One of the primary means of achieving global competitiveness is to reduce the COPQ in our business units. Although the COPQ is not known precisely, it is known to be very high. Also, it may be underestimated by the hidden costs due to non-value added activities, such as potential lost sales, costs of redesign due to quality reasons, and extra manufacturing costs due to defects, etc. In any manufacturing or service operation, all actions and resource expenditures of a company should be focused on creating value for customers. Any activity or resource of not creating the value for customers could be regarded as waste, which consequently causes the COPQ. In this paper, a management system is developed for evaluating and reporting the COPQ in our business units, based on the Six Sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) roadmap.

Since the alcohol involves a wide variety of adverse health and social consequences, there is a strong need for improved estimates on economic costs and benefits of alcohol drinking to reduce the social alcohol abuse and to obtain some useful informations for targeting programs. However, there is no research for the intangible costs and benefits so far that are essential to estimate the real overall costs and benefits incurred by alcohol use. Thus this paper finds out and represents a general model for estimating the intangible costs and benefits by use of alcohol demand curve. The calculated monetary values, as a example, of them in 2002 show as big as 7,900 billion won and 4,200 billion won respectively.

This paper introduces a simulation study regarding the operation of the Painted Body Storage (PBS) in an automobile factory. In the paint shop of the factory, same colored bodies are grouped together in order to increase the effectiveness of process, for example decrease the loss of cleaning the painting-gun when the color of body changes from one to another. However the production of automobiles in the assembly shop is a typical example of the mixed model assembly production. Therefore PBS locates between the paint shop and the assembly shop for control the input sequence of bodies to the assembly shop, and it enables to meet the smoothing requirement of assembly sequence. There are highly restricted constraints on the assembly sequence in a assembly shop. Those are spacing restriction and smoothing restriction. If such restrictions are violated, conveyor-stop or utility work will be necessary. Thus the major objective of PBS is to control the assembly sequence in a way to meet the two restrictions. In this paper a case study of PBS in an automotive factory is introduced. The storage/retrieval algorithms are suggested and the proposed system is verified using simulation models. Sensitivity analysis for operating factors is also conducted.

The manufacturing industry with Make-to-Order production system is difficult to decide the standard information for the product and the demand is variable to estimate. In this paper, we concerned with the process planning method using data mining in the manufacturing industry with Make-to-Order environment. The subject of our study is the industry transformer plant which is received an diverse order of customer and then produced the product. Currently, process planning method is classified the standard information by hand based on the acquired knowledge through the experience. The standard information stored the various information, such as work sequence, time and so on. This process planning method needs an experts which possesses the field experience for several years. For the product specification which is varied in each order, current process planning method is not efficient due to need many times To solve this problem, we extract the information using data mining process for each processing time, and then construct the knowledge base. We propose a method which is the process planning of the industry transformer product in Make-to-Order environment using the knowledge base.

Human-error and mental stress caused by psychophysiological dissonance between people and artificial environments have become a social problem. And it is a common knowledge that comfort environment reduces human-error and mental stress. Comfort sensibility is related to complex interactions between fabric, climatic, physiological and psychological variables. Currently, comfort sensibility has been evaluated by many sensory tests. However, it is difficult to evaluate comfort sensibility because a concrete concept of comfort sensibility is hard to define. In this paper, we propose a model to evaluate the comfort sensibility using Fuzzy-weighted score on an individual's subjective state for the stimulus. To represent the degree of comfort sensibility level for the stimulus, we represent comfort sensibility using 2 dimensional sensibility vector model. And we use the fuzzy-weighted score that is a fuzzy version of the weighted checklist technique computerized for evaluating the subjects. As an example, this model is applied to 1/f fluctuation sound evaluation. The results show that this model can be effectively used to the quantitative evaluation of comfort sensibility for the stimulus.

As the largest shipbuilding company in the world and the leader in the Korean merchant shipbuilding industry, Hyundai Heavy Industries is currently struggling to carry out intensive productivity improvement efforts in order to be the global merchant shipbuilding market leader by surpassing in the competition with Japan and being free from the defiance of China armed with very cheap labor costs. This paper introduces the academy-and-industry collaborative project, a part of the productivity improvement efforts, which has conducted on the steel stockyard operations. As a pilot project that researches for the way of improving the stockyard operations and ignites further projects on the stockyard operations, the project defined the stockyard operations, measured current situations, and analyzed management dilemmas. In addition, the project developed the steel stockyard operations simulator. Besides that the simulator is used by the operations manager who has heavily relied on his work-experienced intuition when making decisions, this paper expects that further projects on the stockyard operations utilize the simulator for their own purposes.

In this study, changes in memory performance, blood oxygen saturation and heart rate according to 30% concentration oxygen supply were observed. Ten healthy male and female college students (male:$25.8{\pm}0.8$ years, female: $24.2{\pm}1.9$ years) participated in the study. The experiment was performed as Rest (1min.), Control task (1min.), Word presentation (1min.), Reaction time task (1min.), Distractor (2min.), and Word recall (1min.) and the physiological signals such as blood oxygen saturation and heart rate were measured throughout the stages. Subjects who received 30% oxygen recalled more words than those who received 21% oxygen, which shows 30% oxygen supply has influenced positively on memory cognitive performance. When 30% concentration oxygen is supplied, the blood oxygen saturation in the task phases was increased and the heart rate decreased when comparing to 21%. It means that 30% oxygen can stimulate brain activation by increasing actual blood oxygen concentration in the process of cognitive performance, and the heart rate decreases because enough oxygen is supplied to process the cognitive performance.

In recent research there has been intense interest in understanding how real option valuation (ROV) approaches might usefully complement conventional discounted cash flow (DCF) techniques. However, investment decision makers in a real world have been worried about adopting the ROV approaches mainly because of difficulty in technically understanding the theory of the ROV approaches as indicated by many researchers. With this difficulty in mind, we propose the opportunity cost model as another discrete-time model to value a deferral option. The main advantage of observing a real options value in terms of the opportunity cost concept is to provide a technique for practitioners to estimate a wide range of real options values without sticking to a financial option modelling. The fundamental ground for developing the opportunity cost model proposed in this paper lies in the work of dissecting the structure of the real options value into three categories: capital gain, expected opportunity loss, and expected opportunity gain. At the end of the paper, we will present a short illustrative example to demonstrate the applicability of the model.

The modeling of business processes is key component of any improvement or re-engineering endeavor. Present trends of business modeling methodologies are to include the social context of an organization. Although various methodologies have been developed specially for the business process field and have a social context, it is not in terms of goals and customers, but processes, activities, and tasks. We describe our stance on business process modeling, based on the viewpoint of goal and customer. First, we formalize a goal-oriented business process model and its evaluation mechanism. Second, we propose a methodology of business process modeling, which starts from perceiving and describing interactions between organization and customer from the customer's viewpoint.

This study presents a web log analysis model for e-CRM, which combines the on-line customer's purchasing pattern data and transaction data between companies in B2B environment of make-to-order company. With this study, the customer evaluation and the customer subdivision are available. We can forecast the estimate demands with periodical products sales records. Also, the purchasing rate per each product, the purchasing intention rate, and the purchasing rate per companies can be used as the basic data for the strategy for receiving the orders in future. These measures are used to evaluate the business strategy, the quality ability on products, the customer's demands, the benefits of customer and the customer's loyalty. And it is used to evaluate the customer's purchasing patterns, the response analysis, the customer's secession rate, the earning rate, and the customer's needs. With this, we can satisfy various customers' demands, therefore, we can multiply the company's benefits. And we presents case of the 'H' company, which has the make-to-order manufacture environment, in order to verify the effect of the proposal system.