References
- Aveyard, P., Sherratt, E., Alomnd, J., Lawrence, T., Lancashire, R., Griffin, C., and Cheng, K.(2001). The Change-in-Stage and Updated Smoking Status Results from a ClusterRandomized Trial of Smoking Prevention and Cessation Using the Transtheoretical Model among British Adolescents, Preventive Medicine 33, 313-324 https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.2001.0889
- Boreham, R. and Shaw, A. (Eds.). (2001). Smoking, drinking & drug use among young people in England in 2000: Summary of key findings, Department of Health: Stationery Office
- DiFranza, J., Coleman, M., and Cyr, D. (1999). A Comparison of the Advertising and Accessibility of Cigars, Cigarettes, Chewing Tobacco, and Loose Tabacco, Preventive Medicine 29, 321-326 https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1999.0553
- DiFranza, J., Peck, R., Radecki, T., and Savageau, J. (2001). What Is the Potential CostEffectiveness of Enforcing a Prohibition on the Sale of Tobacco to Minors?, Preventive Medicine 32, 168-174 https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.2000.0795
- Escobedo, L., Marcus S., Holtzman, D. and Giovino, G. (1993). Sports participation, age at smoking initiation, and the risk of smoking among US high school students, Journal of theAmerican Medical Associstion 269(11), 1391-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4375(93)80016-5
- Ennett, S., Bauman, K., Pemberton, M., Foshee, V., Chung, Y., King, T., and Koch, G. (2001). Mediation in a Family-Directed Program for Prevention of Adolescent Tobacco and Alcohol Use, Preventive Medicine 33,p.333-346 https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.2001.0892
- Farkas, A., Distefan, J., Choi, W., Gipin, E., and Pierce, J. (1999). Does Parental Smoking Cessation discourage Adolescent Smoking? Preventive Medicine 28,p.213-218 https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1998.0451
- Glynn, T., Greenwarld, P., Mills, S., and Manley, M. (1993). Youth Tobacco Use in the United States-Problem, Progress, Goals, and Potential Solutions, Preventive Medicine 22, 568-575 https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1993.1049
- Hendry, L. and Reid, M. Social relationships and health: the meaning of social "connectedness' and how it relates to helath concerns for rural Scottish adolescents, Journal of Adolescence 23, 705-719 https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.2000.0354
- Jackson, C. (1998). Cognitive Susceptibility to Smoking and Intiation of Smoking during Childhood: A Longitudinal Study, Preventive Medicine27, 129-134 https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1997.0255
- Kurtz, M., Kurtz, J., Johnson, S., Beverly, E.(1996). Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke-Perceptions of African American children and Adolescents, Preventive Medicine 25, 286-292 https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1996.0058
- McGee, R. and Stanton, W. (1993). A longitudinal study of reasons for smoking in adolescence, Addition 88, 265-71 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb00810.x
-
Office for National Statistics Social Survey Division (1998). Smoking, Drinking and Drug Use Among Youth Teenagers: England and Scotland, (computer file).
$2^{nd}$ ed. Colchester, Essex: The Data Archive [distributor], 6 November 2000. SN: 4125. - Russos, S., Keating, K., Hovell, M., Jons, J., Slymen, D., Hofstetter, R., Rubin, B., and Morrison, T. (1999). Counselling youth in Tobacco-Use Prevention: Determinants of clinical Compliance, Preventive Medicine 29, 13-21 https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1999.0495
- Schubiner, H., Herrold, A. and Hurt, R. (1998). Tobacco Cessation and Youth: The Feasibility of Brief Office Interventions for Adolescents, Preventive Medicine 27, A47-A54 https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1998.0381
- Silbereisen, R., Robins, L., and Rutter, M. (1995). 'Secular Trends in Substance Use', in(Michael Rutter & David J. Smith (Eds.), Phychosocial disorders in Young People: Time Trends and Their Causes, New York: John Wiley & Sons
- Siddiqui, O., Mott, J., Anderson, T., and Flay, B. (1999). The Application of poisson Random-Effects Regression Models to the Analyses of Adolescents' Current Level of Adolescents' Current Level of Smoking,Preventive Medicine 29, p.92-101 https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1999.0517
- SPSS. (2001) SPSS for Windows, Release 10.0, SPSS Norusis, SPSS Inc
- Sussman, S., Dent, C., Severson, H., Burton, D. and Flay, B. (1998). Self-initiated Quitting among Adolescent Smokers, Preventive Medicine 27, A19-A28 https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1998.0379
- Taioli, E and Wynder E. (1991). Effect of the age at which smoking begins on frequency of smoking in adulthood, New England Journal of Medicine 325,968-9 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199109263251318
- Thrush, D., Fife-Schaw, C. and Breakwell, G. (1997). Young people's representations of others' views of smoking: is there a link with smoking behaviour?, Journal of Adolescence 20,57-70 https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.1996.0064
- Vanderburg, S., Weekes, J., and Millson, W. (1995). Early substance use and its impact on adult offender alcohol and drug problems. Forum on Corrections Research 7(1), 14-16
- Willemsen, M. and DE Zwart, W. (1999). The effectiveness of policy and health education strategies for reducing adolescent smoking: a review of the evidence, Journal of Adolescence 22, 587-599 https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.1999.0254