• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 1999

It may be said that ancient wild Chinese garden had been founded during Qin dynasty and completed through Han, Sui and Tang dynasties. At first used as hunting areas for kings, the ancient resort forests began to take forms of garden. They dug a pond in the garden and made a simulated mountains with the soil that came from the excavations for the pond and suc pavilions has Gyong, Ru, Gak etc. were built around the pond. The ponds were different in size from those in Korea, being of the lake-like size. they made three island in the pond, which were the islands of Taoist hermits with supernatural powers, called Bong-lae, Young-ju and Band-jang respectively. the traditional of making those islands began in the Qin era and were completed in the Han era, being descended to posterity as a traditional garden structure of 'three islands in one pond' garden style. Such style was brought to Korea and first appeared as Kung-Nam-Ji in Back-jae kingdom and then brought to Japan, becoming the tradition of constructing ponds from early Heian era. Those lake-like huge Chinese ponds constituted the core of ancient garden where various feasts took place. Such ponds were also placed at the center of the gardens and played the roles of feasting garden ponds. Through the above-mentioned studies of the ancient Chines garden, the origin of them and the influence of the ancient Chinese ponded garden upon those of Korea and Japan were investigated.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

Rural amenity is regarded as a breakthrough that can revitalize the rural communities. The demand for rural amenity development is also increasing since the urban people have growing incomes and leisure time. This study was implemented to survey the needs and application directions of rural amenity database. The survey questionnaires were collected from various related groups including industry, universities, administration and research institute. Two kinds of analysis of variance (ANOVA) were carried out in order to prioritize the building rural amenity resource map among four user groups and ten rural amenity resources. The result of survey showed that most of respondents had been aware of amenity resources and the industry group had the highest level of utilization in making decisions for rural development. Although the significant difference among groups was not shown in the priority, the priority in the construction of information map was shown the significant difference among 10 kinds of amenity resources. Landscape's map and traditional resource map were relatively higher priority than the other resource map.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.68-76
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to computerize street tree management using a CAD program in order to manage the drawing record of street trees systematically and concurrently. The configuration of this program is composed of Reference Data, Data Inquiry, and Cost Assessment. The Reference Data includes characteristics of trees, monthly managements records, damage by blight and insects and usage of pesticides. The Data Inquiry includes an individual search of the tree index, simple searches and multiple searches. The Cost Assessment includes two main components, the data input with labor cost, manure ocst and pesticide cost and the assesment of management cost for prevention of blight and insects, pruning and fertilization. The results of this study are as follows: 1) When there are practices such as transplanting and removing of street trees it is immediately updated with the various situation. By creating an in progress a tree management system, up to the date information can be given to the manager for decision making. 2) To identify individual tree at the site or in drawing, the street name and numbers were used instead of coordinates. Tree tags are attached to the street trees individually. It can make DB management simple and easy. 3) By doing simple or multiple search with constructed DB, data can be provided quickly. 4) The result of this type of search are useful in the assessment of management cost very useful in regards to items such as the pruning, pesticides scattering and fertilization. 5) By using the AutoCAD software and existing PC without purchasing new equipment, the cost of system implementation can be minimized.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.82-91
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate methods to overcome serious problems in hedge making. The growth response of Enonymus japonica was investigated, using different sizes of nonwoven fabric containers. Changes of shoot length, fresh weight and chlorophyll contents were measured a period of growth in each size of container. The results of this study are as follows; 1) The maximum growth of shoot length in all treatments was observed in May and August. The significant difference was found in the smaller size of container containing a less amount of soil than the control. 2) The soil amount of rhizosphere for the production of a standardized hedge seemed to be over 2,400-3,600㎤ per plant. 3) The depth of containers had a greater influence on growth of shoot length than the width of containers. 4) The fresh weight in 40cm width containers and 30$\times$20cm containers was similar to the control, but the rest of the containers showed significant difference compared with the control. 5) A significant difference of chlorophyll content was found in A, B, C, D and G treatment but I treatment did not show significant difference at the 5% level.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.35-41
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to determine those factors critical in the determining of regional trail routes. Initially, a consideration of the concept of the regional trail was conducted through literature reviews and 13 planning elements were determined from previous studies related to trail planning and trail construction studies. An additional 13 items were taken from literature research related to nature experiences or were sourced by interviewing experts. To verify these planning elements, a survey of experts was conducted. Individual elements were assessed concerning their degree of importance. As a result of this survey, it was found that the protection of ecologically sensitive areas and the use of existing trail routes are important route planning factors. These planning factors can be used for making decisions regarding regional trail route directions and situations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.29-43
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• 1995

In this study on the creation of parks in North Korea, which is closely re]toted to the developmental stages in North Korea, park construction plans are investigated according to the following periods: 1) from the Liberation of Korea in 1945 to the outbreak of the Korean War, 2) from the end of the Korean War to the 1950's, 3) 1960's and 4) 1970's and 1980's Major North Korean parks are also presented and common characteristics of park-making in North Korea are analyzed in the following way : 1) the character and function of the parks, 2) the development of landscaping, 3) the creation of unique North Korean parks. This study was conducted through archival research of North Korean documents and it may be limited due to the intrinsic problem of reliability that the documents have, and also to an impossoble on-the-spot survey. However this study is of value because it presents North Korean parks, as yet unpublished in South Korea, and it can be used as valuable information for further study and especially for the planning of parks and green space system in preparation for a probable unified Korea. For a profound stuffy, broader and more accurately detailed North Korean documents must be obtained and opened to the public. A comparative study on the principles of spatial composition and design elements of the parka in South and North Korea mutt also be conducted so as to find a model for the Korean park for a future unified Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.34-45
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• 2003

The motivation for transforming the Seoul City Hall plaza into place for pedestrians was prompted by the 2002 World cup event. This place has diverse time layers ranging from the Yi-dynasty to the present. Around city hall, diverse cultural assets and distinctive architecture are scattered. The place is a kind of melting pot that represents different times and cultures in the city. Transforming place for cars into place for citizens suggest several implications in city making policy such as high priority for pedestrians in urban design and enhancement of the public open spaces through downtown remodelling. Our plan is to propose the idea of Media plaza. One of the characteristics of Seoul now can be summarized as Media because the W industry and infrastructure are well developed in the city. ´Seoul Media Plaza´ adopts high-tech infrastructures such as RGB color post, multi box, I-Gate, etc as design materials. Three concepts of the plan are ´evolutionary plan´, ´flexible plan´, and ´participatory plan´. First, the plan will embrace the future changes of external conditions. Second, the plan should be flexible to accomodate the diverse activities in the plaza. Another special aspect of the plan is a kind of open plan. The ground surface of the plaza will be changed in its pattern and shape by citizen participation. Finally, the ´Seoul Media Plaza´ attempts to represent the spirit of Seoul and to connect the past, the present and the future while promoting citizen participation.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.167-180
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate effective ways to meet social and cultural interest in and needs of gardens and gardening. A total of 191 respondents who answered they were living in Gyeongnam region in the questionnaire were selected: 102 (53.4%) were males and 89 (46.6%) were females. In frequency of garden visits, 45% of the respondents answered they visited gardens once a year. Their preferred companion was family (43.6%), followed by friends/colleagues (24.3%). Their important motives of garden visits included admiration of gardens' scenery and ambience, pleasure in being outdoors, relaxing mentally and physically, and appreciation of plants. Relatively less important motives included understanding or educating about nature and environmental conservation, and interest in garden design and horticulture techniques. In the overall assessment of gardens and gardening, the quality of the establishment, management and operation of botanic gardens and arboreta in Gyeongnam region scored 3.32 scale, which was close to the level of 'fair.' Also, the respondents agreed at 3.91 scale that it was necessary to improve the garden creation, gardening, and garden culture. Meanwhile, many people in Gyeongnam region did not clearly understand differences between garden and public park, also had a very obscure perception of public garden. The results of importance-performance analysis (IPA) indicated that it is necessary to concentrate on directing and developing some programs such as admiration of beautiful and exotic plants, and education on garden culture including garden making and horticultural techniques.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.55-62
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• 2024

This study aimed to resolve issues in performance monitoring of the ecological sector of the Agricultural Environment Conservation Program through a comparative study of domestic ecological monitoring cases and to identify suitable performance monitoring methods for the project. To achieve this objective, current performance monitoring of the Agricultural Environment Conservation Program was compared and analyzed with domestic ecological monitoring cases to examine their applicability. Research results indicate that domestic ecological monitoring covers a wide range, making it difficult to diagnose the ecological environment at the village level. Therefore, it seems challenging to use these data for evaluating the performance of residents' activities. To accurately assess performances of participating villages in the project, on-site monitoring of the target areas is essential. For this purpose, efforts should be focused on strengthening on-site monitoring through the establishment of collaborative systems. However, domestic ecological monitoring can be utilized for long-term performance monitoring in the Agricultural Environment Conservation Program. By extracting necessary data on agricultural areas through geographic information and particularly by utilizing survey results according to the 'cultivated land ecosystem' type, long-term performance of the project could be evaluated. Accordingly, this study can serve as foundational research for establishing an ecological performance monitoring plan and system suited to the project.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.28-37
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• 2011

In this study, the series-poem, Bihaedangsasippalyoung(48 poems for beautiful scene of Bihaedang), written by scholars of Jiphyonjeon for Bihaedang garden of Anpyung-Daegun(Prince Anpyung, 1416-1453), was analyzed focusing on scenery lexeme to interpret the meaning of scenery and gardening culture of Sadaebu(noblemen) during the first term of Chosun Dynasty. The study result is as followings. First, the subtitle of Sasippalyoung(48 poems) written by Anpyung-Daegun while he grew Bihaedang garden on the foot of Inwang Mountain showed repetitive nomativity comparing joining of yin and yang, such as life and form of animal and plan, time and space, meaning and symbolism, etc. Among scenery lexemes, 38 are represented plant and flowers, and 8 are represented gardening ornaments and animals. Second, the names of gardens were expressed as Wonrim, Jongje, Imchon(Trees and Ponds), or Hwawon(Flower garden), or also presented as Gongjeong(Empty garden), Manwon(Full garden), Jungjeong(Middle garden), Huwon(Backyard), Wonrak(Inner court), or Byulwon(Seperated garden) depending on density and location. In addition, there were pavilions and ponds, stepping stones and stairs, a pergola, a flat bench, flowerpots, an artificial hill, oddly shaped stones, wells, aviary, flower beds, or hedges. A gardener was called Sahwa(flower keeper), planting and gardening of garden trees were called Jaebae(cultivation), a pond island was called Boogoo(floating hill), and miniature landscapes were called Chukjee(reduced land). Third, willows were planted on the outdoor yard, and plum trees were planted in front of the library, which led to bamboo woods road. Peony, camellia, tree peony and crepe myrtle were planted on the inner court with mossy rocks, small artificial hills, glass rocks, flower pots. There were rectangular ponds, while breeding deer, dove, rooster, and cranes. Fourth, landscape elements were enjoyed as metaphysical symbolic landscape by anthropomorphism, such as (1) gentlemen and loyalty, (2) wealth and prosperity, (3) Taoist hermit and poetical life, (4) reclusion and seclusion, (5) filial piety, virtue, introspection, etc. In other words, the garden presented a variety of gardening culture appreciating meaningful landscape, such as investigation of things, reclusion and seclusion, and building orientation of a fairyland yearning eternal youth and Mureungdowon(Taoist Arcadia) by making a garden blending beautiful flowers and trees, with precious birds and animals. Fifth, there were many landscape appreciation schemes, such as Angkyung(looking-up), Bukyung(looking-down), Jeokyung(looking-under), Chakyung(bringing outer space into inside), Yookyung(flower viewing), Yojeong(walking around the garden enjoying flowers), Hwasaekhyangbyuk(flower gardening), and Garden appreciation enjoying landscape through time and seasons with different inspirations.