• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.1718-1734
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• 2012

The proposed method in this paper is derived from Mielikainen's hiding method. However, there exist some significant differences between two methods. In Mielikainen's method, pixels are partitioned into pairs and a LSB matching function is applied to two pixels for hiding. On the contrary, the proposed method partitions pixels into groups with three pixels in each group. The bits of pixels in each group are linked by using an exclusive OR (XOR) operator in a circular way. If the number of different values between the calculated XOR values and the secret bits is smaller than or equal to 2 in a group, the proposed method can guarantee that at most one pixel is needed to be modified by adding/subtracting its value to/from one, and three secret bits can be embedded to three pixels. Through theoretical analysis, the amount of the embedded secret data in the proposed method is larger than those in other methods under the same amount of pixel modifications. Taking real images in our experiments, the quality of stego-images in the proposed method is higher than those in other methods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.293-300
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• 2016

Objectives: This study is designed to survey the current status of trade secrets in GHS MSDS circulated in workplaces and indicate problems in the chemical information system. According to the survey results, we suggest management plans including political improvement of the trade secret system for MSDS and technical support to workplaces following enhanced chemical communication. Methods: To review this subject, we selected 153 manufacturers and six importers working in such fields as organic chemical production. We then investigated the retention status of GHS MSDS, application of trade secrets, and the content of trade secret components in MSDSs for mixtures. Results and Conclusions: Within the results, the content of trade secret ingredients was 67.4% (single: 9.0%, mixture: 75.6%). This is an increase compared with the previous results of 45.5% in 2011. Among 59,393 GHS MSDSs, 74.5% had ingredients less than 10% trade secret components, 19.1% had 10-30%, 1.8% had 30-50%, and 4.6% had more than 50%. To settle this issue, we recommend registration or evaluation of trade secrets as implemented in advanced countries. Also, business should be required to undergo regular evaluations of application status for trade secrets in workplace GHS MSDS.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2024

Conventional secret sharing techniques often derive shares from randomly generated polynomials or planes, resulting in lengthy and complex shares that are challenging to memorize and/or manage without the aid of a separate computer or specialized device. Modifying existing secret sharing methods to use a predetermined value, such as a memorizable password or bio-metric information, offers a solution. However, this approach raises concerns about security, especially when the predetermined value lacks randomness or has low entropy. In such cases, adversaries may deduce a secret S with just (t - 1) shares by guessing the predetermined value or employing brute force attacks. In this paper, we introduce a share hardening method designed to ensure the security of secret sharing while enabling the use of memorizable passwords or biometric information as predetermined shares.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2001

This paper proposes a method which inserts watermark created by secret sharing method and then extracts it from watermarked image for the protection of copyrights of digital images. To do this, after image's DCT transform, once some values created by Key sharing method which used Lagrange interpolation are inserted into a frequency domain, one can recreate original watermark even if only k seeds are extracted among n of inserted seeds ($n{\geq}k$).

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.51-56
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• 2014

In the digital world of the internet, steganography is introduced to hide the existence of the secret communication by concealing a secret message inside another unsuspicious cover medium. The third parties are unaware that a stego medium is being communicated. There exists a large variety of steganography methods based on texts. In this paper, analyzed the advantages and significant disadvantages of each existing text steganography method and how new approach could be proposed as a solution. The objective of this paper is to propose a method for hiding the secret messages in safer manner from external attacks by encryption rearrangement key.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1938-1962
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• 2015

Security of information during transmission is a major issue in this modern era. All of the communicating bodies want confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of their secret information. Researchers have presented various schemes to cope with these Internet security issues. In this context, both steganography and cryptography can be used effectively. However, major limitation in the existing steganographic methods is the low-quality output stego images, which consequently results in the lack of security. To cope with these issues, we present an efficient method for RGB images based on gray level modification (GLM) and multi-level encryption (MLE). The secret key and secret data is encrypted using MLE algorithm before mapping it to the grey-levels of the cover image. Then, a transposition function is applied on cover image prior to data hiding. The usage of transpose, secret key, MLE, and GLM adds four different levels of security to the proposed algorithm, making it very difficult for a malicious user to extract the original secret information. The proposed method is evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively. The experimental results, compared with several state-of-the-art algorithms, show that the proposed algorithm not only enhances the quality of stego images but also provides multiple levels of security, which can significantly misguide image steganalysis and makes the attack on this algorithm more challenging.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.143-151
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• 2021

The enormous prevalence of transferring official confidential digital documents via the Internet shows the urgent need to deliver confidential messages to the recipient without letting any unauthorized person to know contents of the secret messages or detect there existence . Several Steganography techniques such as the least significant Bit (LSB), Secure Cover Selection (SCS), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Palette Based (PB) were applied to prevent any intruder from analyzing and getting the secret transferred message. The utilized steganography methods should defiance the challenges of Steganalysis techniques in term of analysis and detection. This paper presents a novel and robust framework for color image steganography that combines Linear Congruential Generator (LCG), simulated annealing (SA), Cesar cryptography and LSB substitution method in one system in order to reduce the objection of Steganalysis and deliver data securely to their destination. SA with the support of LCG finds out the optimal minimum sniffing path inside a cover color image (RGB) then the confidential message will be encrypt and embedded within the RGB image path as a host medium by using Cesar and LSB procedures. Embedding and extraction processes of secret message require a common knowledge between sender and receiver; that knowledge are represented by SA initialization parameters, LCG seed, Cesar key agreement and secret message length. Steganalysis intruder will not understand or detect the secret message inside the host image without the correct knowledge about the manipulation process. The constructed system satisfies the main requirements of image steganography in term of robustness against confidential message extraction, high quality visual appearance, little mean square error (MSE) and high peak signal noise ratio (PSNR).

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.500-508
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• 2020

Background: Research on the status of many chemicals used in the semiconductor industry is needed. The purpose of this study was to describe the overall status of chemical use in the semiconductor industry in Korea and to examine it from a health perspective. Methods: Data on the status of chemical use and safety data sheets at 11 of 12 major semiconductor workplaces in Korea were collected. The number of chemical products and chemical constituents, quantities of chemicals, and trade secret ingredients used, as well as the health hazards were examined. Results: On average, 210 chemical products and 135 chemical constituents were used at the surveyed workplaces. Among all chemical products, 33% (range: 16-56%) contained at least one trade secret ingredient. Most of the trade secret ingredients were used in the photolithography process. Several carcinogens, including sulfuric acid, chromic acid, ethylene oxide, crystalline silica, potassium dichromate, and formaldehyde were also used. Only 29% (39 of 135) of the chemical constituents had occupational exposure limits, and more than 60% had no National Fire Protection Association health, safety, and reactivity ratings. Based on the aforementioned results, this study revealed the following. First, many chemical products and constituents are being used in the semiconductor industry and many products contained trade secret ingredients. Second, many products contained significant amounts of carcinogenic, mutagenic, and reproductive toxicant materials. Conclusion: We conclude that protecting workers in the semiconductor industry against harm from chemical substances will be difficult, due to widespread use of trade secret ingredients and a lack of hazard information. The findings of the status of chemical use and the health and safety risks in semiconductor industry will contribute to epidemiological studies, safe workplace, and worker health protection.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.73-82
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• 2022

This paper shows the hiding process of unlimited secret text size in an image using three methods: the first method is the traditional method in steganography that based on the concealing the binary value of the text using the least significant bits method, the second method is a new method to hide the data in an image based on Exclusive OR process and the third one is a new method for hiding the binary data of the text into an image (that may be grayscale or RGB images) using Exclusive and Huffman Coding. The new methods shows the hiding process of unlimited text size (data) in an image. Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) is applied in the research to simulate the results.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.242-249
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• 2022

Classical cryptography with complex computations has recently been utilized in the latest computing systems to create secret keys. However, systems can be breached by fast-measuring methods of the secret key; this approach does not offer adequate protection when depending on the computational complexity alone. The laws of physics for communication purposes are used in quantum computing, enabling new computing concepts to be introduced, particularly in cryptography and key distribution. This paper proposes a quantum computing lattice (CQL) mechanism that applies the BB84 protocol to generate a quantum key. The generated key and a one-time pad encryption method are used to encrypt the message. Then Babai's algorithm is applied to the ciphertext to find the closet vector problem within the lattice. As a result, quantum computing concepts are used with classical encryption methods to find the closet vector problem in a lattice, providing strength encryption to generate the key. The proposed approach is demonstrated a high calculation speed when using quantum computing.