping system, a two-year rotation of three crops, contributed to the improvement of upland crop productivity and farmers' income and was an overall effective cropping system.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.62-81
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to propose policies to improve and revitalize rural bus services in Jeollabuk-do in the future by identifying the factors that affect service satisfaction and policy satisfaction and the relationship between them, targeting rural bus users in 4 cities and counties in Jeollabuk-do. In the four cities and counties in the study area, the number of rural bus users is continuously decreasing, and various transportation policies, such as unification of bus fares and demand-response transportation, are being piloted to promote bus use. In this study, three major service quality factors that affect rural bus service satisfaction and policy satisfaction were derived after a literature review. Modifying the research model presented in previous studies, we have presented a research model to verify the relationship between the three factors affecting service satisfaction and policy satisfaction, and the relationship between service satisfaction and policy satisfaction. For the verification of the research model, a total of 520 survey data collected from passengers near bus stops and bus terminals in four cities and counties, Gochang, Gimje, Buan, and Jeongeup, were used. As a result of the verification, it was found that the three factors of economic feasibility, convenience, and safety had a statistically positive (+) effect on service satisfaction, but only convenience and safety had a positive (+) effect on policy satisfaction. Contrary to the research hypothesis, it was found that there was no statistically significant relationship between service satisfaction and policy satisfaction. Although the result is different from the research hypothesis, it was a meaningful result that can make policy suggestions on the improvement of the unified fare system policy, service satisfaction, and policy satisfaction to Jeollabuk-do rural bus transportation policy makers and working-level officers. In conclusion, based on the results of research analysis, the unified fare system, and transportation policy, measures to improve service satisfaction and policy satisfaction were presented.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.201-223
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to verify empirically the causal relationship between service quality, ease of use, customer satisfaction, and repurchase intention of mobile shopping mall. And this study is to investigate the ease of use and customer satisfaction mediating effect of between service quality and repurchase intention. Therefore, 323 university students in Jeonnam area were surveyed and the structural equation model was derived based on previous research. Service quality of mobile shopping mall make a significant effect on using easiness, purchasing satisfaction and repurchase intention. However, among service quality of mobile shopping mall, service scape like mobile interface and site design made a positive effect on purchasing satisfaction, but did not any effect on repurchase intention. In other words, service quality factors that make positive effects on customer's pleasant using and repurchase intention make a positive effect on repurchase intention when providing and using the service customer wants faithfully rather than external part of the site and mutually influencing attitude or behavior well. The implications suggested by this study are as follows. First, service quality of mobile shopping mall makes a significant effect on repurchase intention, so it's necessary to improve CS service system so as to treat customers' inquiries or inconveniences actively during mobile shopping and return and refund of defective products quickly and conveniently. And, in addition to the finally used factors in analysis process, benefits using customers' grade by number of purchases, such as various events, coupons, reserve, etc. and active contents marketing strategies providing more various pleasures and values of shopping are necessary. Second, satisfaction of mobile shopping mall makes a positive effect on repurchase intention, so visiting of site and repurchasing of product are continuously done as customers' satisfaction on shopping mall is increasing. Therefore, shopping mall site requires differentiation of contents, exact plan and practice of service, marketing, etc. so that customers can feel more satisfaction. This study is significant as it systematically analyzed concepts of components that service quality of mobile shopping mall makes an effect on using easiness, purchasing satisfaction, and repurchase intention, verified the relations, systematized it by theoretical structure, and widened the understanding of effects making an effect on repurchase intention.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.21-38
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• 2008

After the introduction stage, Korean mobile game market is approaching to the growing stage leading mobile contents market. The environment for the mobile contents business is getting better by the expansion of the 3G mobile networks and the enhancement of the mobile devices. In this research, at a content level, not a service level, market success factors of mobile games and the differences by genres and their changes over time were investigated through the analysis of the real market data of mobile games launched by a Korean mobile carrier. The most important factors for market success, especially for the genres of RPG/Tycoon/Simulation and Shooting/Action/Arcade, were found to be the 'design' factor and its effect turned to be getting stronger as time goes by after the launch. Consumers' purchase rate was actually higher for the mobile games of popular genres or in relation with socially popular subject matters. Also 'design' and 'creativity' factors which are related to the quality of contents, have gotten more important over time. One of the most interesting results was that there existed a "blue ocean" genres like Sports/Racing/Leisure which had a steady demand but not many competing games. In the analysis of the 'convenience' factor, one interesting implication for mobile game producers was that there exists a trade off between the ease of initial adoption and the steady sales of a mobile game.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2010

Business entrepreneurs reflect their views of domestic and foreign economic activities on their operation for the growth of their business. The decision, forecasting, and planning based on their economic sentiment affect business operation such as production, investment, and hiring and consequently affect condition of national economy. Business survey index(BSI) is compiled to get the information of business entrepreneurs' economic sentiment for the analysis of business condition. BSI has been used as an important variable in the short-term forecasting models for business cycle analysis, especially during the the period of extreme business fluctuations. Recent financial crisis has arised extreme business fluctuations similar to those caused by currency crisis at the end of 1997, and brought back the importance of BSI as a variable for the economic forecasting. In this paper, the meaning of BSI as an economic sentiment index is reviewed and a GUIDE regression tree is constructed to find out the factors which affect on BSI. The result shows that the variables related to the stability of financial market such as kospi index(Korea composite stock price index) and exchange rate as well as manufacturing operation ratio and consumer goods sales are main factors which affect business entrepreneurs' economic sentiment.