• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2006년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회 논문집
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• pp.117-121
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• 2006

This study intends to suggest the effective methods for water leakage prevention around the windows in stone works to up-grade the outdoor public space that has been taken much portion of apartment housing trends. The subjects of the study was selected among the domestic subcontractors of stone works. There are four methods for water leakage prevention around the windows; Firstly, the painting water-proof method after the masonry. Secondly, the urethane water-proof method after galvanizing panels on the gap. Thirdly, the separation method between stone and substructure and the last one is water-proof method that they put some water-proof screen between stone and substructure with the EPDM sheets. According to the analysis of the water-proof effects, constructability and planning, we could approach to conclusion that the most influent items to the water-leakage are the filling material's deformation, the state of oxygenation and deterioration of work skill. Among the water-proof methods in construction the EPDM sheet is most excellent water-proof method to meet the technical conditions. However, we have to apply it to stone works as a water-proof method for the decrease of the leakage defects after standardizing the materials, test and construction skill because there are many work skills according the subcontractors.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.94-100
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• 1999

Stone is one of the oldest material for construction and artistic works. This study investigates the current use of stones in landscape constructional works, and the design criteria to advance the arts of natural stone arrangements. Thirty four experts and thirty two others were surveyed with various photos of simulated construction works of natural stone arrangements fond improved design guidelines. Major findings are as follows: -The payment for the use of stones ranges approximately 5 to 10% of total cost of landscape constructional works. More stones may be used when better retailing system is introduced, working skill is standardized, and more of the substitute natural stones made of blasted rocks are provided and the cost goes down. -Preferences showed little difference for the mixed use of different sizes, colors and shapes of stones, and for the use of similar ones, in the construction of walls. This does not match with the current design guidelines. -Arranging three stones, which symbolizes heaven, earth, and human being, was the most preferred. As the supply of natural stones is limited and more substitute stones are used, it its needed to establish guidelines for the production of substitute stones. -Grasses are much more preferred between pavement stones than mortars. -In current practices, top of piled up natural stones is usually arranged level. More freely curved top lines are preferred to straight line.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.61-75
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• 2011

This study aims to investigate the changing aspects about research methodology of stone pagoda from the period of Japanese colonial to now. There were the differences in purpose, method and analysis of the research according to each period. In Japanese colonial period, the purpose of research was to make lists of almost stone pagodas in Korea. Following this, Japanese researchers conducted detailed research for academic purpose. They took measurements of stone pagodas and made drawings. After liberation the research was focused on the relics contained in pagodas. They proceeded to investigate the inner relics in order to attract the attention of the people. In the late 1900's, the repair works of cultural heritages were increased. Many reports of the repair works were released and sent to administration offices. The reports contained the change aspects of situation between before work and after with drawings or simple investigation documents. In the 1990's, the restoration works for important stone pagodas were started by the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage. Since then, researches from various way - architectural and conservational researches about historical interpretation, shape, structure, proportion, technique, etc. - progressed for careful restoration and accurate study. In Recent years, various professional organizations(in the field of structure, physics, chemistry, biology, lithology, etc.) started to join the researches. Researches conducted studies directly with the stone pagodas, as well as conducting indirect studies with the stone pagodas, such as the structural stability of stone pagodas, the characteristics of rock, and conservation chemicals. Today the research project 'The preservation project of stone cultural property' is being conducted by the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage. The purpose of this project is to gain more detailed and accurate investigation documents to be provided for the people. In conclusion, researches from various fields must be included in the research. Furthermore, a synthetic study should be done through comparing similar characteristics or different characteristics among many research results.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.100-115
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• 2014

This study examined the history of nail art in 20th century, defined characteristics of many techniques used on nails, and analyzed how those techniques have been utilized in recent nail art works. For the method of the study, books and previous studies on nail art were examined as primary sources, and newspaper articles on nail art were studied as references. Then, the case studies were conducted on photographs of nail art works published in Nail Holic in 2012. As a result of analyzing expression techniques of nail art featured on Nail Holic, there had been a total of 517 works created using a single technique. The reason why hand painting is used very frequently is because artists can draw unique images of their own to create various designs according to their tastes. Rhine stone is also very popular, because stones are easy to apply and various in their shapes and colors. There were a total of 555 works created using two or more techniques. The most important point to examine is that hand painting, rhine stone, and 3D art were most popular among all techniques. These works featured highly various effects and images by combining flat effect of hand painting with three-dimensional effects of rhine stone or 3D art. The tendency can also be found in the fact that there have been many works using techniques of flat effects such as decal or marbling combined with techniques of three-dimensional effects such as rhine stone or 3D art.

• 복식
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• 제5권
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• pp.13-22
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• 1981

The stone caves in Korea, though they were first influenced by Chinese cave temples, were not made same with their predecessors in style. Nearly all Korean stone caves are the simulated ones built artificially, and they are divided into the following: A. The caves that were made up with several pieces of natural rocks with some wood works done over them to cover the open spaces between the rocks. B. Wood works were added in front of the rock-cut images of Buddha in order to construct the cave. C. The men-made caves Suk-kul-am in Kyung-ju is well-known among the above kind of the caves. In short, Korean stone caves have their distinction in which they were inspired by the Indian and Chinese examples and developed their own styles to meet the specific conditions and restraints of the Korean mountains. The extant Silla cave temples are classified in the following four groups: 1) The type of Shin-sun-sa(神仙寺) at Kyung-ju 2) The type of Ka-heung-ri cave(可興里) at Yong-ju(榮州) 3) The type of Kun-wi cave(軍威) 4) The type of Suk-kul-am(石窟庵) at Kyung-ju

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2021년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.219-220
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• 2021

As the area where stone is used in buildings increases, the amount of stone processing increases, and the amount of dust generated in the processing process is increasing, but interest in this is insignificant. In addition, as a result of investigating the dust generated in the dry process, the proportion of SiO2 is about 70%, so there is a concern about the risk of pneumoconiosis caused by breathing. Therefore, it is judged that it is urgent to collect it at the source to prevent damage to workers and environmental pollution.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.94-102
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• 1999

The retaining wall is a structure which was made for changing land form in many construction. The first role of the retaining wall is to maintain the slope stability. But recently, the amount of retaining wall have been increasing because of the expansion of construction works and the amenity of urban environment have been decreasing because of environmental destruction and the scenic heterogeneity. So we should consider the slope stability and ecological stability at the same time. The purpose of this study is to develop the retaining wall revegetation technology using the Eco-Stone, the structure of co-satisfying which included the slope stability and the revegetation effect. Eco-Stone is a structure which has high stability for earth pressure, settlement and drainage. And cost and term of construction works also have been decreased. Eco-Stone structure is one of factors composing the ecological network which is harmonize with surrounding environment. In this way, it is expected that the ecological habitats of various species would be restored.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.59-72
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• 2018

The detailed names and meanings of Korean stone pagodas have not yet been properly studied or clearly defined. Therefore, an aim of this report is to compare the detailed names of Korean, Chinese, and Japanese stone pagodas by focusing on content used previously by Ko and his students and content that is currently in use (i.e., since the Japanese colonial era). Additional objectives are to assess the significance of these names and propose an appropriate detailed draft regarding names of stone pagodas. The discussion will proceed by dividing the stone pagoda into three parts: the podium, main structure, and finial. First, the content in Luo Zhewen(羅哲文)'s "Ancient pagodas in China(中國古塔)" (1985) is considered; then, "朝鮮の石塔" (1943)-published by during the Japanese colonial era-is explored. The thesis written by Yu-Seop Ko regarding Korea's first stone pagoda and the content in "A Study of Korean Pagodas(朝鮮塔婆의 硏究)" (1948), which contains Yu-Seop Ko's posthumous works published in book form by his student Su-Yeong Hwang, Heu-Kyoung Kim are examined. to pagodas that are used today, are compared and reviewed. Since Korea, China, and Japan influence each other, pagoda-related terms are shared to some extent. In this study, these were applied to stone pagodas, and names used thus far that have not drawn criticism were studied and proposed as suitable alternatives.

• 유공압시스템학회논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2008

The application of an excavator can be expanded to various works through change of end-effector. In this paper, a gripper, which can pick up and rotate a fixed formal stone, was developed. The device was designed and produced to pick up and rotate a stone for an excavator. The maximum weight of stone was computed to prevent from reversal in according to each displacement of attachments. The necessary force of a hydraulic cylinder to grip a stone was obtained by simulation.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국문화재보존과학회 2005년도 제21회 발표논문집
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• pp.71-88
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• 2005

경주석빙고 내부암석의 표면에는 갈색오염층이 생물체와 함께 두텁게 형성되어 있다. 이 부분에서 소량의 시료를 채취하여 화학성분, 광물성분, 염성분 및 미세조직분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 오염층은 연질로서 제거가 용이한 것으로 파악되었다. 그러나 암석의 표면도 오랜 시간이 오염물질과 수분으로 인해 풍화가 많이 진행된 상태이므로 제거시 암석층도 함께 제거될 수 있다. 이 표면오염물질은 상부 봉분의 토양이 수분과 함께 석빙고 내부로 흘러내려 암석표면에 흡착된 것과 경주석빙고 입구에 깔려진 조립사질토양에서 부유되는 먼지의 흡착으로 생성된 것으로 추정된다. 경주석빙고를 보존하기 위해서는 표면오염물의 제거에 앞서 형성의 원인인 상부에서 흘러내리는 수분의 방수와 주변에 조성된 조립사질토양을 부유되지 않는 다른 것으로 대체하는 작업이 우선시된다. 이후에 표면오염물을 제거하고, 내부를 습하지 않게 유지해주어야 한다.