대한건축학회논문집 (Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea) (Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea)
대한건축학회 (Architectural Institute of Korea)
- 월간
- /
- 2733-6239(pISSN)
- /
- 2733-6247(eISSN)
- 선행 저널 1 : 대한건축학회논문집:구조계 (Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction) (1998 ~ 2020)
- 선행 저널 2 : 대한건축학회논문집:계획계 (Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design) (1998 ~ 2020)
제38권12호
-
The purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial characteristics of streets specializing in urban regeneration areas targeting Choryang Ibagu-gil in Busan. There are numerous themed streets created as part of the urban regeneration project nationwide. Since 2014, about 500 urban regeneration project areas have been carried out led by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. Most of these business areas are creating themed streets to revitalize streets. In Dong-gu, Busan alone, there are 6 themed streets created as an urban regeneration project. Choryang Ibagu-gil is the first themed street among these six. However, there is currently not enough information to guide the spatial characteristics of the themed street. This study is about the contents to explain the spatial characteristics of the themed street to tourists who visit this place. Themed street is defining spatial characteristics from three perspectives. The first is the perspective of Busan's identity, the second is the perspective of urban regeneration, and the third is the perspective of slope architecture. From the perspective of Busan's identity, the perspectives of maritimeity, historicality, and hybridity were presented. From the perspective of urban regeneration, the perspectives of spatial regeneration, life regeneration, and cultural regeneration were presented. From the viewpoint of slope architecture, the viewpoints of location, direction & view, and accessibility were presented. This study comprehensively identifies the spatial characteristics of Choryang Iagu-gil from these three perspectives.
-
Infectious diseases have begun to spread all over the world with the need for countermeasures against them have risen in each field. In the field of housing space design, there are ongoing discussions about spaces that can respond to infectious diseases. Therefore, the analysis of plan proposals for the 2020 Republic of Korea Public Housing Design Call for Public Recruitment, which includes a plan to deal with infectious diseases in the design public call for proposals was examined. The conscription response methods proposed in the 12 award-winning works were from the perspective of safety for sanitary and hygienic infectious disease prevention, space openness and territoriality to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. These were classified into spatial plans such as clean zones inside the house were added for the safety of a residential space. Through the balcony and terrace facing the outside, and the plan of the step-type initiative, the external space where individuals can use perfume was planned for openness. The variable facilities and mass design were planned to enable the distributed arrangement of a space, and the area was secured for space users. In this way, to plan public housing to deal with infectious diseases in the current architectural field, the above elements should be considered and applied from the spatial planning of the design stage. After that, it is necessary to conduct additional research on planning methods that are more than mere dimensions through cases of residential space design for overseas infectious diseases.
-
Korea should resolve the low birth rate and improve the childcare Environment. To this end, active efforts are needed to improve and create childcare environments based on child-friendly in the local community. Therefore, the use of the concept of child-friendly cities should be considered to improve the poor childcare environment of urban low-rise residential areas. The purpose of this study is to propose a plan to create a childcare environment based on child-friendly of urban low-rise residential areas. This study conducted an empirical perception evaluation on parents of Infants and Toddlers to create a child-friendly-based child care environment for urban low-rise residential areas. The conclusions are as follows. First, it is necessary to improve the local external play environment for Infants and toddlers to create a child-friendly child care environment for urban low-rise residential areas. Second, the urban low-rise residential area requires maintenance of pedestrian paths, commuting routes, and bicycle-only roads for the safe and smooth passage of Infants and toddlers and guardians. Third, the urban low-rise residential area is required to create facilities exclusively for children in the region, such as cultural and artistic facilities, local libraries, and sports facilities for Infants and toddlers. Fourth, the the urban low-rise residential area should consider creating nature-friendly childcare facilities, parks, and trails.
-
This study aims to derive and prioritize a core evaluation index that should be considered when planning or evaluating individual spaces constituting neighborhood living facilities. There were 341 neighborhood facilities examined regarding specific planning methods or evaluation indicators that were not clearly confirmed in many design cases. Based on the survey response data, the importance-performance analysis (IPA) for each space was conducted to confirm the priority of detailed planning or evaluation index for each space; a one-way ANOVA was then performed to derive a significant index. After comparing data in both IPA and one-way ANOVA, a core evaluation index of a neighborhood facility was derived. Upon analysis, it revealed IPA results for five categories and the lower 60 detailed index was collected through the post occupancy evaluation (POE). By category, the rank of paired sample was determined in the order of indoor common space, appearance, rental space, interior environment or equipment, and external common space. Derived through one-way ANOVA, there were 18 items that were not statistically significant. Finally, by comparing the paired sample t, matrix of IPA and the significance index of ANOVA, 30 key evaluation indices were derived.
-
Biomimicry means innovative results by applying the principles of nature to the human industry. Today, environmental problems caused by excessive development have increased interest in sustainable development. There are also attempts to look at biomimicry as a way to sustainable architecture. Architectural design using biomimicry improves the function of the building in terms of results. It can also be used in the overall process of building, operation, and future disposal. However, until now, understanding of the architectural design using biomimicry is only done in fragments, such as new types of forms and technologies. Therefore, this study analyzes the method of using biomimicry in architectural design and the results shown through it. It comprehensively studies the design approach characteristics of biomimicry architecture. First of all, this study proceeds with a theoretical understanding of the concept of biomimicry and architectural design using it. Based on this, we analyze the case of architectural design using biomimicry. The case are analyzed by dividing them into methods of using biomimicry and results of using biomimicry. Through this, the design approach characteristics of biomimicry architecture are derived. As a result, it was confirmed that the concept of biomimicry not only affects the result of architectural design, but also complexly affects the process of applying natural principles to design and architecturally implemented.
-
This study aims to prepare basic data to judge the openness of the public libraries as open places according to their place meaning. Today, as public libraries overcome their place limitations through various media, it has become a complex space for a social function that gathers and connects people, not just a place to acquire knowledge. As the spatial composition of the public libraries become complex and space focusing user, the reading methods are diversified, and various reading space for this are appearing. Therefore, as public libraries' programs become more diverse, this study analyzes the reading space of user-centred public libraries and aims to examine public libraries as open places through objective data. To analyze the degree of openness of the reading space in public libraries, this study obtained spatial data including drawings through the survey and data requests of the public libraries as subjects of the study. By analyzing the data obtained through analysis indicators of spatial, this study examines the role and relationship of the entire public libraries' space and analyzes the spatial depth and spatial accessibility by drawing a 'Justified-Graph' to objectively analyze the reading space of public libraries. Lastly, this study concludes by analyzing the user behavior of the reading space provided by the public libraries and the relationship with other internal facilities by examining the results calculated by spatial analysis in chronological order.
-
The purpose of this study is to present implications for the future plan and operation of university-affiliated Happy Housing by analyzing the opinions of potential residents and residents about the university-affiliated public rental housing. To this end, a survey (residential preference) was conducted with potential residents and the focus group interview (residential satisfaction) with residents was conducted. Descriptive statistical analysis of frequency and percentage were used for the collected opinions of potential residents, and qualitative content analysis methods were used for opinions of residents. Based on the content derived through the two research methods, the opinions of potential residents and residents were comprehensively analyzed. First, overall preference and residence satisfaction were high, such as low rent, security, residential location and convenient surrounding environment. When selecting a location for housing in the future, not only the accessibility to the campus but also the convenient surrounding environment should be considered. Second, it is necessary to improve the use of parking lots, inconvenient entrances, and movement lines. This suggests that parking lot use should be improved in the future and sufficient entrances should be installed if the main hall corridor is long. Third, among the negative factors, small-sized houses were found to be the most important factor, and this can be suggested as a method of supplying houses with a slightly larger size than the present by reflecting the opinions of preferred potential residents. Fourth, satisfaction with separate collection and food waste treatment facilities was high for community facilities, but the rest of the facilities are expected to need improvement. If the function of the space is clearly defined and it is planned as a space preferred by college students (health club, study room, etc.), the utilization will be higher than now. Fifth, in terms of operation, it is necessary to improve the system that can extend the period of residence and to discover the operation programs needed by university students.
-
Alvaro Siza planned ten museums in five countries for over 30 years from 1993 to the present. The first two museums were planned in Spain and Portugal. Since then, various mass forms and external materials have been used and developed while planning museums in Korea, Brazil and China. Therefore, the characteristics of space and spatial connection of flow and sequence regarding the internal gallery in the Alvaro Siza Museum was examined. The subject of this study entails 76 galleries, which are exhibition spaces belonging to 10 museums designed by Alvaro Siza. These 76 galleries with the four parameters of gallery form and area, window position, type of ceiling light, and interior materials were analyzed. The research contents were structured based on two factors, flow and sequence, for the relationship between lobby and gallery and between gallery and gallery. The internal connection through the structuring process was classified into four categories: oneway movement, path selection, spiral circulation, and free plan type. In addition, Alvaro Siza showed the characteristics of planning using the combination of these four parameters in the gallery space and the four typology connection system in the internal space connection for the museum planning.
-
To improve accessibility, the government enacted barrier-free building regulations. Unless building regulations have been well-enacted and revised, there will be arbitrary interpretation. Misinterpretation can lead to unreasonable application. This study aims to derive characteristics by comparing and analyzing domestic and foreign barrier-free building regulations and guidelines from the perspective of applicability. A comparative analysis of American (ADA-ABA Accessibility Guideline), German (DIN 18040), British (Building Regulations Part M), and Korean (Act on the Guarantee of Convenient Promotions for the Disabled, the Elderly, Pregnant Women and detailed standards for structure, materials of convenience facilities) building regulations and codes were focused on. This comparison was classified into three parts: the background of establishing guidelines and generating legal force, the composition of the law, codes or guidelines and the method and contents of the description focused on architectural elements connecting spaces in buildings. Finally, based on these derived characteristics, a supplementary plan to increase the applicability of the domestic barrier-free building code was proposed.
-
Modern South Korean architectural precedents that originated in the 1970s have not been properly studied by academics and practitioners where most are in danger of being lost over time. In this study, Yeouido Sibum Apartments was selected due to it being one of the undervalued yet ideal urban housing complexes of South Korean Developmental State with its redevelopment plan underway. Since its completion in 1971, Yeouido Sibum Apartments have architecturally progressed with its unique spatial and structural characteristics. The structural characteristics of a remodeled unit that faces toward the open corridors of an apartment building have been constructed in such a way that it can accommodate unlimited spatial changes and extensions. The individual units have undergone multiple renovations to accommodate the changing tastes of its residents. These renovations include terraces, emergency openings planned next to corridors leading into extended rooms, kitchen spaces and outdoor areas turned into auxiliary storage units. This study aims to carefully investigate the transformations and extensions of the terrace space of the Yeouido Sibum Apartments and intends to document architectural changes made from residents in the past 50 years. Various research methods were applied such as interviews with major apartment remodeling agencies, on-site investigations covering a total of 1,584 apartment units, and resident surveys conducted to inquire about past remodeling experiences. Consequently, various ways of remodeling the terrace spaces in relation to the unit types and resident's personal situations are expected to be emphasized.
-
Amid social debate over the operation of the Architecture Review Committee, this study analyzed the operation situation and committee problems in each locality to suggest an improvement plan. The results revealed that since the revision of the Building Act Enforcement Order in 2020, less than 50% of local governments had revised their regulations related to subjects and areas to be reviewed and only about 60% of local governments had announced their review standards. To solve these institutional problems, local governments need to revise their building ordinances and review standards while factoring the intention of these regulation amendments as it relates to the operation of this committee. Finally, the central government is required to reduce and adjust the scope of review which is comprehensively stipulated in Article 4(1) of the current Building Act while suggesting the fundamental principles and standards for setting review area, subjects and criteria that help local governments operate regulations according to its intention.
-
The purpose of this study is to compare the Rietveld Schröder House and Frὄbel play-based education to examine their correlation and to explore how Frὄbel's educational philosophy affected the spatial arrangement of the Rietveld Schröder House. The results revealed that the external modeling composition of the Rietveld Schröder House shows the process of changing into four areas of block, surface, lines, and points by applying Frὄbel's play education of the Spherical Law contained in the process of being stored in a Gabe and Gabe box. The second floor of the Rietveld Schröder House had elements similar to Frὄbel play-based learning where one can experience the Spherical Law and these four areas. It is possible that De Stijl's architectural works, which were introduced after the Rietveld Schröder House, also applied a simpler principle of composition to the Spherical Law changing into points, lines, surface, and block.
-
Recently, interest in the adverse effects of sunlight on humans has increased. However, most studies addressing sunlight glare have focused on improving indoor or outdoor lighting conditions. Glare caused by the reflection of light from building facades can impair driver vision and increase the likelihood of accidents. Nevertheless, few studies have been conducted on outdoor glare. The lighting simulation program in this study focused on Gangnam-daero, where buildings are very dense. To propose a solution for reducing glare, we identified the areas of the building facades that cause glare to drivers. Then we compared the current condition with an alternative by changing the materials in a specific area according to the criteria of this study. This analysis showed that for these alternatives, the area and percentage of glare decreased compared to the current situation. Based on this study, it will be possible to inform about the glare risk and create legal standards for traffic accidents caused by glare. It could also help regulate building elevation materials and limit them based on building height.
-
This study aims to analyze students' satisfaction with a school environment and school life to derive current issues. To introduce natural elements into a school's indoor environment, preferences, needs, moods of hope, places of hope, and reasons for need were investigated and analyzed. The preference evaluation results for natural elements applicable to an interior were in the order of light, plants, soil and stone. Each natural element was evaluated differently in its preferred way of expression. It was important to consider which natural elements were introduced indoor, but it was also important to consider the method of introducing each natural element.
-
The classroom space of the future requires a multi-dimensional approach as a classroom for all students, including ones with disabilities. Therefore, in this study the demand for a futuristic classroom was investigated for professionals such as teachers in schools with disabilities with the ultimate purpose?to embrace students with disabilities in their transition towards a more digitalized society. Virtual space utilization scenarios were derived for each type of disability, such as visual, auditory, physical, and developmental disabilities for elementary, middle, and high schools regarding the proper spatial composition of a future classroom for the disabled. The results of this study provide basic ideas that include a deeper understanding of disability and educational meaning for future special education space composition. It is with hope that the future classroom space for the disabled will be able to fulfill its role in the realization of educational philosophy. Through this, students with disabilities will be able to respond to upcoming changes in education and take this significant experience with them beyond school.
-
Since December 19th, 2019, when building a public building, 'Pre-Architectural Plan' and 'Operation of the Public Building Deliberation Committees' had been mandatory. Public Building Deliberation Committees deliberates the Pre-Architectural Plan and has the function to consult the required aspects to promote the project. The current law consists of the requirements of structure and operation of the committee which will be decided by the province and the public institution; thus, it guarantees the distinctiveness of the institution and the autonomy of its operation. Therefore, this study analyzes the main contents of the Public Building Deliberation Committees operational regulation of the 34 individual institutions that secured operational regulations. Through comparison and analyzation of the contents with the regulatory under the law, deliberation committees' structure, operation and function related main issue is derived, and proposed future project for the settlement and improvement of the Public Building Deliberation Committees policy.
-
As complex forms of building facades and 3D printing technology in architecture prevails, many efforts have been made to demonstrate the implementation of 3D printing for different types of architectural works such as buildings, pavilions, facades, interior partitions, prototypes and products. Ninety examples were collected and analyzed from online sources that indicated PLA was used for the experimental stage of fabrication studies in spite of its weakness against code compliance mainly due to its relatively easier application for large-scale robotic fabrication. Five precedents exemplifying plastic additive manufacturing were selected and reviewed to discuss the plastic feedstock types and equipment for large-scale production. For 3D printing fabrication of building facades, Fused Granular Fabrication (FGF) utilizing extruders with pellet-type plastic gained prominence. From this background, a design-build graduate seminar course aimed to integrate digital design and FGF fabrication of building facade elements as shading devices took place over a 14-week semester. From this course, two prototyping projects were developed and fabricated with the FGF method by two groups of students involving after series of 3D printing tutorials, case-studies, application to exercises, and individual proposals by FDM. This study illustrated the sequential processes of design-build experiments and evaluated final prototypes with the proposed criteria in four categories of design, process, fabrication and level, which were introduced after analyzing selected praxis-based literature. From the prototype evaluation, the following criteria were noted for improvement: fabrication-informed design, construction process, material-informed process, assembly, connection, detail, and machine control. The evaluation-based discussion presented the direction for the continuing further research regarding how to approach and improve design and fabrication methods in building facade prototyping implementation by FGF.
-
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues beyond two(2) years, young single-person households face various psychological and physical difficulties involving the increase of types and duration of activities in a relatively small housing unit. This study reviews and analyses preceding research on the post-pandemic changes in behavior of young single-person households. Also, a series of housing unit plan design proposals submitted to public housing design competitions held during the pandemic was examined. Based on these analyses, Six design strategies for a adequate housing unit plan for young single-person households were established: provision of a separate rest zone, provision of a flexible alpha room, diversification of the living room function, inclusion of a hygiene space into the entrance, maximization of daylight and view, and provision of an open balcony. Finally, three(3) types of adequate housing unit plan prototypes for young single-person households were proposed for the post-pandemic era.
-
Siyeon-wi, makcha, socha, pyeoncha, daecha were used as a temporary space for the guest of honor when the main guests of the royal ceremony were the king, the queen dowager, and the queen. Although Daecha was divided into the Makcha formation in the case of a royal banquet, weddings were prepared inside the royal palace. This was characterized by the fact that a royal banquet ceremony was usually held for only a day, and after the time of King Sunjo, weddings became evening parties that were held overnight and extended into the next day; therefore, the Daecha space was moved to the indoor space of the palace. Socha was a temporary ceremonial space for the crown prince and his sons. In the weddings of the late Joseon Dynasty, if the guest of honor was the queen dowager, the ceremonial space for the king and the crown prince was called Socha. Socha was characterized by being subdivided into a temporary membrane structure for royal banquets as well as Naejinyeon feasts. The deviation in Pyeoncha was arranged in the form of a membrane structure for banquets, and for Naeinyeon feasts, the banquet was elongated to embody the characteristics of subdivision within the royal palace. Daecha and Pyeoncha used a temporary membrane structure outdoors for banquets, while weddings were settled inside the royal palace. Makcha was most frequently featured in ceremonies during the Joseon Dynasty and arranged for many types of royal ceremonies. Socha was arranged outside the royal palace where the ceremony was held, while the king's seat was moved to the front, and the Socha layout was moved to the front garden of the palace. The change in the classification of weecha according to the guest of honor revealed that the politics of Confucianism and the ideology of filial piety were deeply entrenched in royal ceremonies.
-
This paper explores Learning from Las Vegas, the classic text of architecture and postmodernism written by Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown first published in 1972, through Scott Lash notion of technological phenomenology. Lash claims that technology is not so much an externalized apparatus but rather a form of life in the sense of Ludwig Wittgenstein's later philosophy called language game. Inspired by Lash's theories of technology and experience, this study argues that Venturi and Scott Brown's book illustrated ways in which one experiences the city with various technologies such as the automobile, billboard, neon sign, photography, and street map. In elaborating the argument, this study defines the term technological phenomenology with the articulation of two strands of experience known as erfahrung and erlebnis; thereby addressing how these two concepts coexist in today's information-saturated society. Additionally, this study takes Learning from Las Vegas as a threshold to investigate the relationship between the diverse forms of technology and experience to explore how the city is experienced in generative modes of perception and sensibility. Lastly, Neil Leach's recent studies of architecture and artificial intelligence (AI) are read against the grain. Leach addresses a flexible notion of technology on one hand, which is however in part formed based on the dualism between technology and experience. By reading how Leach elaborates theories of technology with some of his examples, this study can glean from Learning from Las Vegas without heavily relying on either classic ontology or technological determinism.
-
This study examines the characteristics of housing developments from the 1920s to the 1940s in the northeastern region of Kyeongseong during the Japanese colonial period. These residential districts had different developers and patterns by period. From the 1920s to the early 1930s, official residential districts and cultural housing complexes were created for the Japanese middle class by the Joseon government-general and Japanese development companies. Compared to the housing development near Jangchungdan altar in southeastern Kyeongseong during the same period, the lot and housing size of the residential districts were relatively small due to it being developed for middle-class people working in nearby universities and schools. From the mid-1930s to the 1940s, residential districts were developed by Korean developers and targeted the Korean middle and upper class. This differed from the Japanese residential districts regarding the shape of the residential district, the direction of main streets, the size of the lot, and the type of housing.
-
This study aims to analyze the planning characteristics of landscape elements according to its unique application items and the application purpose of apartment complexes designated in the special architectural district. This study was carried out through relevant literature analysis and a field survey of 42 special architectural district apartments approved for use in January 2022. Upon analysis, the results revealed that various residential building height changes that formed the skyline within the apartment complex took place. The more the residential building form with longitudinal or multiple elevations, the more it was planned in a three-dimensional form through the change in the number of floors in the residential area. Various specialized designs could be applied to planning the street-facing community facilities and residential buildings. This landscape plan is interpreted as facilitating the planning of floors based on the regulation and relaxation of Article 61 of the Building Code, affecting the layout, form, and scale planning of apartment complexes.
-
The first special local government in Korea, the Busan-Ulsan-Gyeongnam Special Coalition(Bu-Ul-Gyeong megacity), has been announced in April 2022. Its urban spatial structure plan presents the four central cities - Busan, Ulsan, Changwon, and Jinju. It highlights increasing regional accessibility among central cities to make the Bu-Ul-Gyeong megacity a unionized community across regional borders. First, this study analyzed the urban spatial structure of the megacity using data from the 2019~2020 floating population. As a result, the paper observed that the central cities are different from the internal and external network of South Gyeongsang Province (SGP), and there were some underserved areas for accessing public transportation services within SGP. It implies that measures to improve linkages among areas of SGP are necessary to realize the network urban spatial structure in the BUG megacity. In this context, second, the study identified the first central areas of SGP as Changwon and Jinju based on the eigenvector centrality and flow betweenness centrality. The second central area is investigated by conducting a community analysis focusing on SGP. The four communities are presented and the second central areas are identified as Haman, Sacheon, Tongyeong, and Geochang in each community.
-
Busan Terminal is a public railroad station that represents a foundational aspect of a modern city. This study examines urban planning, architectural, and social characteristics of Busan Terminal and its surrounding areas by reviewing the terminal's transition processes from selecting its location during the Japanese colonial era to its current status as a public facility. Maps and photographs were collected to identify the significant events and changes that occurred in the city over the last 120 years. In addition, various laws, systems, newspaper data, and publication reports related to Busan were examined. Upon analysis, Busan Terminal was first found to reflect the times as an urban infrastructure facility developed in accordance with the national policy and Busan's urban plan. It was a regional landmark that produced a district of buildings through spatial expansion. As a public facility, Busan Terminal evolved from being a mere station to a social hub for commerce, culture, and information exchange. Based on contextual understanding, this study determined that the urban planning implications for regional regeneration were consistent with the local characteristics of Busan Terminal. Furthermore, this study is significant in terms of developing a change strategy for regional development due to its relevant academic data.
-
Energy and fire safety performances conflict with each other in structural properties; the types of Korean products that can satisfy all such performances are limited. In this study, a Super-Insulated Fire-Safety Door (SIFSD) was designed using a vacuum insulation panel (VIP) to satisfy both high energy performance and fire safety. To improve the performance of preventing condensation of a SIFSD, an appropriate design for the door frame was calculated using a 3D heat transfer program; the gasket shape was discovered with the fire-safety material to improve the airtightness of the SIFSD. The final designed SIFSD reflected in the laboratory test as 0.795 W/m2·K, and the performance of preventing condensation could be applied in the -20℃ area. Despite the high insulation performance, a flame barrier performance of 90 minutes and a thermal barrier performance of 65 minutes were achieved.
-
This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of fine dust removal performance according to the design methods of ventilation systems in a multifamily residential housing unit. To evaluate the performance of a ventilation system, Simulation House Model (SHM) was constructed in a CONTAM environment to simulate the airflow in a duct system and assess the interzonal particle transport characteristics in an actual residential housing unit. The key parameters like leakage areas of building components and particle transport parameters of SHM were obtained from field measurements. The key parameters of SHM including leakage areas of building components and particle transport parameters were obtained from field measurements. The results from the validation and SHM simulation provided a good prediction for the indoor concentration of particle with a diameter of 0.3 ㎛ that showed a correlation coefficient higher than 0.8. The simulation results revealed that the clean air delivery rate (CADR) of an unbalanced ventilation system was reduced by up to 13% compared to a balanced ventilation, especially when the interzonal particle transport was restricted with closed doors.
-
For over 20 years, the Building Energy Efficiency Rating (BEER) system played a major role in the national greenhouse gas reduction goal and made a substantial contribution to the building sector. However, there is also a demand for improvement from the private sector, policymakers, and researchers in various aspects involving the rationality of this system, market acceptability, and actual effectiveness of this rating. In this study, by processing Korea Energy Economy Institute's (KEEI) Household Energy Standing Survey (HESS) micro data, sampled houses were classified into prototypical household groups with respect to region, residential type, exclusive area, and year of construction; typical fuel and electricity consumption for each group was then calculated. The EER ratio of relative energy consumption of each household to the energy consumption of the prototypical household group was calculated. By expressing all the EER values of a certain group as a cumulative frequency distribution graph, a curve-fitting formula for each prototypical household group was derived. Using this formula, the energy efficiency rating of an individual building can be expressed as energy saving or its efficiency rate compared to the prototypical consumption and percentage within the group. This rating method informs the building's energy consumption level easily and makes it easier for the general public to recognize it; therefore, contributing a lot to green building design and construction.
-
The anti-condensation performance evaluation is conducted in accordance with Design Standard for Preventing Condensation in Apartment Buildings since December 2013. The purpose of this study is to assess the suitability of anti-condensation evaluation performance method at the wall junction. In the case of wall junction, the anti-condensation performance evaluation is carried out by determining one of two methods: designing according to the guidelines or calculating TDR(Temperature Difference Ratio) by simulation programs. It is much simpler and cheaper to design according to the guidelines than to calculate TDR, so most of evaluation are performed using guideline. However, the points suggested in the guidelines are limited to the bedroom. In the case of the bathroom, the composition of the floor insulation is different from that of the bedroom due to waterproofing and piping equipment. This detailed section is missing from the guidelines. This study compared the evaluation results performed in two different methods for the evaluation points that are able to lead to condensation. Several evaluation points were designed to meet the guidelines, but exceeded TDR. This means that the guidelines can not cover all of evaluation points. Therefore it is necessary to revise and supplement the guidelines.
-
Nonlinear numerical models to be used for seismic performance evaluation are generally constructed based on measured seismic behavior of structural members and systems. The shear deformation in a column member has been typically considered insignificant in the inelastic range. However, an increase in lateral drifts due to the inclusion of shear deformation may impact the degree of damage in structural members and the onset of collapse. Therefore, for a column member, it is important to include the shear deformation in column numerical models as it can have a significant impact on predicting the structure's response. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of column shear deformation on the collapse risk of steel special moment frames (SMFs). Numerical models were constructed with and without considering column shear deformation. It was shown that column shear deformation had a significant effect on the lateral stiffness of the steel SMFs and increased in moment demand due to the P-Delta effect. Such increase in moment demands could affect the collapse mechanism of steel SMFs under seismic loads. Without considering the shear deformation, the collapse risk of SMFs may be also underestimated.
-
The purpose of this study is to analyze how the dead load of a traditional wooden structure according to the changes of environmental factors is related to dynamic properties of structure. For this purpose, microtremor measurements were performed once a month for one year to calculate the monthly modal natural frequency of the target structure. Dead load of structure is measured from load cell which is installed under each columns of structure on a hourly basis. The yearly change in dead load was estimated in consideration of the change in environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and snowfall, and it compared with the dead load measured from the load cell. As a result, the measured dead load was found to be within the range of dead load changes. Each modal natural frequency was kept constant regardless of the measurement time. It was found that the change in dead load was not a major factor in changing each modal natural frequency.
-
This research aims to suggest an optimal location of outrigger system without upper shear wall. To achieve this objective, a schematic structure design of a 60-story high-rise building was carried out using an analysis program called MIDAS-Gen. The main analysis variables were the height ratio of shear wall to total height of building, the outrigger stiffness, and the outrigger position in height. Utilizing the analysis results, the lateral displacement distribution in top floor and the existing methods of optimal outrigger position were examined. This research proposed the optimal location of outrigger structure without upper shear wall while considering the stiffness of shear wall, the outrigger stiffness, the stiffness of exterior columns connected to the outrigger structure, the frame stiffness and the height ratio of shear wall to total height of building. Additionally, this study's results can provide significant help to gain structural engineering data when seeking a reasonable outrigger system in a high-rise building.
-
In the preliminary design stage of a building, the wind load is generally calculated through a given criteria and applied to the wind resistance design. However, the wind load calculation formula provided by KDS-2022 can be calculated for various side ratios(D/B) and Aspect ratios(H/
${\sqrt{BD}}$ ), but only for one wind direction (0°) of a rectangular structure can be calculated. Therefore, it is not possible to fully consider the wind load generated in the wind direction other than 0°. In this study, the wind force coefficient required to calculate the wind load tended to change according to various Aspect ratios(H/${\sqrt{BD}}$ ), side ratios(D/B), and surface roughness. The experiment was conducted by setting variables with four Aspect ratios(H/${\sqrt{BD}}$ ), 11 side ratios(D/B), and four surface roughness. In the case of the mean wind force coefficients of the X-axis and Y-axis, the effect of the Aspect ratios(H/${\sqrt{BD}}$ ) was small, and the fluctuating moment coefficient was found to be affected by all of the Aspect ratios(H/${\sqrt{BD}}$ ), side ratios(D/B), and surface roughness. In the case of the Z-axis, it was found to be affected by the surface roughness and side ratios(D/B). -
Regression analysis on period-related factors of traditional timber structures was performed based on the site measured period to propose an appropriate fundamental period formula for such structures. The height of mass, roof area, roof weight, and wall ratio were chosen as period-related factors. Among 28 available cases, 16 cases were selected as target cases with a relatively high relationship with the fundamental period. After performing regression analysis on these four factors, the height of mass and roof area were selected as the final factors which showed a high coefficient of determination and suitability for an approximate formula. An approximate formula for the fundamental period of traditional timber structures was proposed using the final two factors. The fundamental period derived by the proposed formula lay between the site measured period and the KDS formula derived period; this showed that the proposed formula secured both safety and economic feasibility.
-
In this study an ambient vibration test, impact hammer test, and human excitation tests on a long-span full-scale modernized Hanok, which is one of the Korean traditional architectural structures were performed to identify its modal characteristics. Test results showed that the first two fundamental modes were beam and dori directional translation modes and the natural frequencies were 3.85Hz and 4.90Hz respectively. These values were larger than about 1.8-3.5 times in the first translation modes in similar-sized Korean traditional Hanoks. The increase of natural frequencies was mainly due to the significant decrease of the roof weight in modernized Hanok construction in spite of the stiffness reduction resulting from column-free long-span. The damping ratios of the translation modes were in the range of 2.5-3.5% and these values were similar to damping ratios of 1.5-4.5% measured in a traditional Hanok. Considering that the damping ratios of the building structures had amplitude dependent characteristics, the damping ratios of the Hanok structures were approximately two times larger than those of general RC or steel structures showing similar amplitude dynamic responses.
-
The market size of domestic apartment remodeling continues to grow; however, thus far only a single case has passed vertical expansion remodeling. For safety purposes, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport established and announced safety review standards for vertical expansion remodeling. There were many cases where standards were not properly comprehended leading to the omission of essential safety evaluation documents. Consequently, it took more time than expected to conduct the review process that resulted in project delays and an increase in expenses. For these reasons, relevant practitioners need to be fully acquainted with the safety evaluation and structural manuals while evaluation documents should be reviewed thoroughly before submission. The purpose of this study is to derive a practical structural checklist, especially for vertical expansion remodeling, to improve the efficiency of remodeling projects and structural safety. To derive a checklist, the safety reviews and deliberation cases of nine complexes, a total of 606 deliberation opinions, were collected. Based on these, a structural checklist was derived with 44 items. It is expected that this derived structural checklist will be used to review safety evaluation documents to reduce the time required for stakeholders including unions, practitioners, and institutions.