• Maritime Security
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.55-83
• /
• 2022

For humankind, the ocean is a treasure trove of natural resources and an important area that provides major transportation routes. However, marine ecosystems are under threat amidst the global climate change crisis. This is partly due to various sources of pollution emitted from ships, shore facilities, and other sources. In response, the navies of advanced countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Europe have assessed such a climate change crisis as a new maritime security threat. These countries have made early efforts to prevent marine pollution from warships. These efforts have been legally embodied. This was legislation for technical and organizational structures to be practically applied in the field. Among these navies of developed countries, France has established parliamentary and intergovernmental plans to become a leader in environmental protection at the defense level, not only in the European region but throughout the world. Within this framework, the French Navy, through its internal instruction, has inclined its legal efforts to prevent marine pollution from warships. Therefore, this study examines the legislation for the prevention of marine pollution from warships within the French Navy and compares it with the marine environmental legislation applicable to the ROK Navy. It then deduces the implications for the ROK navy, which is advancing toward a Blue-Water navy.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.36-44
• /
• 2015

The spatial and temporal distribution of dissolved trace metals has been studied to identify trends in space and time and to evaluate the pollution status in a semi-closed bay (Gohyun bay), Korea. Surface seawater samples were collected over four seasons at 18 stations in the bay between 2003 and 2004 and once at 7 stations around a large shipyard in May 2004. The concentration of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in seawater in February and May were highly variable in space, showing the higher value relative to other season. Those metals concentrations were decreased from inner-to outer-stations. In around the shipyard, Cu, Pb and Zn showed the higher variability depending on time. Cu and Zn concentrations at the sites around the shipyard had 2 times higher values compared with the average of inner stations in Gohyun bay. The very high correlations between salinity and either Cu and Zn has been showed. Especially, there was a significant relationship between Cu and Zn. We recognize that the shipyard is major source of Cu and Zn in seawater. Therefore, marine environment management policy such as the prevention and control of heavy metal input from a shipyard is required.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.157-164
• /
• 2009

The metals such as Al, Ag, Au, Cu, Cd, Co, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn, etc are present at very low concentration in seawater and are classified as so-called trace metals. Whiles some of them are used in metabolism of living organism as a micronutrient, they may show toxic effects on organisms in case of a limited threshold concentration of them Plenty of studies on trace metals have been performed bemuse trace metals have a persistent influence and an adverse effect on marine environment and ecosystem. For long years, when the concentration of trace metals in natural waters such as seawater and fresh water are measured with high precision and accuracy, some systematic errors have been recognized to be present in measurements. Since 1975 in US and European countries, the measured concentration of trace metals in seawater have been found to be lower by factors of 10-1,000 than the previous data of trace metals measurements and the vertical profiles of the measurements have been shown to reflect well-known biological, physical and geochemical processes. These results are attributed to great advances in analytical instrumentation and methodology for trace metals measurements. Precautions against the contamination of samples are required to be taken in the process of sampling, storage, and analysis of samples. However, in Korea, erroneous data of trace metals with regard to ocean and marine environment related survey and investigations are reported The lock of exact understanding and information regarding precautions in sampling, storage and analysis of samples lead to the deterioration of data quality, especially in the analysis of trace metals. The major procedures to obtain the accurate data of trace metals in natural waters are introduced for applying to the study and assessment of marine environments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2001

Many investments and works being continued to preserve green ocean in each countries of the world. Especial1y, the researches on the prevention of marine oil pollution being strengthened. It is not easy to disclose sludge oils that were produced necessarily in the ships operation, so that they are transferred to shore treating facility after collected inside the ship＇s sludge tank mostly. However, this shore transferring method is not only costly and time consuming but also entails risk of oil pollution. In this regard, it will be the best way to manage the sludge oils inside ship itself. The purpose of this study is to device an ultrasonic breaking systems which recycle the sludge oil from ships into usable oil to be burnt. In this paper, the first place, matrix structures of sludge fuel oil(SFO) and sludge lubricating oil(SLO) with the irradiation time for ultrasonic vibrator were interpreted. And, erosion damage for vibrator horn tip which is one of important part of ultrasonic breaking systems was examined under such an environment of the sludge oils. The material for horn tip is being made of SS41 steel and its erosion phase was investigated with variation of the vibration amplitude of 50${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and 24${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ as well as the change of temperature in the oil environments. It is suggested that the experimental results can be helpful to the development of sludge oil disposing systems for the vessel.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.61-67
• /
• 2001

Development of a barrier system for floating debris at river is introduced. The system is to prevent pollution of coastal water caused by marine debris which originates from land. The system consists of harrier boom, mooring system and boom winder. The harrier boom, which is self-inflatable with circular band spring, guides floating debris to a collecting conveyer system. Design parameters of the harrier system were reviewed and its design criteria were established. Based on the established design criteria, a pilot harrier system was built and tested at Tanchon branch of the Han river. It is proved that the suggested system is very efficient to collect floating debris at river.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.100-105
• /
• 2000

Port State Control (PSC) is the inspection of foreign ships in national ports for the purpose of verifying that the condition of the ships and its equipments comply with the requirement of international conventions and the ship is manned and operated in compliance with applicable international laws. On the other hand, check items in PSC are nearly similar to periodical survey of Classification Societies, because they have the same background regarding safety and maritime pollution prevention. The purpose of this study is to develope computer-aided information system for ship inspection item which is useful for effective implementation of Port State Control. For this work, the status of PSC is reviewed, and the related scheme of ship survey system in Classification Societies is investigated. On these bases, a computer software integrated database system and object-oriented technique is developed. The developed system is expected helpful to establish and maintain an effective system of Port State Control.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.189-198
• /
• 2009

Passive air samplers with polyurethane foam (PUF) disks were employed to determine seasonal gas phase variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air on Anmyeon island from March 2007 to January 2008. Sum of 13 PAHs ranged between $3.5\;ng/m^3$ and $27.6\;ng/m^3$. Total PAHs during the heating season was 6.2 times higher than non-heating season. The dominant PAHs components during sampling periods were low and middle molecular weight PAHs including phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene and chrysene. Gas exchange fluxes of PAHs across the air-water interface of the Yellow Sea were calculated using a modified two-film exchange model. PAHs fluxes ranged from $196\;ng/m^2/d$ net volatilization during summer to $3830\;ng/m^2/d$ net absorption during winter. Passive air sampler provides a convenient and cost-effective tool for measuring averaged gas phase PAHs, which was successfully used for calculation of gas exchange flux of PAHs in the Yellow Sea.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2000.10a
• /
• pp.165-170
• /
• 2000

Port State Control (PSC) is the inspection of foreign ships in national ports for the purpose of verifying th\ulcorner the condition of the ships and its equipments comply with the requirement of international conventions and the ship is manned and operated in compliance with applicable international laws. On the other hand, check items in PSC are nearly similar to periodical survey of Classification Societies, because they have the same background regarding safety and maritime pollution prevention. The purpose of this study is to develope computer-aided information systems for ship inspection item which is useful for effective implementation of Port State Control. For this work, the status of PSC is reviewed, and the related scheme of ship survey system in Classification Societies is investigated. On these bases, a computer software integrated database system and object-oriented technique is developed. The developed system is expected helpful to establish and maintain an effective system of Port State Control.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.77-95
• /
• 2009

Ciliate abundance and biomass were determined at three anchored stations in the Han River estuary trimonthly from May 2006 to February 2008. The total abundance of ciliates ranged from 0-13,853 cells $l^{-1}$ and biomass ranged from $0.00-73.98\;ugC\;l^{-1}$. Owing to the large seasonal temperature variation (range 0.20-$27.2^{\circ}C$), ciliate abundance displayed marked seasonal variation, being higher in summer than in other seasons. Tintinnids dominated the ciliate communities at station YC where suspended sediment was highest. Difference of ciliate biomass between ebb tide and flood tide were irregular. Seasonal variations of ciliate carbon biomass at each station were related to temperature, suspended sediment and chl.a, especially nano chl.a. Geographical variations of ciliate carbon biomass in each season were related to suspended sediment and salinity.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.149-158
• /
• 2008

The characteristic analysis of the estimated population parameters, i.e., standard deviation and error bound of coastal pollutant concentrations (hereafter PC, i.e., COD, TN, and TP concentrations), was carried out by using environmental data with different sampling frequency in Lake Shihwa and Incheon coastal zone. The results clearly show that standard deviation of the PC increases as its mean value increases. The error bounds of the annual mean values based on seasonally measured DO concentrations and PC data in Incheon coastal zone were estimated as ranges 2.26 mg/l, $0.68{\sim}0.86\;mg/l$, $0.62{\sim}0.80\;mg/l$, and $0.074{\sim}0.082\;mg/l$, respectively. In terms of annual mean of the DO concentration and PC in Lake Shihwa, the error bounds based on monthly measured data from 1997 to 2003 were also estimated as ranges 4.0 mg/l, 3.0 mg/l, $0.5{\sim}1.0\;mg/l$, and 0.05 mg/l, respectively. The error bound on the basis of real-time monitoring data is $7{\sim}13%$ only as compared to that of monthly measured data.