대한건축학회논문집 (Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea) (Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea)
대한건축학회 (Architectural Institute of Korea)
- 월간
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- 2733-6239(pISSN)
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- 2733-6247(eISSN)
- 선행 저널 1 : 대한건축학회논문집:구조계 (Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction) (1998 ~ 2020)
- 선행 저널 2 : 대한건축학회논문집:계획계 (Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design) (1998 ~ 2020)
제38권1호
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Elderly community care is directly affected by a neighborhood's design. The impact is noticeable in social activities and community interactions that take place within a housing environment. Rather than relying solely on costly nursing homes or elderly assisted living facilities, alternatives are needed to better accommodate the rapidly aging population. Urban development projects are beneficial to some residents, but other community members especially the elderly end up being involuntarily displaced; this results in a dismantling of the social structure within a local community. These high-rise developments have distanced the elderly, both horizontally and vertically, from community areas where relational connections are lost, feeling a sense of ownership is nonexistent and awkward social encounters with unfamiliar faces is abundant. Therefore, gated communities of high-rise apartments need significant modifications to better support the elderly in transitioning and experiencing a shared space with inclusive social activities for a more sustainable urban housing environment. Supporting social activities through housing design for community and community care was discussed.
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Architectural planning is used as a service to set the primary direction of a project during the pre-design stage. It is usually the main task during the institutionalization process of a construction project. Compared to other architectural design services, architectural planning regulatory laws are significantly lacking, most of the current laws are only applicable to large-scale construction work or public projects. This study breaks down architectural planning by dividing it into pre-project and pre-design while specifying what architectural planning service entails. The intention behind this research is to propose an institutional improvement to promote architectural planning services. Case studies from the United States and Germany were analyzed as it pertains to their domestic legal system and their public projects involving architectural planning. Research literature and interviews with experts also helped supplement the classification process of architectural planning into the following seven categories: orientations & objectives, current status & analysis, similar case studies, analysis and reviews on scale & scope of projects, analysis of economic feasibility surveys & strategic initiatives, project planning & management and administrative work. Regarding institutional improvement suggestions, preparing a system to establish appropriate fees for architectural planning services, revising laws to better establish and execute budgets and inviting experts to help stabilize the architectural planning system would be most impactful.
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Due to the change in family dynamics and modern lifestyles, single female house holds are expected to increase. That is to say, the proportion of the group of high anxiety toward crime will be increasing. Therefore, more effective and practical measures to better recognize, mitigate and manage the fear of crime is necessary to establish. This study examines the area around the entrance of a low-rise residential area where young female tenants are daily concerned for their safety. Surveys and eye-tracking experiments were conducted in identifying major physical environmental factors related to the fear of crime in this particular area. This research unveiled that the main physical factors associated with the fear of crime involved the level of attention given to CCTV signs, roads in front of buildings, entrance floors, lighting and windows. For CCTV signs, participants with higher 'General fear of crime' shows lower the attention to CCTV signs. This suggests that making single-person households more aware of the existence of CCTV's by the size or design of the signs could help alleviate the fear of crime. For survey participants with high 'Fear of property crimes' were sensitive to their surrounding environment, therefore, enhancing the private image of an access space through proper lighting installation along with better visualizations of the boundaries for the entrance area and nearby roads were deemed important. it was also significant to develop a maintenance system. Lastly, although attention to windows varied per location, installing a crime preventative tool could be a possible approach to dissipate the fear of physical crime. As these suggested improvements are applied and additional factors discovered, further analysis is needed after each change to find more appropriate methods to mitigate the fear of physical crime.
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A common type of housing in South Korea are apartment units. Among researchers, apartment units are a common research subject to study the different aspects of the planning stage, structural details and construction process. During the planning stage, an often neglected, but very essential topic needing attention would be the inclusion of a checklist. Despite there being a significant amount of research available related to apartment remodeling plans, there is a lack of gathering and extrapolating necessary information to include on a checklist to consider during the initial stages of the planning process. The purpose of this study is to discuss the procedures to plan remodeling floor plans in apartment units and derive checklists that must be considered during the planning stage. Several factors were taken into consideration such as floor plans, structure, environmental performance and economical efficiency prior to creating these different checklists. After establishing a standard planning procedure and judging the suitability of each checklist, it resulted in producing 41 checklists during the eight steps of planning. To factor in vertical extension renovations, structural safety, ventilation performance and lighting performance were also covered. After completing this research, the expectation is that these checklists will be utilized in the early stages of remodeling projects and eventually as the baseline data for remodeling plans that result in floor plans that take surface, structure, environmental performance, economical efficiency and more into account.
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This study proposes a method to derive an optimal alternative to the reinforcement point factoring indoor accessibility by evaluating the physical protection system for architectural facilities with many internal users among nationally significant facilities. The point of high accessibility is when an area is frequently used by insiders; consequently, when security is strengthened, indoor accessibility is lowered. Therefore, a point with a high effect of reinforcement physical protection system was derived while minimizing the deterioration of the indoor accessibility of internal users. To verify, a BIM model based pilot facility was selected, and vulnerability analysis was performed factoring all access routes using a spatial network. For the reinforcement method, improving the performance of the protection point and adding a protection point was considered. As a result of this simulation, 45 intrusion routes, 45 routes of physical protection effectiveness values, and 33 reinforcement alternative points were derived. A total of 72,428 reinforcement cases were analyzed, and 11 optimal alternatives were gleaned. In conclusion, this study was conducted to find alternatives for places that should be strengthened at low cost for facilities needing a physical protection system. The effectiveness of this proposed method was confirmed through a simulation and is possible to potentially use as a quantitative design criteria, evaluation, or reinforcement of a physical protection system for nationally significant facilities.
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BIM technology can obtain a synergistic effect only when it encourages sharing and recycling construction information throughout the building life-cycle. In the domestic AEC environment, however, there are issues with a heavy workload, lack of appropriate content support, and low interoperability of data due to the design process that does not properly reflect these characteristics of BIM. Therefore, this study first redefines BIM-based architectural design work units that integrate the conventional 2D and BIM-based design processes via the functional analysis of the work units, and develops a BIM-based architectural design service platform (called KBIMS-ADS) for architectural design practitioners based on the suggested methodologies. This platform provides a collection of various types of BIM-related data, corresponding to the list of the user selected design work units, in order to increase the efficiency of the work process, allowing for the diversity of BIM-based design projects. Besides, this study performed a survey analysis to verify a data usability and practical applicability of the system.
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The architectural design process requires spatial planning that involves searching for building drawings with similar compositions to the ongoing project. However, the current search methods involve searching for architectural drawings based on a high level of shared similarities in specific details. Spatial elements such as spatial relationships and compositions are vital for design case studies but are complicated search terms for finding similarities in architectural drawings. To extract the spatial relationships in a graph format from a drawing, this research proposes a methodology that utilizes BIM and Dynamo algorithm to detect drawing elements and generate an intersection area that defines the type of drawing based on the adjacency of spatial elements in the drawing. Therefore, the methodology proposed in this paper is a method of building a spatial relationship database that utilizes an algorithm that finds similarities in spatial relationships in existing architectural drawings. It is expected that through this algorithm, architectural design data, which has been qualitatively accumulated so far, can be accumulated in a quantitative form for an automated space planning system that architects can refer to in the spatial planning process.
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This research analyzes the impact of fresh food handling via rapidly expanding online logistic centers based on location and spatial characteristics. Previous studies pertaining to location factor analysis and location theories were used to examine the location and shipping area characteristics of logistics centers in Korea. Moreover, this research classifies space of logistics centers into an inventory area, sub-inventory area, moving area, and a loading area to analyze the spatial arrangements and construction characteristics. The results of this research revealed that fresh food handling logistics centers tend to consider consumption factors important, therefore locating their logistics centers close to a city centre. Regarding spatial characteristics, especially, fresh food handling city logistic centers were found to have individual inventory area and integrated loading area, but no sub-inventory area for shipping.
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This study analyzes the object relations theory by comparing Melanie Klein's personality development theory and Tadao Ando's internal and external spatial composition. The purpose of this research is to provide data for future architectural planning and design by identifying the characteristics of Ando's architectural spaces from the perspective of the object relations theory and to develop a methodology that helps directly apply the object relations theory to contemporary architectural theory. This research resulted in discovering that Ando's enclosed internal spaces are equivalent to the intermediate state that reaches the paranoid-schizoid phase after four months of infancy, which is a paranoid position according to Klein's personality development theory. Ando's opened internal and external spaces with glass curtain walls correspond with the paranoid position. Architectures with Ando's enclosed internal spaces integrated with architectural trails are comparable with the paranoid-schizoid position. Also, Ando's internal and external spaces, which correspond with the depressive state, are architectural works with inside and outside boundary spaces. Lastly, the development process of Ando's interior and exterior special composition is similar to the process of separating self and external objects in the infant's self-mental structure in Klein's personality development theory, except that the paranoid position and the stage of mental structure development after four months of infancy are in reverse order.
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Deleuze emphasized the concept of 'Expression' to break from the conventional and figurative paintings that focused more on visual representation. His emphasis to artists was the concept of 'The Figural' and for the tactile sensation to be more incorporated in art than mere visuals. Through the tactile sensation smudges are generated within the features of new paintings. Deleuze also suggested in Coop Himmelb(l)au's 'Open House' drawing that the features of figural representation are evident while reflecting the novelty of architecture by utilizing the blind drawing. The architectural features represent the figures not from the ground, encompasses a collage of tactile sensation, captures the linear form that presents the flow of force and generates the quality of blind drawing's 'The Manual'.
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Herzog and de Meuron discussed the ways that fine art influenced their architecture; they both acknowledged generic boundaries while emphasizing their interest in anti-formalism and superficial images. They also compared their work to the Minimal Art and Pop Art movements that prevailed in the 1960s. In Minimal Art, artists worked with materiality and phenomenological perception. Additionally, Joseph Beuys's influence on Herzog and de Meuron is apparent in the way they treated materials as a process of accommodating natural changes over time. One can also rightly compare the facades of Herzog and de Meuron's buildings to Pop Art screens. In Pop Art, the screen acts as a floating sign by repeating an image that has no referential depth. According to Hal Foster, one observes the Pop collapse of the phenomenological into the imaginary in Herzog and de Meuron's architecture. Notably, the characteristics of individual art movements appear in a complex way in their architecture. This study explores three ways in which one can observe Minimal and Pop dialectics. Regarding their architectural approach, it ensures that a material's surface reflects an image by disturbing one's perception of its physical properties of hiding or distorting the materials' weight or structural properties, rendering a screen-like image. By juxtaposing material substances and the pop image, their architecture encourages an ambivalent perception between materiality and immateriality. Lastly, the minimal forms they employ create its own kind of flat wide screen, upon which they place repeated patterns. Such characteristics are the result of Herzog and de Meuron's strategy to reinterpret conventional materiality and juxtapose objects and images. These results were based on the specificity of the architectural conditions. As one moves away from an object, one's perception of the building shifts from interpreting the object as an image to a physical object. In describing this phenomenon, Foster used a negative nuanced phrase: "the pop collapse of the phenomenological." However, when recast into architectural conditions, one can interpret the same phenomenon as "a pop transformation of the phenomenological thing" or as "a phenomenological transformation of the pop."
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This study examines the urban changes of Hamhung city during the Japanese colonial period focusing on the road system, the location of official buildings and urban plans. In 1906, the Hamhung city wall was ruined by the Japanese military, since then Japan built new roads that run through the city wall. During the early Japanese colonial period, a new road that extended east to west and connected to the surrounding areas was built. In the late 1920's, Japan made a blueprint of Hamhung city due to the rapid development of railways and industrial areas around the city. In 1930, the Hamhung city council even made an urban plan to promote Hamhungbu(咸興府) as the "Great Hamhung City''. The Japanese government and the general of Korea announced the urban plan of Hamhung(咸興市街地計劃) to be separated into three zones. The first zone was located south of Hamhung close to the Industrial area. The second zone was Hamhung station plaza where the residential and commercial districts were located. Lastly, the third zone was northeast of Hamhung for the purpose of expanding the city's area. Due to this urban plan, Hamhung's city center was moved from the west to the east side.
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This study examines the transition process of Daeseong-dong Village located in the Demilitarized Zone on the Korean Peninsula from the 1950s to the 1980s and reinterprets the meaning of the formation of Daeseong-dong Village, which has been known only as a village for propaganda against North Korea. Daeseong-dong Village was developed three times in 1959, 1971~1972, and 1979~1983, with new layout plans being implemented for each development, and new types of houses being built, transforming it into a village specialized in propaganda against North Korea. In particular, the first comprehensive development project of Daeseong-dong Village became an ideal village in general rural areas in Korea in the early 1970s as a demonstration village of the Saemaul Movement. In addition, Daeseong-dong Village played a role as a demonstration village of a Unification Village(Tongilchon) established in a special area called a Civilian Control Zone located in the border regions.
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The city of San Francisco is an advanced example of an integrated use of pedestrian space. From the installation plan to the operation management plan, an integrated utilization method to activate the pedestrian space was used. in this study, implications were derived by analyzing installation standards and utilization programs for activating walking spaces in San Francisco, USA Space owned by the public and space owned by the private sector were analyzed, and the results are largely three. 1)San Francisco enables the use of public spaces and generation of profits to the private sector through guidelines, and public institutions support them. 2) For privately owned spaces, the public has established and actively operated standards for activating walking spaces. 3) The sustainability of the walking space is secured by utilizing tax revenues, etc. generated from automobiles as resources for walking spaces, and other resources are utilizing the private budget.
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In urban residential areas, apartment complexes can be heavily impacted by heat waves and other adverse weather conditions creating a need to analyze and reduce any vulnerabilities caused by extreme temperatures, differences in locations and quantity of design elements related to green and Piloti. This study is a comparative analysis of a CFD simulation involving 28 different scenarios of apartment complexes with varying arrangements of green and piling. When a-type was compared, placing pilings increased the average temperature and wind speed within the complex. When b, c, and d types were compared, the top six types that showed the lowest average temperature at the height of 1.5m showed the order of Bc
B(c>d>b)>C(d>c>b)>Dc>E(b>c>d)>A(d>c>b)>Dd=Fc>G(b>c>d)>F(b>d). The average temperature of the 28 types depended upon the arrangement of green and piling, which resulted in the order of B Several issues still haven't been resolved with respect to apartment house remodeling in Korea. Such issues include regulations regarding remodeling permission, excessive alteration of structural design, complicated review process of the structural stability, and many others, making it difficult to promote the apartment remodeling. In this study, the laws and procedures related to permit regulations of remodeling are classified into four categories and analyzed. Those categories are: permission for remodeling, plans to alter rights, deliberation, and safety inspection. According to the analysis of the relevant laws and regulations, it is found that a number of current laws do not conform to the purpose of apartment house remodeling, and they are even in conflict with other regulations due to the lack of coherence and inconsistency. As such, to prevent excessive costs and processing time during a remodeling project, an improvement plan is suggested regarding the review of structural stability, which is a major issue in the current remodeling market. In addition, it is essential to establish standards for the approval of project plans and donations, reflecting the nature of the apartment house remodeling. Such improvements in the laws and regulations related to the remodeling of apartment house would promote the market in Korea, and is expected to provide critical help to solve the aging house issue in Korea.The Korean government introduced a private-initiative park project to prevent further environmental damage caused by the abolition of parks. The private-initiative park project is expected to affect the connectivity of the green space system by creating a part of the park site as a non-park facility. The purpose of this study is to analyze the change in the connectivity of the green space system in relation to the private-initiative park project. The spatial scope of this study is in Cheongju, Korea. There were 8 private-initiative park projects selected as research subjects. The IIC indicator and d_IIC indicator, which are widely used in the analysis of green space connectivity, were used as analysis methods. Changes in connectivity according to four scenarios were simulated. Upon analysis, the results revealed that private-initiative park projects can reduce the overall connectivity of green spaces. The connectivity of private-initiative park projects can be improved compared to the situation of unplanned development while maintaining the current state. Lastly, changes in connectivity due to private-initiative park projects vary by region. This study was meaningful as an early study that analyzed private-initiative park projects in terms of the connectivity of green areas and is expected to be used for the improvement of the park and green space system in the future.In this study, policy changes in the mandatory installation of new and renewable energy in public buildings and the local government's mandatory installation of new and renewable energy in private buildings are compared and reviewed, and the limitations and maintenance of new and renewable energy currently used in buildings. It aims to contribute to the development of new and renewable energy installation policies in the future by identifying problems and suggesting improvement measures. The methods and procedures of this study are as follows. First, the policy changes in the mandatory installation of new and renewable energy in public buildings are divided into the initial period, transition period, and settlement period, and the characteristics of policies according to each period are identified, and the change process of unit energy production and correction coefficient by new and renewable energy source was investigated. Second, the new and renewable energy installation policies of the green building design standards according to local government ordinances including Seoul and Busan were compared and reviewed with respect to the mandatory ratio of new and renewable energy for private buildings. Third, to expand the scope of new and renewable energy sources in the future by investigating and analyzing the limitations in terms of installation and maintenance according to the mandatory ratio of installation of new and renewable energy sources such as solar, geothermal, and fuel cells currently used in buildings, suggested the improvement plans.Due to climate change coupled with the increase of zoonotic diseases, infectious diseases are more likely to occur and spread in the future; therefore, new alternatives and methods related to treatment environments should be considered. Under the global landscape of the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients who need to be cared for through negative isolation rooms is increasing. Consequently, it is essential to secure temporary medical facilities that can remain operational during a pandemic. These facilities must be safe and secured so that public confidence is increased, and treatment expedited. This study proposes a reference model and HVAC design criteria for mobile negative pressure isolation room modular systems to minimize cross-infection inside the health care space and ensure the safety of health care workers (HCWs) as well as securing rapid medical service supplies. The mobile negative pressure isolation room module basically reflects the one-way airflow direction from clean zone to dirty zone, and appropriate differential pressure control that separates the air environment between the HCW's and the patient. If properly installed, the location of the exhaust air vents need to be directly above the patient's bed, specifically on the wall near the head of the bed. The installation of the headboard on the patient's bed as an exhaust air ventilation location was considered for infection prevention and control when performing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs).In this study, as a method to reduce the energy consumption of the radiant floor heating system, the heating energy reduction was studied using PCM, a latent heat storage device. A 44℃ PCM was installed under the heating pipe of the mock-up laboratory with the standard floor structure applied, and the temperature change and energy consumption according to the PCM application were compared through the experiment. For the experiment, two mock-up laboratories of the same standard were established outdoors. A general radiant floor heating system and a PCM system were applied to each laboratory, and the indoor air temperature, floor surface temperature, heating hot water temperature, and heating energy consumption were measured to compare the temperature change and energy consumption of each room. As a result of the experiment, when PCM was applied, both the time to reach the maximum temperature from the start of heating operation decreased in the case of indoor air temperature and floor surface temperature. As a result of comparison of hot water temperature, it was confirmed that when PCM was applied, heating was operated for a shorter time, and heating energy consumption was also reduced.The purpose of this study is to develop an intelligent model that can estimate the clothing insulation (CLO) of occupants using real-time images. Also, performance and applicability of the model to the actual environment were analyzed through the experiment. A total of 16 individual garments and 9 clothing ensembles were set for the model development. The model was developed using the YOLOv5 network and trained on the collected clothing data. The classification performance of the developed model was denoted as 86.7% on average. The applicability of the model was evaluated using the real-time images of the subjects in the test-bed. As a result, the insulation value of the clothing ensembles can be accurately estimated with the MAE of 0.01 clo. This study confirmed the outstanding performance of the CLO estimation model and its high applicability to the actual indoor environment. Therefore, employing the CLO estimation model can contribute to improvement of occupant's thermal comfort, and it is expected to be applied to various systems capable of PMV-based control.After the 2016 Kyoung-Ju and 2017 Po-Hang earthquakes, securing seismic performance of non-structural elements as well as structural elements of buildings has become an important design issue in Korea. Suspended ceilings can cause damage to life and property to residents due to the falling of finishing materials or collapse of ceiling frame members during earthquakes, and in particular, it can cause secondary damage by blocking the evacuation route. According to KDS 41 17 00, if the ceiling area of the Seismic design category D building exceeds 250 m2, a seismic bracing system must be applied. This paper proposes a rigid bracing system to secure the seismic performance of the steel panel T-bar ceiling system, and evaluates the performance through the shake table test. Through experiments on two ceiling systems with different bracing arrangements, dynamic behaviors such as natural frequencies and relative displacements were analyzed, and the cause of panel separation during earthquakes was found. It was found that the relative displacement between the grid members was the biggest cause of panel detachment of the rigid braced ceiling system. In order to reduce the relative in-plane displacement of the ceiling, a method of narrowing the spacing between the braces or increasing the in-plane rigidity may be used.Maximizing limited land within Korea has led to the rapid development of apartment buildings. Regardless of a city's size, massive apartment complexes have sprung up everywhere to accommodate local residents as an essential form of private property. The value of an apartment building not only plays a significant role in the surrounding infrastructure, but also in the subsequent maintenance issues. Inevitably, defects surface within apartment buildings, in particular the finishing defects account for 60% of the total defects found. The proportion of tile defects is also quite high; although multiple factors contribute to tile defects, they are heavily affected by the coefficient of thermal expansion. Korea experiences four distinct seasons, which causes building damage from condensation build up and freezing conditions. These damages are directly made evident to building tenants. In this study, temperature and humidity data from five cities over a ten-year span was collected and the number of complaints received regarding building defects were gathered to further analyze the impact of each factor.Due to construction work being done outdoors, construction workers are affected by harmful environmental factors such as Particulate Matter (PM10) with a diameter of 10 ug/m3 or less. If directly inhaled by humans, it could have a fatal impact. Contrary to the diverse analysis available regarding the health impact of PM10, there is not much research to be found in the correlation between construction accidents and PM10 levels. Therefore, this study aims to analyze this relationship and its relative importance. The method used involved collecting data, classifying data, analyzing the relative importance of construction accidents by concentration of PM10, correlation analysis between accidents and PM10 and variance analysis of concentration levels of PM10 at construction accident sites. This analysis resulted in discovering that most accidents occurred when the average level of PM10 (31ug/m3) was present. Regarding relative importance, it was identified that the frequency of construction accidents had a significant positive relationship with the level of PM10 (R=0.846), the highest was at the level of PM10 (123 ug/m3). This study suggests that high levels of PM10 is a potential cause of accidents occurring at construction sites.During a fire, it is of utmost importance to provide reliable building information and secure a fire response system for proper and safe evacu ation of building occupants. Every building offers different and changing fire/building information. So for buildings, it is highly recommended to upgrade to an integrated 3D/BIM linked fire response system. The purpose of this upgrade to the 3D/BIM model is not solely because of the solid design, but more so for its usability and visuals to quickly extract needed building information in an emergency. In suggesting this method, the aim is to better secure a quick response from fire personnel and provide essential building information for evacuation and rescue to save lives.
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