Objectives: The object of this study was to observe the in vitro antibacterial effects of Chungdae-tang aqueous extracts, traditionally used for treating various gynecological diseases including vaginitis in Korea against Gardnerella vaginalis, and combination effects of Chungdae-tang extracts with Clindamycin were also monitored in this study. Methods: Antibacterial activities against Gardnerella vaginalis of Chungdae-tang aqueous extracts were detected using standard agar microdilution methods. In addition, the effects on the bacterial growth curve were also monitored at MIC and MIC${\times}$2 levels. The combination effects of Chungdae-tang aqueous extracts with Clindamycin were observed by Checkerboard microtiter assay, and the effects of bacterial growth curve treated with or Chungdae-tang aqueous extracts MIC+Clindamycin MIC, 1/2MIC and 1/4MIC, respectively. In the present study, Gardnerella vaginalis were incubated under $37^{\circ}C$, 10% $CO_2$; and bacterial growth curves were calculated at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120hrs after incubations. Results: MIC of Chungdae-tang aqueous extracts against Gardnerella vaginalis were detected as $3.906{\pm}2.344$(0.782~6.250) mg/$m\ell$, respectively. MIC of Clindamycin was detected as $0.010{\pm}0.006$(0.004~0.016) ${\mu}g/m\ell$ at same conditions. In addition, Clindamycin and Chungdae-tang aqueous extracts also showed marked dosage-dependent inhibition of bacterial growth, and more dramatical inhibitions were detected in Clindamycin+Chungdae-tang aqueous extracts MIC treatment as compared with each of single Clindamycin MIC and Chungdae-tang aqueous extracts MIC treatments, respectively. In addition, quite similar inhibitory effects on bacterial growth were detected in Clindamycin 1/4 MIC+Chungdae-tang aqueous extracts MIC treatment as compared with single Clindamycin MIC treatment in the present study. FIC index in combination of Chungdae-tang and Clindamycin were detected as $0.775{\pm}0.285$ (0.500~1.250) at Checkerboard microtiter assay. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study suggest that Chungdae-tang aqueous extracts showed antibacterial effects against Gardnerella vaginalis, and it also showed dosage-dependent inhibitory effects on the bacterial growth. In addition, combination treatment of Chungdae-tang aqueous extract with Clindamycin showed more potent inhibitory effects on the growth of Gardnerella vaginalis with FIC index $0.775{\pm}0.285$(0.500~1.250), respectively. It means, the combination of Chungdae-tang aqueous extract with Clindamycin is partially synergistic effects. It, therefore, is expected that effective dosages of Clindamycin will be reduced to 1/4 or over 1/4 levels as combination with Chungdae-tang extracts, respectively.

Objectives: This study was performed to elucidate the effects of Danchisoyo-san (DS) on cell damage and gene expression in UVB-exposed dermal fibroblast. Methods: To demonstrate the inhibitory effects of DS on aging of the skin, we used human dermal fibroblast(F6) and UVB light(30 mJ/$cm^2$) was used to damage to dermal fibroblast. We measured the nitrite production, LDH release, and gene expression in UVB-irradiated dermal fibroblast to elucidate the actionmechanism of DS. Also, we evaluated the amount of increased PICP, TIMP-1 in dermal fibroblast. PICP, TIMP-1 concentration was measured using EIA kit, and gene expression (MMP-1, procollagen, c-fos, c-jun, NF-kB, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, iNOS) were determined using real-time PCR. Results: 1. DS inhibited LDH-release, nitrite production in UVB-irradiated dermal fibroblast. 2. DS suppressed the gene expression of MMP-1 in UVB-irradiated dermal fibroblast. 3. DS increased the gene expression of procollagen in UVB-iradiated dermal fibroblast. 4. DS suppressed the gene expression of c-jun, c-fos, NF-kB, iNOS in UVBirradiated dermal fibroblast. 5. DS increased the gene expression of Bcl-2 in UVB-iradiated dermal fibroblast. 6. DS increased the cell proliferation of dermal fibroblast. Conclusions: From the results, we concluded DS increases the cell proliferation and collagen synthesis in dermal fibroblast. So we suggest that DS has the antiwrinkle effects.

Objectives: This study was performed to assess the protective effect of Saengmaek-san (SM) on UVB-induced HaCaT cell damage. Methods: The protective effects of Saengmaek-san(SM) were determined by UVB-induced HaCaT assay. We assessed protective effects of Saengmaek-san (SM) on LDH release and nitrite release from HaCaT. And COX-2, Bcl-2, Bax, $TNF{\alpha}$, c-jun, c-fos, NF-kB, iNOS, Bcl-xL gene expression were determined in HaCaT using real-time PCR method. Results: 1. SM inhibited LDH-release, nitrite production in UVB-exposed HaCaT. 2. SM suppressed the gene expression of COX-2, $TNF{\alpha}$ in UVB-exposed HaCaT. 3. SM increased the gene expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-xL family protein in UVB-exposed HaCaT. 4. SM suppressed the gene expression of c-jun, c-fos, NF-kB in UVB-exposed HaCaT. Conclusions: The study showed SM inhibited the cell damage in UVB-exposed HaCaT.

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the effects of Jokyeongjongok -Tang(JJT) on the progression of the estradiol valerate(EV)-induced polycystic ovaries(PCO) in rats. Methods: PCO was induced by single intramuscular injection with estradiol valerate(EV)(4 mg) in female rats. Normal group(n=8) were injected with sesame oil and orally administrated distilled water for sixty days. PCO control group (n=8) were injected with EV and orally administrated distilled water for sixty days. JJT treated group(n=8) were injected with EV and orally administrated JJT for same duration. At the end day of experiment, we measured weights of body, ovaries, adrenal glands and uterus. The histopathological changes of ovaries were also evaluated. And we observed the NGF and CRF expression by immunohistochemistry. Results: The results were as follows - The weights(mg) of ovaries of JJT treated group($58.4{\pm}9.4$) were significantly increased(p<0.01) compared with PCO control group($42.3{\pm}8.5$). - The numbers of mature follicles of JJT treated group($10.1{\pm}2.5$) were significantly increased(p<0.01) compared with PCO control group($6.1{\pm}2.1$). - The numbers of cystic follicles of JJT treated group($1.8{\pm}1.4$) were significantly decreased(p<0.05) compared with PCO control group($3.8{\pm}1.5$). - The expressions of NGF-immunoreactive cells in the ovaries of JJT treated group were weaker than PCO control group. Conclusions: From the above results, we concluded that Jokyeongjongok-Tang (JJT) contributes to a normal maturation of follicles and has the effects of promoting a normal ovulation. And these effects may be related with the decreased NGF activities in the ovaries.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the perception that women in 20s and 30s have on Traditional Korean Medical(TKM) treatment on the leukorrhea. Methods: We studied the perception of TKM treatment by questionnaire From October 1 to November 20, 2010. A questionnaire was given to 50 women and we studied 47 except 3 questionnaire which have inappropriate answer. Results: 1. In 47 women, 46(97.9%) women have heard about leukorrhea, 1(2.1%) woman hasn't heard about it. 2. In 32 women who suffered from the leukorrhea, 14(43.8%) women checked up for leukorrhea. 18(56.2%) women doesn't checked. 10 of 14 women took the medical treatment (drug or injection) and 2 of 14 women took the TKM treatment. 3. In 32 women, 16(50.0%) women know about TKM treatment for leukorrhea, 16(50.0%) women don't know. 4. In 32 women, 20(62.5%) women have intention of TKM treatment for leukorrhea, 2(6.2%) women don't have, and 10(31.3%) women don't know. The biggest obstacle was the high cost of TKM treatment. Conclusions: Many women are willing to take TKM treatment on the leukorrhea. We need more accumulation of data for demonstrating the efficacy and safety of TKM treatment.

Objectives: This study was to investigate clinical usage of Guibi-tang based on actual application in obstetrics and gynecology. Methods: This study investigated the number of patients who were prescribed Guibi-tang-gami-bang and what herbal medicines were adjusted according to their chief complaint from January 1st, 2007 to August 31th, 2008. Results: The number of patients who were prescribed Guibi-tang for obstetrics and gynecological diseases at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology was 721. Guibi-tang has been used to treat menstrual irregularity, postpartum general weakness, postpartum pantalgia, perimenopausal symptoms and postmenopausal syndrome most frequently. And Guibi-tang has been widely used in obstetric and gynecologic diseases such as general weakness after abortion or gynecological surgery, pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, uterine myoma, endometriosis, infertility, premenstrual syndrome, urinary incontinence and breast disease. Conclusions: Guibi-tang can be used in obstetric and gynecologic diseases as described in classical oriental medicine literatures, and it is necessary to research clinical usage of Guibi-tang through randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: Recently, high attention has been drawn towards evidence based medicine(EBM). However, there is little follow study after Park's analysis research (2002) in the journal of oriental gynecology. Therefore, there is a need to conduct analyzed research on the topic, due to the increasing interest about EBM. Methods: To analyze the treatises of the journal of oriental gynecology, we examined 56 journals published from 1987 to 2010. we followed the way of Park, classifying treatises into bibliographic, experimental and clinical categories. Results: Analytic research, as a part of clinical treatises, increased rapidly from 2001. As a result, it took 53.3% of whole study in general after 2002 and it reached up to 70.0% in 2004. Most part of clinical treatises until 2002 was about case report of patients, but the amount of clinical trial started to increase since 2003. Case report and case series showed dramatic increase after 2001, and clinical trial started to increase after 2003. As a result, 43.8% of the analyzed research was due to clinical trial by 2009. Conclusions: On the base of this research, quality evaluation of clinical treatises using guality assessment tool is needed for EBM in the part of oriental obstetrics & gynecology.

Objectives: The paper of 2001, China Medicine junguiyak stomach sickness9) proposed by the stomach is associated with digestive function, using dialectical gisulpyo PMS group to assess the patient's stomach function was to evaluate the diagnostic features. Methods: October 1, 2010 to November 15, 2010 women of childbearing age against a total of 25 people have responded to the survey was a random survey, 23 patients except two who were against the PMS 10 and 13 who were classified non-PMS group. Results: 1. Age group and non-PMS PMS theses, menstrual period is there was no statistically significant difference between the history of both the pill and had no information available on careers. 2. When comparing the total score PMS score was higher than in non-PMS group. This is a non-PMS PMS patients than in patients stomach functions normally fall. 3. Digestive function of the type of group, less PMS GanGi-woolche, Ganwool-Bihu, Bihu-Damsub, Hanyul-Chakchab significant difference in the items were found. 4. Digestive function of the type of group, less PMS GanGi-woolche the most significant was the type of apologetics. Conclusions: GanGi-woolche type was the most significant mental stress and autonomic tone of the PMS group, the higher the patient was likely to be included. Previously associated with HRV in the GanGi-woolche in a study evaluating the autonomic nervous system can be said to have relevance.

Objectives: This study is to report the effect of oriental medicine on a cervical incompetence patient. Methods: The effectiveness of surgical cerclage in the cervical incompetence have had prolonged controversy. Herbal medicine was given to a cervical incompetence patient whom was suggested surgical cerclage. The patient was a 40-year-old female and treated with Dojeukgangki-tang gagambang. Results: After oriental herbal treatment, the clinical symptom of a cervical incompetence was improved and maintained, the patient was delivered in 38 weeks through cesarian section. Conclusions: Oriental herbal medicine and treatment have possibility to be a useful alternative to the surgical cerclage on cervical incompetence on the basis of more persistent study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the clinical effectiveness of oriental medicine on genital eczema. Methods: The Yongdamsagan-tang was used for relieving pruritus, skin flare and the other symptoms. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated with inspection and patient's report. Results: After treatments, the symptoms of genital and hand eczema were improved and the patient has not reoccurred. Conclusions: This case report shows that the herbal medication relieves the pruritus, skin flare and the other symptoms caused by genital eczema.

Objectives: This paper was aim to report the effects of Gamisoyosan-gagambang (加味逍遙散加味方) on the Primary Dysmenorrhea patients. Methods: Two patients who had been suffering from primary dysmenorrhea were enrolled in this study. They received oriental treatment such as herbal medicine. We gave them Gamisoyosan-gagambang several times. During the treatments, we requested them to visit hospital once every two weeks. If they could not come to hospital, we called them to take follow-up. The progress of symptoms was evaluated by visual analogue scale(VAS). Results: After treatment, most symptoms were improved and also VAS was reduced. Conclusions: This clinical cases indicate that Gamisoyosan-gagambang is effective in treatment of the primary dysmenorrhea patients. More clinical data and studies are requested for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to asses the effects of oriental medicine on premature ovarian failure. Methods: The patient in this case was 30-year-old female. The chief complain is oligomenorrhea. By serum hormone assay and history interview, we diagnosed premature ovarian failure. She was treated by oriental treatments, such as herbal medicine and acupuncture. And then we estimated the results of treatment by follow-up measurements of serum hormone level. Results: After treatments, symptoms of premature ovarian failure was improved, level of serum gonadotropin decreased and level of serum $E_2$ increased. We confirmed the improvement of case by follow-up measurements of serum hormone level. Conclusions: This results of serum hormone assay showed how medically effective oriental treatments of premature ovarian failure.