• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.30
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• pp.69-84
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• 1996

The main current of ancient Korean thought is based on Yuk(易) : which solves the principle of creation of universe letter(文字) which is the principle of geometry and three elements thought of circle square . It's related to the creation principle of the universe and regarded as a sign that demons-trates shows the way to read the mathematical principle. The original form of Korean clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) is represents the structure of hu-man body which reflects a small universe. So a good structure and meaning of the human body is well read in the formation of Korean clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) and that is a good symbolization of the clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) as the space of small universe. The good formation of Korean clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) could be shown by cutting out straight bending twisting and turning each straitly cutting piece is applied to its trans-tormation. Geametical formation with obvious sym-metric dividing of front-back left-right and top-bottom is well shown in Korean clothes by twisting Yuk(易) or m bius strips. So we can find out whole formation by representing only either 'front and back' or 'left and right' and also sa-pok(사폭) of man's trousers seop(섶) of jeo-go-ri(short jacket 저고리) kyut-ma-gi(곁마기) of Sam-hwai-jang jeo-go-ri (삼회장 저고리), mu(무) of jig-ryung(straight collar and long and wide sleeved robe, 直領) trouser wide and ga-rae-ba-dae(가래바대) of dan-cok-kok(woman's under trousers). The formation line of Korean clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) is based on theprinciple of unlimited m bius strips by twisting of turning direction from universal principle and original basic form is not changd even by turning in-side out. Unity of the whole and part in Korean clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) could be found in nonorientable thought(非始原思想) which represents the unity and dependence kil(길) of jeo-go-ri(short jacket, 저고리) and po(long and wide sleeved robe, 袍). Selva-gewise(식서방향) of sleeves and seam of out-side of kil(길) and outside of seop(섶) are directed to outside of seop(섶) inside of seop(섶) is to kil and direction of inseam of kheut-dong(끝동) and kyut-ma-gi(곁마기) is directed to sleeves. Korean clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) is usually made by cutting fabric for several parts and sewing them and the way to make Korean clothes is deeply related to the theory of chon-pu-kyung jong-il and il-seok -sam-geuk. As the development of men's consciousness is pro-gressed from total separation to separation and superseparation. Sewing process of korean clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) can be make single dimension to double or triple dimension of korean clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) silhoutte bacause it can be include principle of topology as noneuclity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.124-133
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to interpret the landscape characteristics of Changdeokgung's rear garden with the idea of Yijing(意境) the way to have a sense of an imaginative object. A term of Jing(境) in Yi-jing means a boundary of man's consciousness. On the boundary of consciousness for an imaginative object, there is a situation of man's emotion to be called Qingjing(情境) to meet an object, and beyond Qingjing, there is Yijing, a consciousness of the idea and the truth. The Structure of the Yijing is an analytical framework in this study. It is clarified that the idea of Yijing and landscape characteristics of changdeokgung's rear garden to analyze works of kings and related historical documents. In result, there were three kings named Injo, Sukjeong and Jeongjo who played big roles to develop the rear garden. First, Injo had built physical structure of the rear garden, the second Sukjong enjoyed Qingjing with composing the poems of Sangrimshipkyoung(上林十景), Jeongjo clearly had made a boundary of idea of Yijing broaden. It is an effective way to interpret imaginative characteristics of our traditional landscape through the concept of Yijing the useful way to understand and systemize a subject of idealistic consciousness.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 2007

Optical structure of $V_{2}O_{5}$ thin films were analyzed and confirmed, the films were deposited in oxygen partial pressure 0% and 10% by RF magnetron sputtering system. Measurements of the elliptic constants were made in the range of $0.75{\sim}4.0\;eV$ by using phase modulated spectroscopic ellipsometer. The elliptic constants of the thin films were analyze by Double Amorphous dispersion relation. The calculated n, k spectra of $V_{2}O_{5}$ layer were obtained over the range of $0.75{\sim}4.0\;eV$ photon energy. SEM and XRD measurements were also made to validate the ellipsometric analysis and they give good agreement with the structural properties of the films. It was found that optical structure of the $V_{2}O_{5}$ layer has a 3 phase(roughness/film/substrate) and optical absorption properties are greatly depend on the partial pressure of the oxygen.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.557-563
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• 2009

This study is on the properties of inorganic porous calcium silicate material made from silica powder through the autoclaving curing, the results of this study should be utilized fundamental data for the development of noise reduction porous solid material using siliceous byproduct generated by various manufacture process. For the manufacture of autoclave curing specimen, various calcareous materials used and siliceous materials used silica powder. In this study, properties in density and compressive strength according to the change of W/B and C/S ratio, microscopy for the shape of pore, SEM and XRD for the examination of hydrate after autoclave curing are carried out respectively. The test results shown that the more slurry density decrease, the more W/B increase at the fresh state, this tendency shown similar to in hardened state. Among the specimens of C/S ratio, the compressive strength of C/S ratio of 0.85 gave the highest the compressive strength. In the results of XRD, tobermorite generated by autoclaving curing was created all of specimens regardless of C/S ratio. To ascertain pore structure, we compared with existing porous calcium silicate product(ALC, organic sound absorbing porous material). The results of microscope observation, pore structure of specimen of this study was similar to that of existing inorganic sound absorbing foam concrete. therefore, we could conformed a possibility of sound absorbing porous solid material on the basis of the results.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.39
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• pp.669-700
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• 2019

Farmers' band music is a religious ritual in Korea. It is a solemn ritual to exhibit the auspicious holiness of the people to the God. Most of the ritual is accomplished by music. The music of the farmers 'band, in this sense, has its meaning as the expression of holiness by sound. In this paper, I will explore the principle to make various rhythms of farmers' band music, especially focusing on the chaegut (lit. "stroke music"). It is very symbolic because the name of the music shows the strokes of the gong, called jing, in a rhythmic phrase. In this sense, the chaegut is man-made music based on the specific principles in accordance with the strokes of the gong. Among many chaegut rhythms, samchae (lit. "three strokes") to chilchae (lit. "seven strokes") are the main rhythms. They were made after the principle of 'forward with drums, backward with gongs' in Five way procession. It the basic principle of military procession from the early Joseon Dynasty. The procession follows with the sound of the drums and gongs. There was always a principle of "five strokes" to control the procession. The "five strokes" became the basis of the making of chaegut rhythms. The rhythms of the samchae to chilchae are based on the rhythm of samchae. The samchae has three gong strokes in a cycle, which exhibits the chaotic moment with the rhythmic noise. The name of the rhythm exhibits the correspondence of the signifiant, that is the name "three strokes" and the signifié, that is the real three strokes of gongs in music. Other four rhythms has made up from the samchae with half cycles are added in accordance with the strokes of the gongs. In this way, the chaegut shows the principle of "five strokes" in the military procession. The rhythm of ochae jilgut is a mixture of ochae (lit. "five strokes") and jilgut (lit. "road music") which is usually performed on the road to a mountain shrine. The musical structure of ochae jilgut corresponds to the colotomic structure of Southeast Asian music and the 15th-century music of old musical scores. The rhythm of gilgunak chilchae is a mixture of gilgunak (lit. "road military music") and chilchae (lit. "seven strokes"). The rhythmic structure is similar to other regional music, sijo ("short song") of the literati music and norae garak (lit. "some melody") of the shaman music. In sum, the chaegut is very artistic music made from the military procession of the Joseon Dynasty. The name of the rhythm corresponds with the strokes of the gong in a cycle. In this way, the chaegut shows the principle of music-making to exhibit the ritual characteristics of the Korean people.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.38
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• pp.329-358
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• 2005

The Three storied Stone pagoda in Gameunsa Temple site, one of the early staged stone pagodas, has been known as a standard for Silla stone pagodas. A stone pagoda is not only a stone art work and but also a stone structure. Most studies and investigation of the stone pagoda has done mainly based on style and chronological research according to an art historical view. However, there is not an attempt to research the stone pagoda as a stone architecture. Most Korean experts at the stone pagoda has art history in their background. Engineers who can understand the structure of the stone pagoda are very limited. More architectural and engineering approach is need to research not only art historial understanding but also safety as a structure. We can find many technical know-how from our ancestors who made stone pagodas. 1. To reduce any deformation such as relaxation and sinking of BuJae which is caused by a heavy load, the BuJae (consist of a foundation stone and lower stereobates) should be enlarged. 2. A special construction method for connection between Myonsuk and Tangjoo was invented. This unique method is not used any longer after the Three storied Stone pagoda in Gameunsa Temple site. 3. The upper BuJae and the lower BuJae are missed each other by making a difference of Okgaesuk and Okgaebatchim in size. It is done for a distribution of perpendicular load and a prevention for relaxation of BuJae. 4. The center of gravity in the BuJae is located to the center of the stone pagoda by trimming the upper surface of the Okgaebatchim into a convex shape. The man who made stone pagodas had excellent knowledge on the engineering and techniques to understand the structure of the stone pagodas. We can confirm it as follows: the enlarged BuJae, dislocated connection between upper Bujae and lower BuJae, and moving the center of gravity close to the center of the stone pagoda.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2011

Cheongpyeongsa Temple was originally built in the early years of Goryeo Dynasty, but its current structural framework was made by the Lord Jinrakgong Lee Ja Hyeon(1061-1125) of the middle Goryeo period based on the Zen thought after he began living in the Cheongpyeong mountain around the temple in 1089. The purpose of this study is to conceptualize, based on old documents, historical changes of the appearance and survival of man-made structures with in the Zen garden formed and developed after Lee Ja Hyeon laid the foundation for Munsuwon Zen garden. Among the eight, outside-the-temple hermitages built at the time of Lee Ja Hyeon's Munsuwon Zen garden, only three hermitages, which are Sik-am, Gyeonseong-am, Yangshin-am had been remaining thanks to restoration and repair until late Joseon Dynasty and preserved as symbolic hermitages. Also, the Yeongji Pond built at the time of Lee Ja Hyeon still remains as precious landscape relics which is meaningful as a genuine Goryeo-period pond. The nine pine trees said to be planted by Lee Ja Hyeon remained until middle 1800s through their descendant trees. When the Buddhist monk Bowoo Daesa(1509-1565)changed the name to Cheongpyeongsa Temple in middle Joseon based on the Munsuwon Zen garden built by Lee Ja Hyeon and greatly expanded it, he newly built and expanded all buildings inside the temple except for Neunginjeon(main temple building), resulting in the present temple structure. In addition, by greatly enhancing the level of scenery by reconstructing Yeongji Pond outside the temple area and transplanting garden plants from the royal court, he made Cheongpyeongsa Temple the most prosperous Zen garden in its history. But after the mid-1800s, which is late Joseon period, Cheongpyeongsa Temple failed to thrive further and began to decline, and so currently most buildings of the Zen garden have disappeared except for some parts of the temple and other facilities are neglected.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2015

In order to grasp the clear concepts and variables to treat Shanghan diseases which has complex meaning by each medical literature, several concepts and analytic method of structuralism from early to late stage encompassing Saussure and Derrida were used. Main concepts are langue and parole, signifiant and signifie, syntagme and paradigme, denotation and connotation, synchronie and diachronie, identity of structure and differance etc. and methods are substituting these concepts to historical Shanghan theories from Zhongjing to Ming-Qing dynasty and comparisons of synchronie about their era. Essential qualities of Shanghan diseases are pathologic phenomena under the order of unification of nature and man formed through concrescence between individual human body and geo-climatico-socio-cultural environmental conditions, neither injuries by cold pathogen nor five types of exopathogenic febrile diseases. The former environmental elements can be inferred from general traits of desires and public pathological aspects of social members, and the latter personal factors from corresponding features to those pathogenic variables. In addition, the concepts of Shanghan disease are added successively up to now via Jin-Yuan's four great masters and Wenbing masters, and thus the new concepts of denotation became another connotation obtaining new signifiant. In this way, for the treatment of Shanghan diseases, new theories should be made for ranging prescription over the wenbing field; reflecting not only climatical variables but also each patient's physio-pathological features and sociocultural variables. Thereby an appropriate and reasonable therapeutical systems can be designed and can guide research direction hereafter.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.73-79
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• 2012

Currently, all domestic CNG vehicles have manual cylinder valves installed. These are inconvenient for drivers in case of a gas leak accident, because drivers have to stop the vehicle operation and manually close the valve. It makes difficult condition for drivers to quickly and properly respond to such accidents. In advanced European countries, they require Automatic cylinder valve installation, which has a structure where the valve is automatically shut off when the driver turns off the ignition in case of a gas leak. If this electric valve system is introduced in Korea, the safety of CNG buses will be improved with better functionalities. In this paper, in order to solve the structural problem of difficulty for a driver to identify the operational status of individual Automatic cylinder valves, an approach was made regarding temperature increase with pressure increase during CNG filling. it was estimated that the temperature increased approximately more than $30^{\circ}C$ due to pressure difference during the filling. Therefore, it was concluded from the experimental data that the valve of the container whose temperature did not increase did not operate, resulting in filling failure.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 2020

The excavation broken zones (EBZ) of gateways is a significant factor in determining the stability of man-made opening. The EBZ of 55 gateways with variety geological conditions were measured using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). The results found that the greatly depth of EBZ, the smallest is 1.5 m and the deepest is 3.5 m. Experimental investigations were carried out in the laboratory and in the coal mine fields for applying the combined arch support theory to large EBZ. The studies found that resin bolts with high tensile strength and good bond force could provide high pretension force with bolt extensible anchorage method in the field. Furthermore, the recently invented torque amplifier could greatly improve the bolt pretension force in poor lithology. The FLAC3D numerical simulation found that the main diffusion sphere of pretension force was only in the free segment zone of the surrounding rock. Further analysis found that the initial load-bearing zone thickness of the combined arch structure in large EBZ could be expressed by the free segment length of bolt. The using of high mechanical property bolts and steel with high pretension force will clearly putting forward the bolt length selection rule based on the combined arch support theory.