• Toxicological Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.149-155
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• 2013

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane receptors; approximately 40% of drugs on the market target GPCRs. A precise understanding of the activation mechanism of GPCRs would facilitate the development of more effective and less toxic drugs. Heterotrimeric G proteins are important molecular switches in GPCR-mediated signal transduction. An agonist-activated receptor interacts with specific sites on G proteins and promotes the release of GDP from the $G{\alpha}$ subunit. Because of the important biological role of the GPCR-G protein coupling, conformational changes in the G protein upon receptor coupling have been of great interest. One of the most important questions was the interface between the GPCR and G proteins and the structural mechanism of GPCR-induced G protein activation. A number of biochemical and biophysical studies have been performed since the late 80s to address these questions; there was a significant breakthrough in 2011 when the crystal structure of a GPCR-G protein complex was solved. This review discusses the structural aspects of GPCR-G protein coupling by comparing the results of previous biochemical and biophysical studies to the GPCR-G protein crystal structure.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.6 s.53
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• pp.168-176
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• 2005

This study is a understanding on technological specific expression to reflect of a research institute in modern architecture. For this study, it separately reduce space program, plan program, design elements of elevation, structural system, mechanical system, building material program to its expressional elements of research institute. Also, it's arranged about a specificity that is expressed for technology each plan elements of a research institute. As a result, elements what is expressive of technology on research institute are influenced an aesthetic expression, expression of an arrangement system, structural expression, expression of architectural organization, and it influences more getting feels technological specificity expressed an aesthetic, structural system, architectural composition, mechanical distribution system in order of their magnitude. This is offered suggestion what must be an achievable complex both a simply technological expression and aesthetic expression.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.371-385
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• 2013

Vibration isolators and anti-vibration mounts are ideal, for example, in creating floating floors for gymnasiums, or performance spaces. However, it is well-known that there are great difficulties on isolating vibration transmission in structural steel components, especially steel floors. Besides, the selection of inertia blocks, which are usually used by engineers as an effective vibration control measure, is usually based on crude methods or the experience of the engineers. Thus, no simple method or indices have been available for assessing the effect of inertia blocks on vibration isolation or stability of vibratory systems. Thus, the aims of this research are to provide further background description using a FE model and present and implement a modal approach, that was validated experimentally, the latter assisting in providing improved understanding of the vibration transmission phenomenon in steel buildings excited by a velocity-source type of excitation. A better visualization of the mean-square velocity distribution in the frequency domain is presented using the concept of modal expansion. Finally, the variation of the mean-square velocity with frequency, whilst varying mass and/or stiffness of the coupled system, is presented.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.511-524
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• 2020

Advancements in materialistic life styles and increasing awareness about adverse climatic changes and its negative effects on human life have been the driving force of finding new and clean sources of energy. Wind power has become technologically mature and commercially acceptable on global scale. However, fossil fuels have been the major sources of energy in most countries, renewable energy (particularly wind) is now booming worldwide. To cope with this wind energy technology, various related aspects have to be understood by the scientific, engineering, utility, and contracting communities. This study is an effort towards the understanding of the (i) wind turbine blade and tower structural stability issues, (ii) turbine blade and tower failures and remedial measures, (iii) weather and seismic effects on turbine blade and tower failures, (iv) gear box failures, and (v) turbine blade and tower failure analysis tools.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1127-1136
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• 2010

Yogurt gels are a type of soft solid, and these networks are relatively dynamic systems that are prone to structural rearrangements. The physical properties of yogurt gels can be qualitatively explained using a model for casein interactions that emphasizes a balance between attractive (e.g., hydrophobic attractions, casein cross-links contributed by calcium phosphate nanoclusters and covalent disulfide cross-links between caseins and denatured whey proteins) and repulsive (e.g., electrostatic or charge repulsions, mostly negative at the start of fermentation) forces. Various methods are discussed to investigate the physical and structural attributes of yogurts. Various processing variables are discussed which influence the textural properties of yogurts, such as total solids content, heat treatment, and incubation temperatures. A better understanding of factors contributing to the physical and structural attributes may allow manufacturers to improve the quality of yogurt.

• Architectural research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.27-35
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• 2008

Because of several advantages of mortar-filled sleeve splice in reinforced concrete buildings, this method is being applied increasingly at construction sites and various methods of the splice have been developed in Korea and other countries. In order to apply this system in the field, studies on mortar-filled sleeve splice have been mainly experimental research focused on overall structural performance. However, for understanding the structural characteristics of this splice more accurately, we need to study the confining effect of sleeve, which is known to affect bond strength between filling mortar and reinforcing bar, the most important structural elements of the bar splice. Thus, in order to examine the confinement effect of mortar-filled steel pipe sleeve splice, the present study prepared actual-size specimens of steel pipe sleeve splice, and conducted a loading. Using the test results, we analyzed how the confining effect of steel pipe sleeve affects the bond strength of this splice and obtained data for developing more reasonable methods of designing the splice of reinforcement.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for the Gifted Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.173-180
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify common and domain-specific cognitive characteristics of gifted students based on a hierarchical structural model of human abilities. This study is based on the premise that abilities identified by tests can appear as observable characteristics in test or school situations. Abilities proposed by major models of intelligence were reviewed in terms of their power to explain cognitive characteristics of gifted students. However, due to the lack of their explanatory power and disagreement on common and domain-specific cognitive abilities, a new hierarchical structural model was conceptualized in a unique way based on interrelationships between abilities proposed by the models. The newly established model hypothesizes a cognitive mechanism that accounts for how domain-specific knowledge is formed, as well as which abilities are common and domain-specific, how they are related functionally, and how they account for common and domain-specific cognitive characteristics of gifted students. The cognitive mechanism has important implications for our understanding of the chronically controversial concepts, 'intelligence' and 'knowledge.' Clearer definitions of what intelligence is (g or multiple), what knowledge is, and how knowledge develops ('genetic or environmental,' 'rationalistic or empiricist') may result from this model.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.149-156
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• 1993

Precast concrete (P.C.) large panel structures have usually weaker stiffness at joints than that of monolithic in-situ reinforced concrete structures. But structural designers do not in general take into account this characteristics of P. C. large panel structures and use the same analytical models as for the monolithic structure. Therefore, the results of analysis obtained by using these models may be quite different from those actually occuring in real P.C. structure. In this study, the change in force and stress distribution and deflections of structure caused by applying lower shear stiffness at vertical joints are investigated through trying several finite element modeling schemes specific for P.C. structures. Finally, for engineers in practice. a simplified model, which takes account of the effect of lower shear stiffness at vertical joints, is proposed with the understanding on possible amount of errors.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.105-118
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• 2007

On September $11^{th}$ 2001, the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City were struck by two hijacked airplanes. Despite severe local damage induced by the impact, the towers were able to sustain 102 and 56 minutes of the subsequent multi-storey fires before collapsing. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the in-fire performance of composite trusses by examining the behaviour of the longer-span type used in the towers. It makes no attempt to be a forensic study of the actual events. Using the finite element package Vulcan, the structural mechanics of typical long-span composite floor trusses are explained, under a variety of scenarios, as the fire temperatures rise. Different boundary conditions, degrees of protection and loading are all covered, the results being presented mainly in the form of graphs of deflection and internal force of members against time.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.129-146
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of knowledge management on the organizational performance by using structural equation model and to suggest new integrated framework about knowledge management by understanding the determinants of organizational capability to knowledge management in social capital point of view. To serve the purpose of this study, we conducted the extensive survey on 256 Korean companies in diverse industries including the manufacturing. Specifically, from the empirical result of this study, we identified that knowledge management performs more actively as the level of social capital increases, and the company that achieve knowledge management actively shows relatively higher performance than one that do not. On the other hand, among the sub-factors composing the social capital, Vision/Purpose/Value and Norms of Reciprocity directly affect to the organizational performance without knowledge management.