• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2011

The present research investigated gender-specific response strategies for dealing with peer victimization of preadolescents. Furthermore, coping strategies were explored as moderators of the link between peer victimization and internalizing problems. The participants were 466 preadolescents. Peer victimization, coping strategies, and internalizing problems were assessed through self-report questionnaires. Results showed that girls had significantly higher scores on help seeking, avoidant strategies, and ruminative strategies than boys. In addition, use of avoidant coping and seeking help minimized the effects of peer victimization on internalizing problems in girls. Ruminative coping exacerbated the influence of peer victimization on internalizing problems for both boys and girls.

• Food Quality and Culture
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2007

This study was performed to describe the perceptions of the family mealtime environment in preadolescents, and to determine the frequency of family meals and whether the mealtime environment is associated with nutrient intake. Surveys and 24-hour dietary recalls were completed by 197 children, ages 11 to 12, in elementary schools in the Incheon area. We assessed family meal frequency and the perceptions of the family meal environment with respect to priority, atmosphere, and family mealtime structure. The subject response frequencies and correlations among perceptions of the family mealtime environment, as well as the frequency of family meals and nutrient intake, were analyzed. Having a greater priority for family meals was associated with an increased frequency of family mealtimes. An enjoyable family meal environment was positively correlated with increases in nutrient intake. From the results of this study, we suggest that consideration be placed on opportunities to design nutrition promotion strategies that target families and their children, with respect to promoting family mealtimes and overcoming the barriers to having family meals.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2012

The widespread pursuit of a thin physique may have a detrimental impact on the wellbeing of preadolescents. The influence of body image distortions on the lifestyles, dieting behaviors, and psychological factors was investigated in 631 fifth and sixth grade children in Kyeonggi-do, Korea. Children were classified into three weight groups (underweight, normal, and overweight) and three perception groups (underestimation, normal, and overestimation). Necessary information was obtained by questionnaire, and each subject's weight status was determined by the Rohrer index calculated from the annual measurement records, which were obtained from the school. According to their current weights, 57.4% of children were normal and 32.2% were overweight or obese, 16.6% of the children overestimated their body weight, and 55.2% had an undistorted body image. Overweight children had desirable lifestyles and dietary habits and presented reasonable weight control behaviors. Compared to those without distortion, the overestimated group had greater interest in weight control ($P$ = 0.003) and dissatisfaction with their body weights ($P$ = 0.011), presented unhealthy reasons to lose weight ($P$ = 0.026), and had higher scores for "feeling sad when comparing own body with others" ($P$ = 0.000) and for "easily getting annoyed and tired" ($P$ = 0.037), even though they had similar obesity indices. More subjects from the overestimation group ($P$ = 0.006) chose drama/movies as their favorite TV programs, suggesting a possible role for the media in body image distortion. These findings suggest that body image distortion can lead preadolescents to develop stress about obesity and unhealthy dieting practices, despite similar obesity indices to those without distorted body images. These results emphasize the importance of having an undistorted body image.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권11호
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• pp.1185-1190
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• 2008

목 적: 11-12세 연령에 Td 백신 1차 추가접종을 하는 방법에 대한 면역원성과 안전성을 평가하기 위해 연구를 계획하였다. 방 법: 2006년 8월부터 2007년 4월까지 연구병원 소아청소년과 외래에 Td 백신 접종을 받기 위해 내원한 11-12세의 소아를 대상으로 하였다. 면역원성을 평가하기 위하여 접종 전 및 접종 4주 후에 혈액을 채취하여 디프테리아 및 파상풍에 대한 항독소 항체가를 측정하였고 이상반응을 평가하기 위해 관찰 일지에 국소 및 전신 이상반응을 기록하였다. 결 과: 총 183명이 연구에 참여하였고 이들의 평균 연령은 $11.40{\pm}0.51$세이었다. Td 백신 접종 전후의 GMC는 디프테리아에 대해서는 10배, 파상풍에 대해서는 26배 이상 증가하였고, 접종 후 디프테리아와 파상풍에 대한 항체 양전율(항체가 ${\geq}0.1IU/mL$ 기준)은 100%이었다. 디프테리아의 접종 전 항체가가 0.1 IU/mL 이상인 피험자는 142명(77.6%)이었고 접종 후 항체가가 1.0 IU/mL 이상인 피험자는 174명(95.1%)이었다. 파상풍의 접종 전 항체가가 0.1 IU/mL 이상인 피험자는 146명(79.8%)이었고 접종 후 항체가가 1.0 IU/mL 이상인 피험자는 181명(98.9%)이었다. 접종 후 국소 이상반응이 73.8%, 전신 이상반응은 37.2%에서 발생하였으나 대부분 3일 이내 소실되었다. 결 론: 매우 높은 면역원성과 심하지 않은 이상반응을 고려할 때, Td 백신의 접종을 11-12세 시행하는 것은 디프테리아와 파상풍에 대한 가장 경제적인 방어 수단이며, 접종 순응도를 효율적으로 높일 수 있는 방법이다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.765-774
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTİVES: It is important to determine Dysfunctional eating behaviors such as dietary restraint and overeating tendencies in order to provide weight management and acquire the right habits in children. The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire Children (DEBQ-C) with Turkish preadolescent children. MATERIALS/METHODS: This research included 440 preadolescents (9.3 ± 6.9 years and 235 girls, 205 boys). The instrument is divided into three subscales, each with 20 items. Emotional eating, restrained eating, and external eating are the three subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess the construct validity of the Turkish version of the DEBQ-C, and Cronbach α values were computed to evaluate the subscale reliabilities. There were 20 observable variables and three latent variables in the hypothesized model. RESULTS: Fit indices for the hypothesized model were good (×2/degree of freedom = 1.96; root mean square error of approximation = 0.05; comparative fit index = 0.95; goodness of fit index = 0.93). These findings revealed that the Turkish version of the DEBQ-C has a factor structure that was identical to the three-factor structure of the original scale. The Turkish version of the DEBQ-C subscales has internal consistency coefficients ranging from 0.72 (external eating) to 0.86. (emotional eating). CONCLUSIONS: The DEBQ-C Turkish version is a viable and reliable tool for measuring overeating tendencies in Turkish preadolescents, according to the findings.

• 아동학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.121-135
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• 2002

This study compared preadolescent communication skills and quality of peer relationships by institutionalization, sex, and age and tested the correlation between communication skills and quality of peer relationships. The subjects were 98 institutionalized and 115 homereared preadolescents. Interviews measured the communication skills of persuasive, comforting, and listener-adapted abilities. The quality of peer relationships was investigated through questionnaires consisting of both positive and negative factors. The data were analyzed by SPSS. Differences were found between institutionalized and homereared subjects in quality of peer relationships and in communication skills by sex, and age. There was a positive correlation between communication skills and quality of peer relationships.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

The current study uses longitudinal data, which show secondary school students' responses in a biennial data of surveys from England (n=4,326/boys=2,313;girls=2,413) and Scotland (n=3,528/boys=1,744;girls=1,784), to describe the association between availability of cigarette sales to minor, prosmoking attitudes of family members and drinking/drug use and smoking behaviours amongst adolescents. The findings provided strong evidence suggesting that availability of cigarette sales to minor, lack of familial interest on the child's smoking and other substance use were positively associated with the increased level of smoking behaviour in youth. Girls and boys also differed the likelihood of smoking and being a regular smoker. Boys were found to be more likely than girls to be smoking and to be a regular smoker. The implications of promising prevention programmes for preadolescents and areas for future research are presented

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.93-108
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• 2001

After-school activities of 817 7th grade children from Kwangju, Busan, and Kumi were studied to determine relations with (a) child, family and contextual variables (b) child's academic achievement and social development. Children were more likely to engage in extracurriculum activites and TV watching than other after-school activities. After-school activities were related to child's, parent's and contextual variables. Child's characteristics related to after-school activities were sex, impulse control, mastery and self-care. family's characteristics related to after-school activities were mother's employment, emotional support, control, monitoring and SES. Region and regional sagy were related to after-school activities. Some of after-school activities were related child's academic achievement and social development. Especially academic activites have a positive and powerful effects on child's academic achievement and social development.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the autonomic imbalance in syncope by comparing the baseline heart rate variability (HRV) between healthy children and those with vasovagal syncope. Methods: To characterize the autonomic profile in children experiencing vasovagal syncope, we evaluated the HRV of 23 patients aged 7-18 years and 20 healthy children. These children were divided into preadolescent (<12 years) and adolescent groups. The following time-domain indices were calculated: root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD); standard deviation of all average R-R intervals (SDNN); and frequency domain indices including high frequency (HF), low frequency (LF), normalized high frequency, normalized low frequency, and low frequency to high frequency ratio (LF/HF). Results: HRV values were significantly different between healthy children and those with syncope. Student t test indicated significantly higher SNDD values (60.46 ms vs. 37.42 ms, P =0.003) and RMSSD (57.90 ms vs. 26.92 ms, P=0.000) in the patient group than in the control group. In the patient group, RMSSD (80.41 ms vs. 45.89 ms, P =0.015) and normalized HF (61.18 ms vs. 43.19 ms, P =0.022) were significantly higher in adolescents, whereas normalized LF (38.81 ms vs. 56.76 ms, P =0.022) and LF/HF ratio (0.76 vs. 1.89, P =0.041) were significantly lower in adolescents. In contrast, the control group did not have significant differences in HRV values between adolescents and preadolescents. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that children with syncope had a decreased sympathetic tone and increased vagal tone compared to healthy children. Additionally, more severe autonomic imbalances possibly occur in adolescents than in preadolescents.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.496-507
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was based on social-role theory, and purposes were to investigate (1) how depression and health determinants vary with married and employed women, and (2) what factors contribute to depression according to family cycle. Methods: A stratified convenience sample of 765 married and employed women was recruited during May to August 2010. Study variables of depression, socio-demographic threatening factors, psycho-stimulating factors, and social-role related factors were measured via a structured questionnaire. Results: Prevalence rate for depression was 18.6%, with highest rate (25.4%) from elementary laborers. Greater levels of depression were related to women's occupation, higher life stress, and poorer health; lower social support and vulnerable personality; higher levels of social-role related stress. From multivariate analysis, women with preadolescents were the most vulnerable to depression affected by occupation, life stress, personality, and parenting stress. These factors (except for occupational class) combined with economic status, social support, and housework unfairness were significant for depression in women with adolescents. Conclusion: Depression among married and employed women differs by psycho-stimulating and social role relevant factors in addition to occupational class and family life cycle. Female elementary laborers and women with children need to have the highest prioritization for community mental health programs.