• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.115-137
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• 1999

The UNCITRAL, during its thirty-two session in 1999 discussed certain issues and problems identified in interactional commercial arbitration practice. The issues discussed include certain aspects if conciliation proceedings ; the legislative requirement of a written form for the arbitration agreement ; arbitability ; soverign immunity ; consolidation of more than one case into one arbitral proceedings ; confidentiality of information in arbitral proceedings ; rasing claims in arbitral proceedings for the purpose of set-off ; decisions by "turncated" arbitral tribunals liability of arbitrators ; power by the arbitral tribunal to award interest ; costs of arbitral proceedings ; enforceability of interim measures of protection ; and discretion to enforce an award that has been set aside in the state of origin. Among those issues discussed, most of States agreed that the issues relating to certain aspects of conciliation proceedings ; the legislative requirement of a written form for the arbitration agreement ; enforceability of interim measures of protection ; and discretion to enforce an award that has been set aside in the State of origin should have priority over other issues. The UNCITRAL may wish to consider the desirability of preparing uniform provisions on any of those issues, possibly indicating whether further work should be towards a legislative text (such as a model legislative provision or a treaty) or a non-legislative text (such as a model contractual rule).

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.70-77
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• 2003

Theoretical estimation of overall stoichiometry for the microbial degradation of hazardous organic compounds is described. Half-reaction method based on microbial energetics was used in the theoretical estimation. In addition to the half-reaction method, other theoretical methods such as intermediate formation, oxygenation reaction, and estimation of the standard free energy of formation by group contribution theory were also applied. As a case study, the application of these methods was demonstrated for the estimation of microbial kinetics in the biodegradation of phenanthrene which was chosen as a model hazardous organic compound along with glucose and hexadecane. The cell yield, oxygen requirement, nitrogen requirement, and mineralization ratio could be estimated from the overall stoichiometry. It is believed that these theoretical estimation methods are useful tools for practical design and assessment of bioremediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with hazardous organic compounds.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.125-137
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• 2013

The U.S. Army is capable and ready to deploy full-spectrum armed forces anywhere in the world as we have seen in Iraq and Afghanistan. This commitment is within the realm of logistics support that the readiness to support MRE(Meal Ready to Eat), according to the environment where the operation is on going. ROKA(Republic Of Korea Army) proceeds with the program to develop and reserve various MRE under the assumption of distinctive warfare operating environment. This study investigates to determine the amount of MRE consumption within various operating environment and details are as follows. First we ponder the concept of MRE and identified problems of the existing program. Second we also establish feeding rations by the types of MRE that is the base for calculation. Third we introduce MRE consumption algorithm and formula. Fourth and last we have applied our model to the program and analyzed the results. The present state of the estimation didn't reflect various warfare operating environment. Therefore we simulates theater wargame model to determine the consumption under various warfare operating environment. The result of this study is anticipated to contribute largely to the force enhancement as it mirrors of every circumstances of operating environment.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.278-288
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• 2024

According to International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) Unified Requirement (UR) E26, ships contracted for construction after July 1, 2024 should be designed, constructed, commissioned and operated taking into account of cyber security. In particular, ship network monitoring tools should be installed in accordance with requirement 4.3.1 in IACS UR E26. In this paper, we propose a Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) security policy model for ships as an effective threat detection method by analyzing the cyber security regulations and ship network status in the maritime domain. For this purpose, we derived the items managed in the SIEM from the maritime cyber security regulations such as those of International Maritime Organization (IMO) and IACS, and defined 14 detection policies considering the status of the ship network. We also presents the detection policy for non-expert crews to understand it, and occurrence conditions depending on the ship's network environment to minimize indiscriminate alarms. We expect that the results of this study will help improve the efficiency of ship SIEM to be installed in the future.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.113-135
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• 2011

The final report of the Functional Requirement of Subject Authority Data(FRSAD), the 3rd report of the FRBR family model, is announced by IFLA in June, 2010. This model represents the international trends of subject authority control and suggests a direction to the future subject authority record suitable for the FRBR system. Therefore aims of this study are to analysis the FRSAD model in context of the FRBR family and apply the model to the subject headings and bibliographic records of Korean National Library. For these aims, we analyse the model focused on the entities, attributes, and relationships between entities. From this analysis, we have found the openness of the FRSAD, which does not force a certain entity types and has focus on the conceptual aspects of the entity not only the form of the headings. Moreover, we suggest examples by applying the FRSAD frame and facets of the FAST to the Headings of the NLSH and related KORMARC fields. The scope of this study is the additional entities of the FRBR groups, so personal names, corporate names, family names and titles are not included. As a result, it is necessary to determine the criteria for the types of thema and to apply the types consistently in bibliographic records. A follow up research will be needed to suggest more detailed examples.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 2008

This paper describes the overview of spectrum requirement estimation recommended in ITU-R Rec. M.1390 and [IMT.METH] and its difference for the IMT mobile service, and a (IMT.METH) methodology is applied to the spectrum estimation of the recent IMT service. The traffic model and traffic calculation algorithm is briefly described for the carried traffic which is determined in terms of the offered traffic, system rapacity, and the criteria of quality of service. And the spectrum requirement demand which is required from year 2010 to year 2015 is calculated as an example for the IMT service which is recently operated and deployed in the current Korean market after obtaining the reasonable market data and the ITU market prediction data.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.57-95
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• 2020

As a case study of an ex-post evaluation of regulations, in this paper I evaluate the 'uniform settlement rate requirement', a regulation that was introduced in 1986 and that was applied to the international telephone market in the U.S. for more than 20 years. In a bilateral market between the U.S. and a foreign country, each U.S. firm and its foreign partner jointly provide international telephone service in both directions, compensating each other for terminating incoming calls to their respective countries. The per-minute compensation amount for providing the termination service, referred to as the settlement rate, is determined by a bargaining process involving the two firms. In principle, each U.S. firm could have a different settlement rate for the same foreign country. In 1986, however, the Federal Communications Commission introduced the Uniform Settlement Rate Requirement (USRR), which required all U.S. firms to pay the same settlement rate to a given foreign country. The USRR significantly affected the relative bargaining positions of the U.S. and foreign firms, thereby changing negotiated settlement rates. This paper identifies two main routes through which the settlement rates are changed by the implementation of the USRR: the Competition-Induced-Incentive Effect and the Most-Favored-Nation Effect. I then empirically evaluate the USRR by estimating a bargaining model and conducting counterfactual experiments aimed at measuring the size of the two effects of the USRR. The experiments show remarkably large impacts due to the USRR. Requiring a uniform settlement rate, for instance, results in an average 32.2 percent increase in the negotiated settlement rates and an overall 13.7 percent ($3.43 billion) decrease in the total surplus in the U.S. These results provide very strong evidence against the implementation of the USRR in the 1990s and early 2000s.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 1976

In this paper, the employment planning model is developed which is a decision-making model for determining the optimum employment level with respect to varying net manpower requirement for each planing period such that total cost in a planning horizon is minimized. It is constructed as a nonlinear programming model and a dynamic programming model on the basis of studies in the areas of production smoothing and manpower scheduling. Costs for a planning period are categorized into regular wage cost, hiring cost, and overtime cost. The first is a linear function. The other two cost functions are of quadratic nature. The planning horizon of this planning model is intermediate range (five years) for which a fair planning accuracy can be guaranteed. The model considers learning period for each job class. It is simple and an optimum solution can be easily obtained by direct search techniques.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2015

This paper describes modeling & simulation(M&S) model for dynamic analysis of helicopter rotor blades. Simulation model is developed using Dymola tool which implements the open source language - Modelica. Modelica is appropriate for developing multibody dynamic analysis model. To develop an M&S model efficiently, model based systems engineering(MBSE) is applied. Some diagrams such as requirement diagram, block definition diagram and sequence diagram etc. are drawn to capture the concept of M&S model. This activity is done utilizing the open source tool - Papyrus.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.193-197
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• 1995

Computer-based methods have often been used in the structural analysis. But, regardless of the progress in the technique of structural analysis, there are inevitable limitations in consideration of the material and eometric nonlinearity and prediction of failure loads. Model analysis of concrete structure can supplement this kind of limitations to reasonably predict behavior of the structure. Similitude requirement in the reinforced concrete structure is often hard to be secured because of peculiar uncertainty of concrete. In this study, small scale model of subway box structure was constructed using strength model and results of model of subway box structure was constructed using strength model and results of model test and computer-based analysis were compared.