The Multi-Period Opportunity Cost Model to Evaluate an Option Value based on a Deferral Option

연기옵션을 고려한 옵션가치의 일반적 기회비용 모델

  • Kim, Gyu-Tai (Department of Industrial Engineering, Chosun University)
  • 김규태 (조선대학교 산업공학과)
  • Received : 2004.10.26
  • Accepted : 2005.04.26
  • Published : 2005.06.30

Abstract

In recent research there has been intense interest in understanding how real option valuation (ROV) approaches might usefully complement conventional discounted cash flow (DCF) techniques. However, investment decision makers in a real world have been worried about adopting the ROV approaches mainly because of difficulty in technically understanding the theory of the ROV approaches as indicated by many researchers. With this difficulty in mind, we propose the opportunity cost model as another discrete-time model to value a deferral option. The main advantage of observing a real options value in terms of the opportunity cost concept is to provide a technique for practitioners to estimate a wide range of real options values without sticking to a financial option modelling. The fundamental ground for developing the opportunity cost model proposed in this paper lies in the work of dissecting the structure of the real options value into three categories: capital gain, expected opportunity loss, and expected opportunity gain. At the end of the paper, we will present a short illustrative example to demonstrate the applicability of the model.

Keywords

References

  1. Yoon, W. C. (2001), An Economic Evaluation of Energy-Related Investment Projects Using A Real Options Approach, Research Institute of Energy Economics
  2. Black, F. and Scholes, M. (1973), The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities, ,Journal of Political Economy, 81(May/June), 637 -659 https://doi.org/10.1086/260062
  3. Boriss, O. and Peli, J. (2001), Real Option Approach ro R&D Project Valuation: Case Study at Serono International SA, The Financier, 8(1-4)
  4. Boer, F. P (2003), Risk-Adjusted Valuation of R&D Projects, Research Technology Management, Sep./Oct, 50- 58
  5. Busby, J. S., and Pitts, C. G. C. (1997), Real Options in Practice: An Exploratory Survey of How Finance Officers Deal with Flexibility in Capital Appraisal, Management Accounting Research, 8, 169-186 https://doi.org/10.1006/mare.1996.0040
  6. Carr, P. (1988), The Valuation of Sequential Exchange Opportunities, The Journal of Finance, 43(5), 1235-1256 https://doi.org/10.2307/2328217
  7. Copeland, T. and Antikarov, V. (2001), Real Options: A Practitioner's Guide, Texere, NY
  8. Cox, J. C. and Rubinstein, M. (1985), Options Markets, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ
  9. Cox, J. C, Ross, S. A. and Rubinstein, M. (1979), Option Pricing: A Simplified Approach, ,journal of Financial Eamomits, 7(Sep), 229 263
  10. Dixit, A. K. and Pindyck, R S. (1994), Investment Unekr Uncertainty, Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ
  11. Emery, D.R, Parr, P. c., Mokkelbost, R B., Gandhi, D., and Saunders, A. (1978), An Investigation of Real Investment Decision Making with the Options Pricing Model, Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 5(4), 363-369 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5957.1978.tb01058.x
  12. Geske, R (1979), The Valuation of Compound Options, Journal of Financial Economics, 7(March), 63-81 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(79)90022-9
  13. Graham, J., and Harvey, C. (2001), The Theory and Practice of Corporate Finance: Evidence from The Field. Journal of Financial Economics, 60, 187-243 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(01)00044-7
  14. Luenberger, D.G. (1998), Investment Saence, Oxford University Press, New York NY
  15. Kim, G. T., and Choi, S. H. (2003), Investigation of the Structure of the Strategic Net Present Value and Its Economic Interpretation through the Opporrunity Cost Concept, Journal of the Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers, 29(2), 126-134
  16. Margrabe, W. (1978), The Value of an Option to Exchange One Asset for Another, The Journal of Finance, 33(1), 177-186 https://doi.org/10.2307/2326358
  17. Mello, A. S., and Pyo, U. (2003), Real Options with Market Risks and Private Risks. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 15(2), 89-101 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6622.2002.tb00699.x
  18. Miller, L. T. and Park, C. S. (2002), Decision Making under Uncertainty-Real Options to the Rescue, The Engineering Economist, 47(2), 105 -150 https://doi.org/10.1080/00137910208965029
  19. Moon, J. (2002), Real Options Analysis: Tools and Techniques for Valuing Strategic Investments and Decision, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken NJ
  20. Myers, S. C. (1977), Determinants of Corporate Borrowing, Journal of Finamial Economics, 5(Nov), 147-175 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(77)90015-0
  21. Park, C. S. and Herath, H. S. B., (2000), Exploiting Uncertainty-Investment Opportunities as Real Options: A New Way of Thinking in Engineering Economics, The Engineering Economist, 45(1),1-36 https://doi.org/10.1080/00137910008967534
  22. Putten, A. B., and MacMillan,I. C. (2004), Making Real Options Really Work, Harvard Business Review, December, 134-141
  23. Rai, R K. S. and Martin, J. D. (1981), Another Look at the Use of Options Pticing Theory to Evaluate Real Asset Investment Opportunities, Journal of Business & Accounting, 8(3), 421-429 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5957.1981.tb00825.x
  24. Sharp, D. J. (1991), Uncovering the Hidden Value in High-Risk Investment, Sloan Management Review, Summer, 69-74
  25. Sick, G. (1988), Capital Budgeting with Real Options, Salomon Brothers Centre, New York University, NY
  26. Smith, J. E. and McCardle, K. F. (1998), Valuing Oil Properties: Integrating Option Pricing and Decision Analysis Approaches, Operations Research, 46(2), 198-217 https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.46.2.198
  27. Trigeorgis, L. (1999), Real Options: Afanagerial Flexibility and Strategy in Resource Allocation, The MIT Press, the 4th. Printing, Cambridge MA
  28. Yao, J., and Jaafari, A. (2003), Combining Real Options and Decision Tree: An Integrative Approach for Project Investment Decisions and Risk Management, The Journal of Structured and Project Finance, Fall, 53-69