• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.149-164
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine the direct effects of parent-adolescent communication and its indirect effects through adolescent friendship quality on happiness among both middle and high school students. Methods: Participants in this study were 1,126 adolescents (667 middle school students and 459 high school students) in Seoul and Gyoung-gi Do. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires for adolescents, which included measures of parent-adolescent communication, friendship quality and happiness. Data were analyzed by t-tests, correlations, and SEM using SPSS 22.0 and Mplus 6.0. Results: For middle school students, father-adolescent communication had direct and indirect effects on happiness. However, mother-adolescent communication did not directly or indirectly affect adolescent happiness. Specifically, only father-adolescent communication had an significant indirect effect through friendship quality on adolescent happiness. For high school students, father-adolescent communication had direct effects on happiness, while mother-adolescent communication had significant indirect effects on adolescent happiness via friendship quality. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of parent-adolescent communication and friendship quality in predicting adolescent happiness with differences in direct and indirect paths between middle and high school students. These findings emphasize the role of parent-adolescent communication and friendship quality in developing programs to improve the happiness of adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.433-445
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of children's temperament, parent-child communication, peer relationships on children's cognitive and affective happiness. The participants consisted of 396 elementary school students aged 10-13 dwelling in Jeonbuk province. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics, t-test, regression analysis using the SPSS 18.0 program. The most salient results from this study were as follows: first, there were statistically significant differences in the children's happiness according to academic performance and family's economic level; children who considered themselves to have good grades and to have a higher standard of living were happier than other groups. However, there was no significant difference in children's happiness in relation to gender. Second, children's temperament(sociability, activity), parent-child open communication and peer relationships were positively associated with the children's cognitive and affective happiness. Children's emotional temperament, parent-child problem communication were negatively associated with the children's cognitive and affective happiness. Third, as the results of regression analysis, parent-child open communication, children's temperament(activity, sociability), peer relationships were considered to be the most influential factors in explaining cognitive happiness. And parent-child open communication, parent-child problem communication, children's temperament(activity) were influential factors in explaining affective happiness. In conclusion, children's happiness is critically affected not only by internal variables but also environmental ones such as parents and peers.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.71-82
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• 2021

This study examined the structural relationships among parent's play participation, children's playfulness, self-regulation and happiness. In this Study, subjects were 274 children who were 4 through 5 years old. The participants included 274 preschoolers' parents and their teachers in D city. The parents completed questionnaires regarding parent's play participation with their children and children's self-regulation. The teachers completed questionnaires regarding preschoolers' happiness and playfulness. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, pearson correlation analysis and mediation analysis based on structural equation modeling with SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 23.0 program. Also, specific indirect effects were analyzed using AMOS user-defined estimand function. The primary results of this study were as follows. 1) The parent's play participation had an influence upon children's playfulness and self-regulation. 2) The children's playfulness had an influence upon children's self-regulation and happiness. 3) The children's self-regulation had an influence upon children's happiness. 4) Between the parent's play participation and children's happiness were mediated by the children's playfulness and self-regulation. This study revealed that parent's play participation, children's playfulness and self-regulation need to be considered simultaneously to explain the level of the children's happiness. The results highlight the structural relationships among parent's play participation, children's playfulness, self-regulation and happiness.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.85-104
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• 2021

Objective: This study examined the main effects and interaction effect of parenting attitudes and conversation hours between parent and child, by focusing on parental influence among factors impacting children's happiness. Methods: This study used the data from 2,578 fourth grade elementary school students from the first waves of the Korean Child Youth Panel Study(KCYPS) 2018. The data were analyzed using correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis. Results: First, there was a significant corelation between children's happiness and socio-economic variables such as parental education level, family's income, and family type. Second, it was found that the main effect of all sub-factors of parenting attitude and conversation hours between parent and child on children's happiness was statistically significant. Third, only the interaction effect between structural parenting attitude and parent-child conversation hours was statistically significant. That is, children who had more conversations with parents with structural parenting attitudes providing guidelines ware reported to be particularly happy. Conclusion/Implications: This study is meaningful in examining overall quantitative and qualitative effects of the relationship between parent and child to understand parental factors impacting children's happiness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.92-103
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to prepare basic data for education and policy proposals related to enhancement of happiness by identifying factors affecting the subjective happiness among Korean adolescents by family type. Methods: The study was a secondary analysis using the raw data of the 16th Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2020). A complex sample multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors affecting adolescent happiness by family type. Results: As a result, the factors that commonly affect the subjective happiness of adolescents for all family types were identified as economic status, academic performance, perceived stress, and loneliness. Additional factors that affect the subjective happiness of adolescents of both Korean two-parent and single parent families were sleep and subjective health status. Financial assistance, number of toilets, breakfast, exercise, depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt were also reported for Korean two-parent families. Conclusion: This study provided empirical basic data for enhancing adolescent happiness in consideration of priority targets and family composition characteristics by identifying factors affecting subjective happiness by family type. Adolescent happiness is a factor that should be actively pursued at home, school, and society, and it should be the goal of education for holistic growth of students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.55
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• pp.113-141
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating roles of children interpersonal relations and mental health in the relationship between parent-child relationships and school life happiness, and the differences between single-parent and two-parent families, using structural equation modeling. Data were obtained from the 2013(second-wave) year of the Korean Educational Longitudinal Study. This study selected 6,643 elementary school 6th-grade students(756 from single-parent families and 5,887 from two-parent families). Data were examined with structural equation modeling and multi-group analysis using AMOS 18.0, and mediating effects were tested using the Sobel test. The results were as follows; First, the single-parent children reported lower levels of interpersonal relations, mental health, and school life happiness than the two-parent children. Second, interpersonal relations and mental health did play a mediating role in the relationship between parent-child relationships and school life happiness. Third, as a result of examining for total effect, the variable that most influenced school life happiness of children was interpersonal relations. Fourth, multi-group analysis did not show a statistically significant difference between single- and two-parent children in structural equation modeling.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.167-177
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• 2018

Purpose: This study examined the factors that affect suicidal ideation among Korean adolescents according to their family type. Methods: The data of the 2017 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey was used in this study. Out of 62,276, a total of 60,077 adolescents (51,367 adolescents from two-parent families and 8,710 adolescents from single-parent families) were included in the analysis. Results: This study demonstrated that the level of suicidal ideation of the adolescents in single-parent families was significantly higher than that of the adolescents in two-parent families. The factors that affect suicidal ideation among the two-parent family adolescents were gender, grade, economic status, academic performance, smoking, drinking, physical activity, subjective health status, subjective body image, subjective happiness, stress, and depression. The factors that affect suicidal ideation among the single-parent family adolescents included gender, grade, smoking, subjective health status, subjective happiness, stress and depression. Conclusion: Single-parent family adolescents are likely to have a higher level of suicidal ideation along with higher levels of depression and stress and lower levels of subjective health and happiness, compared to single-parent family adolescents. For this higher-risk group of suicidal ideation, more thoughtful attentions and proactive policies are needed to manage their mental health and stress in school and family situations.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.89-105
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the current status of parent-child play and the relationship between children's perceptions of play with parents and children's happiness. Methods: One hundred twenty 5-year-old children and their parents participated in the study. Each parent reported the current status of play with their child and the researchers interviewed the children about their perceptions of play with parents and their happiness. Results: The results showed that parents played with their child for about 52 minutes on weekdays and 2-3 hours on weekends. Mothers played longer with their child than fathers on all days. Parents perceived that they played with their child at average frequency and showed above average participation. Children perceived that their parents were actively playing with them and children enjoyed and were satisfied with their play with parents. Children were happier when parents spent more time playing with them in an engaging fashion, and when they enjoyed the nature of the play. Conclusion/Implications: This study implies the influence and importance of the quality of parent-child play on children's happiness.

• Journal of the Health Care and Life Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-25
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• 2021

This study is to analyze the relationship between self-esteem and happiness of parents and children in the 4th-grade elementary school and the 1st-grade of middle school using Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey(KCYPS) 2018 data by the National Youth Policy Institute. The context of analysis is to determine how parents' self-esteem and happiness affect parenting attitudes, and furthermore, how they affect their children's academic activities, self-esteem and happiness. This study is able to explore the level at which self-esteem and happiness, the mental health measure of children and adolescents, were linked to parental self-esteem and happiness. And it suggests that the importance of the role of a parent as a family background has been confirmed in promoting the healthy development of children and adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.40
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• pp.41-71
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine longitudinal impacts of various factors on happiness in primary school children. Specifically, attachment theory and ecosystems perspective were utilized for the purpose of this study. We used Korea Youth Panel Survey, which is a 5-year longitudinal data collected from fourth grade in elementary school to second grade in middle school Latent growth model was employed as the analytic method. The findings of this study are as follow: first, academic achievement, self-esteem, parent attachment, peer attachment, teacher attachment, and community attachment all decreased over the 5-year study period. Also, the intercept and the slope variance of variables were found to be statistically significant. This means that there are significant differences in the intercept and the slope of individuals. Second, self-esteem, parent attachment, and peer attachment were found to have cross-sectional influences on happiness. This means that self-esteem, parent attachment, and peer attachment are positively associated with happiness at the intercept. Also, self-esteem, parent attachment, teacher attachment, and community attachment were found to have longitudinal influences on happiness. This means that the higher levels of community attachment at the intercept is associated with slower the rate of decrease in happiness at the slope. In addition, faster rates of decrease in self-esteem, parent attachment, teacher attachment, and community attachment are associated with faster the rate of decrease in happiness. Third, this study conducted multiple group analysis with gender. The findings of this analysis revealed no significant differences in analytic models between males and females. Based on these findings, theoretical and practice implications with regard to happiness in primary school children are discussed.