• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of Prunus mume supplementation on changes of energy substrate (glucose, FFA) and fatigue factors (lactate, ammonia, phosphorous) in the performance of exercise. The subjects of this study were 15 male university students. The exercise test was performed for 30 minutes at 75% $VO_2max$ on the treadmill and conducted both before and after administering Prunus mume for 6 weeks. Through Prunus mume supplementation, the accumulation of such fatigue factors as lactate, ammonia, and phosphorous along with concentration of glucuse decreased, but the concentration of FFA increased. From the study, it can be seen that Prunus mume plays a positive role for the use of energy substrates and accumulated fatigue factors.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.123-133
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• 2017

The development of a new manufacturing process, a two-step temperature treatment, to modulate the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles including the size is critical. This is because its physicochemical properties can be key factors affecting the cellular uptake and the bioavailability of bioactive compounds encapsulated in nanoparticles. The aims of this study were to produce (beta-lactoglobulin) ${\beta}-lg$ nanoparticles and to understand how two-step temperature treatment could affect the formation and physicochemical properties of ${\beta}-lg$ nanoparticles. The morphological and physicochemical properties of ${\beta}-lg$ nanoparticles were determined using atomic force microscopy and a particle size analyzer, respectively. Circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to investigate the secondary structure of ${\beta}-lg$. The surface hydrophobicity and free thiol groups of ${\beta}-lg$ were increased with a decrease in sub-ambient temperature and an increase in mild heat temperature. As sub-ambient temperature was decreased, a decrease in ${\alpha}-helical$ content and an increase in ${\beta}-sheet$ content were observed. The two-step temperature treatment firstly involved a sub-ambient temperature treatment from 5 to $20^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, followed secondly by a mild heat temperature treatment from 55 to $75^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. This resulted in the production of spherically-shaped particles with a size ranging from 61 to 214 nm. Two-way ANOVA exhibited the finding that both sub-ambient and mild heat temperature significantly (p<0.0001) affected the size of nanoparticles. Zeta-potential values of ${\beta}-lg$ nanoparticles were reduced with increasing mild heat temperature. In conclusion, two-step temperature treatment was shown to play an important role in the manufacturing process - both due to its inducement of the conformational changes of ${\beta}-lg$ during nanoparticle formation, and due to its modulation of the physicochemical properties of ${\beta}-lg$ nanoparticles.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.217-234
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• 1997

The purpose of present study is to compare the effect of treatment using $Guidor^{(R)}$ as a barrier membrane in conjunction with platelet-derived growth factor and insulin like growth factors on experimental dehiscence defects. Following the resection of premolar crowns, roots were submerged. After 12 weeks of healing period, experimental dehiscence defects of 4mm in height and 4mm in width were surgically created on the mid-facial aspect of the lower premolar roots in each of 4 adult dogs. After root planning and demineralization of the root surface with citric acid, the control groups received 4% methylcellulose gel only, the test group I received 4% methylcellulose gel and were covered by $Guidor^{(R)}$ and the test group II were treated with PDGF and IGF and 4% methylcellulose gel with $Guidor^{(R)}$ coverage. Histological and histomorphometric analysis following 8 weeks of healing revealed the following results. 1. The new bone formation showed no statistically significant difference in all groups with $0.59{\pm}0.82mm$($14.03{\pm}19.60%$) for control, $0.70{\pm}0.39mm$($16.30{\pm}9.01%$) for group I, $0.87{\pm}0.76mm$($18.74{\pm}16.03%$) for group II. 2. The new cementum formation showed no statistically significant difference in all groups with $0.54{\pm}0.48mm$($l6.38{\pm}14.57%$) for control, $0.95{\pm}0.38mm$($23.43{\pm}9.30%$) for group I, $1.01{\pm}0.75mm$($22.10{\pm}16.ll%$) for gorup II. 3. The root resorption showed statistically significant differences betweenthe control group and all test groups(p<0.05) with $2.11{\pm}0.53mm$($52.93{\pm}12.32%$) for control, $0.63{\pm}0.27mm$($15.32{\pm}7.05%$) for group I, $0.89{\pm}0.33mm$ ($19.26{\pm}7.11%$) for group II. On the bases of these results, there were no statistically difference between treatment using resorbable membrane and resorbable membrane in conjunction with PDGF and IGF in the dehiscence defects, where it was difficult to maintain space. The use of membrane seemed to be more effective in the inhibition of root resorption.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.182-188
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• 2018

Objective: This study was performed to validate the autonomous maximal smile (AMS) as a new reference for evaluating dental and gingival exposure. Methods: Digital video clips of 100 volunteers showing posed smiles and AMS at different verbal directives were recorded for evaluation a total of three times at 1-week intervals. Lip-teeth relationship width (LTRW) and buccal corridor width (BCW) were measured. LTRW represented the vertical distance between the inferior border of the upper vermilion and the edge of the maxillary central incisors. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for reproducibility, and the m-value (minimum number of repeated measurements required for an ICC level over 0.75), were calculated. Results: LTRW and BCW of the AMS were 1.41 and 2.04 mm, respectively, greater than those of the posed smile (p < 0.05), indicating significantly larger dental and gingival exposure in the AMS. The reproducibility of the AMS (0.74 to 0.77) was excellent, and higher than that of the posed smile (0.62 to 0.65), which had fair-to-good reproducibility. Moreover, the m-value of the AMS (0.88 to 1.05) was lower than that of the posed smile (1.59 to 1.85). Conclusions: Compared to the posed smile, the AMS shows significantly larger LTRW and BCW, with significantly higher reproducibility. The AMS might serve as an adjunctive reference, in addition to the posed smile, in orthodontic and other dentomaxillofacial treatments.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.200-209
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• 2003

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between atopic dermatitis and the Sasang constitution. Methods : I examined 64 patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis for a long time who visited Department of Dermatology in Kangnam Korean Hospital, Kyunghee University and classified them into 4 types according to Sasang constitution under consulting a Sasang specialist. 1. The Sasang specialist classified the patients using the Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification Ⅱ(QSCCⅡ), body components examination, facial morphology measurement and Meridian function examination. 2. I analyzed the distribution of sex and age, first onset age, history period, digestion condition, existences of past history and family history, basal material volume, immunoglobulin E and eosinophil. Results and Conclusions : 1. As the distribution of sex and age, 28 patients(pts) were male and 36 pts were female. 20's female group was the most common. 2. As the distribution of Sasang constitution types, Soeumin were 28(43.7$\%$) pts, Taeumin were 24(37.5$\%$) pts, Soyangin were 11(17.2$\%$) pts, and Taeyangin was 1(1.6$\%$) pI. 3. As the mean age at first visit, Soeumin's was 20yrs, Taeumin's and Soyangin's were 27yrs, and Taeyangin's was 15yrs. 4. As the mean onset age, Soeumin's was 7yrs the lowest, Taeumin's was 15.7yrs, Soyangin's was 10.54yrs and Taeyangin's was 15yrs. 5. As the history period. Soeumin's was 13.8yrs. Taeumin's was 11.8yrs. Soyangin's was 16.5yrs. Tae yangin's was 13yrs. 6. As the existence of past history of atopic diseases, Soeumin were 12(43$\%$) pts, Taeumin were 7(29$\%$) pts and Soyangin were 5(45$\%$) pts. 7. As immunoglobulin E, 21(75$\%$) pts of Soeumin were normal, 7(25$\%$) pts were abnormal.. 22(92$\%$) pts of Taeumin were normal, 2(8$\%$) pts were abnormal. 8(73$\%$) pts of Soyangin were normal, 3(27$\%$) pts were abnormal. As the defecation condition, 19(68$\%$) pts of Soeumin were normal, 9(32$\%$) pts were abnormal. 14(58$\%$) pts of Taeumin were normal, 10(42$\%$) pts were abnormal, 8(73$\%$) pts of Soyangin were normal, 3(27$\%$) pts were abnormal. 8. The mean value of immunoglobulin E of Soeumin was 1236, Taeeumin was 442, Soyangin was 2010, the mean value of eosinophil of Soeumin was 3.5, Taeeumin was 2.47, Soyangin was 4.28.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the variation of cone, seed and germination characteristics among populations and among individuals within populations of Picea jezoensis(Siebold & Zuccarini) Carriere distributed in Korea. Cone collected from 25 trees in two natural populations(Mt. Jiri and Mt. Dokyu) and their thirteen cone and seed characteristics as well as three germination behaviors were analyzed. Statistical analysis showed significant differences among populations and among individuals within populations in 9 traits except for seed breadth, seed weight, index of seed wing and mean germination time. Generally, morphological variation of cone and seed wings from Mt. Jiri population has smaller and longer than those of Mt. Dokyu population. Percentage of sound seeds and Tetrazolium test from Mt. Jiri population showed 1.79 and 1.87 higher values than Mt. Dokyu population, respectively. The maximum germination percentage was obtained at the optimum temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ and in this case, mean germination time and germination rate showed 7.5 days and 2.9 ea./day, respectively. In seed germination behaviors, percentage(40.7%) and rate(0.90 ea./day) of germination in Mt. Jiri population were more higher and faster than those of Mt. Dokyu population(17.7%, 0.37 ea./day). According to correlation analysis, P. jezoensis populations with small restricted distribution may have been reduced because seed qualities were correlated with increased levels of inbreeding and disproportion flowering.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.305-310
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• 2005

It has been suggested that nitric oxide (NO) derived from inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) may act as a mediator of cytokine-induced effects on bone turn-over. NO is also recognized as an important factor in bone remodeling, i.e., participating in osteoblast apoptosis in an arthritic joint. The components of Agastache rugosa are known to have many pharmacological activities. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Agastache rugosa leaf extract (ELAR) on NO production and the iNOS expression in ROS 17/2.8 cells activated by a mixture of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-$alpha$ and IL-1$\beta$. A preincubation with ELAR significantly and concentration-dependently reduced the expression of iNOS protein in ROS 17/2.8 cells activated with the cytokine mixture. Consequently, the NO production was also significantly reduced by ELAR with an IC$_{50}$ of 0.75 mg/mL. The inhibitory mechanism of iNOS induction by ELAR prevented the activation and translocation of NF-$\kappa$B (p65) to the nucleus from the cytosol fraction. Furthermore, ELAR concentration-dependently reduced the cellular toxicity induced by sodium nitroprusside, an NO-donor. These results suggest that ELAR may be beneficial in NO-mediated inflammatory conditions such as osteoporosis.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to collect data about oral health to develop childrens' oral health programs in public centers. The questinnaire was mailed to 477 preschools in Sung-nam city. The returned 216 questinnaires were analyzed. The obtained results were as follows; (1) A majority of teachers knew the preventive probability of dental caries in deciduous teeth (86%) but the accuracy of the knowledge was not good. So, It is recommended that the preschool teachers' oral health knowledge should be improved. (2) Ninety-nine percent of responded teachers reported that the oral education program was needed and the right persons are the people whose worked at the department of oral health in public health centers. This means they agreed that the childrens' oral health program should be leaded by the public health centers. Therefore, public health centers should develop and supply the oral health education programs.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.24 no.3 s.78
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• pp.186-205
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• 1996

This study was carried out to obtain data concerning the genetic variability of Pleurotus ostreatus. Monospores of P. ostreatus were isolated and cultured to estimate differences in the rate of mycelial growth and genetic similarity among the isolates. Although the overall growth rates were slow compared to their parental dikaryon except 2-MI 4, significant differences in the rate of mycelial growth were observed among isolates. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using twenty six random primers showed 345 polymorphic DNA bands from 35 monospore isolates and their parental dikaryon. DNA bands ranged from 0.1 to 4.0 Kb in size. Most various polymorphic DNA bands within monospore isolates were obtained when we used J (OPA-01) or W (OPB-04). The 36-MI 103 showed totally different band patterns from those of the others. RAPD analysis revealed that there is approximatly 75% genetic similarity between monospore isolates and their parental dikaryon except 36-MI 103, which showed only 49% genetic similarity. In addition, genetic similarity degrees were classified into four groups: I (parental dikaryon), II (fast growing type), III (moderate growing type), and IV (slow growing type). However, there is no correlation between mating type and mycelial growth rates.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 2009

Perioperative pain relief is essential in veterinary practice. However, the cat is one of the most poorly understood species regarding pain control management. Ovariohysterectomy(OHE) produces considerable postoperative pain in cats. Practitioners are often reluctant to administer analgesics due to lack of familiarity with available drugs, concern about side effects, or frustration with the need for record keeping of controlled substances. The purpose of this study was to determine if intraperitoneal administration of bupivacaine can provide relief of pain following OHE in cats. Twelve healthy female cats were randomly divided into two groups. OHE was performed under general inhalation anesthesia. Just prior to complete closure of the linea alba, 6 cats in SAL group received 0.88 ml/kg 0.9% saline, 6 cats in BUP group received 4.4 mg/kg 0.75% bupivacaine diluted to an equivalent volume with saline in the intraperitoneal space. Cats were scored at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours post-extubation by one observer. Cats were evaluated using a visual analogue scale(VAS) and composite pain scale(CPS) that included physiologic variables. There were no significant differences in body weight, anesthesia time, surgery time, and incision length between the two groups. Cats in the BUP group had significantly(p<0.05) lower VAS-pain scores than cats in the SAL group at 4, 8, 12 hours after surgery. Cats in the BUP group had significantly lower CPS scores than cats in the SAL group at 8, 12 hours after surgery. No adverse side effects were observed. These results support that the intraperitoneal administration of bupivacaine following OHE can be used for the prevention of postoperative pain and pain-induced behavioral changes in cats.